Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-39).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1955. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-56).

Sugar has been an important commodity down through the ages. In the present day world, there is hardly any corner of the world where sugar is not consumed in one form or another.

Man has always included some form of sugar in his diet. Only in the past two centuries has sugar been developed as an individual food. During that time vast amounts of money and time have gone into the development and improvement of sugar. In 1747, a German chemist by the name of Andreas Marggraf proved that sugar beets contained sugar. One of his pupils, Franz Karl Achard, in 1799 gave further evidence of this fact by his experiments.

Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami cukrinių runkelių augimo intensyvumo, lapų ploto formavimosi, sausų medžiagų kaupimosi, fotosintetinių parametrų, derlingumo bei cukringumo tyrimo duomenys ir kokią įtaką turėjo bioorganinių nano trąšų NAGRO panaudojimas cukrinių runkelių pasėlyje. Darbo objektas – ‘Ernestina‘ veislės cukrinių runkelių pasėliai, papildomai apipurkšti bioorganiniu universalių nano trąšų NAGRO tirpalu. Darbo metodai: 2013 m. ASU Bandymų stotyje atlikti cukrinių runkelių (Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera) pasėlio formavimo naudojant NAGRO trąšas tyrimai. Tirta cukrinių runkelių veislė ‘Ernestina‘. Cukrinių runkelių daigai keturių porų tikrųjų lapelių tarpsnyje apipurkšti NAGRO trąšų tirpalu. Cukriniams runkeliams esant 5 – 6 porų tikrųjų lapelių tarpsnyje 3 ir 5 bandymo variantuose augantys augalai dar kartą pagal schemą apipurkšti bioorganinių nano trąšų tirpalu. Kitos agrotechninės priemonės buvo atliktos pagal Bandymo stotyje taikomą cukrinių runkelių auginimo technologiją. Darbo rezultatai: Papildomas cukrinių runkelių apipurškimas NAGRO trąšomis turėjo teigiamos įtakos cukrinių runkelių augimo ir vystymosi procesams. Didžiausias lapų skaičius, šakniavaisio diametras ir didžiausia biomasė gauta augalus apipurškus du kartu 1 l ha-1 norma. Lapų plotas (14,75 %) buvo patikimai didesnis cukrinius runkelius apipurškus du kartus 1 l ha-1 norma. Cukriniai runkeliai daugiausiai sausųjų medžiagų lapuose (21,23 g.), šakniavaisiuose (20,76 g.)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master´s thesis presents the research data on sugar beet growth intensity, the formation of leaf area, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic parameters, yield and sugar content as well as reveals the effect the application of the bio-organic nano fertilizer “NAGRO” had on sugar beet crop. Object of the research: 'Ernestina' variety of sugar beet crop applied by the solution of the universal bio-organic nano fertilizer “NAGRO”. Research methods: The research on crop formation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera) sprayed by “NAGRO” fertilizer was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2013. 'Ernestina' variety of sugar beet crop was researched. At the stage of 4 pairs of true leaves the application of “NAGRO” fertilizer solution was made to sugar beet seedlings whereas at the growth stage of 5–6 pairs of leaves the plants of the 3rd and 5th test versions were additionaly applied by the solution of “NAGRO” fertilizer. Other agro measures were carried out in accordance with the growing technology for sugar beet applicable in the Experimental Station. Research results: Additional application of “NAGRO” fertilizer on sugar beet had a positive impact on the sugar beet growth and development processes. The leaf area (14,75%) of sugar beet was significantly higher after twofold application in 1 l ha-1 rate. Dry matter accumulation in the leaves (21,23 g) and roots (20,76 g) of sugar beet was the highest after the application of... [to full text]

Preliminary unpublished work at the Salt Lake City Laboratory of the Division of Sugar Plant Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, indicates that beets showing the Y color factor (9) were larger than sugar-beet types recessive for this color factor (y y). It was suggested to the writer that an investigation be made to determine whether or not yield and sugar content were correlated with color factors in beets. Linkages between the R and Y color factors have been reported by Keller (9), and the results indicate a close linkage betwen color factorsR and Y, with about 7.5 percent recombinations. Abegg (1) has found linkage between the R color factor and the factor B for annual habit with a crossover percentage of about 15.5 percent. Unpublished data from the Division of Sugar Plant Investigations indicate several additional color factors in the R Y B linkage group. Yield and sugar analysis, as related to presence and absence of the R factor, have been studied by Nuckols (10). Nuckols' studies were made from a commercial variety and plants recessive for the red color (genotype r r) were separated from plants with red hypocotyls (genotypes R r and R R) at thinning time. He reports no significant difference between the 2 color classes in yield or sugar content. Since these data were taken from a commercial variety of beets by thinning to color classes, no critical information was secured regarding possible genetic linkages; but satisfactory data were secured showing 1 color to be as good as the other as far as production of sugar is concerned. In the present study hybrids were made between a sugar beet and a mangel wurzel. The sugar beet was a high sugar type of genetic constitution R r y y for color. The mangel wurzel was a high yield and low sugar type and of genetic constitution r r Y Y for color. A large F2 population resulting from hybrids between the sugar beet and the mangel made possible a critical study of the association of the R and Y color factors with yield and sugar analysis.

There are presented the following parts in the final master diploma work: introduction, 4 chapters, conclusions and list of literature. Total coverage of diploma work- 57 pages, including 41 pictures and 6 charts. There are presented 51 sources of information. The goal of diploma work- to analyze traditional and protective technology of growth of sugar- beets and machines of soil treatment. To construe the movement of knifes of rotor cultivator in the soil. To investigate and compare sowing, harvest and qualitative indexes of growing the sugar- beets according different technologies. Main tasks of diploma work- to analyze technologies of growth of sugar beets; to overlook machines of soil treatment and their technological processes; to analyze the movement of vertical rotor cultivators and cultivators with horizontal roller in the soil; to investigate the influence of different technologies of soil treatment and sowing to quality of insertion of seeds of sugar- beets and to harvest of sugar beets and it’s qualitative indexes; to evaluate and to compare treatment of soil and sowing technologies of sugar beets by indexes of energy.

<p>Carabide pripadaju kosmopolitskoj grupi insekata, sa preko 40.000 vrsta &scaron;irom Sveta,<br />od tog broja 2700 vrsta je registrovano u Evropi. Trenutno se smatra da su trĉuljci<br />najrazvijenija familija podreda Adephaga. Desile su se mnoge izmene u sistematici<br />familije Carabidae od prvog kljuĉa za determinaciju &ldquo;Royal Entomological Society<br />handbook&ldquo; (Lindroth,1974). Prvi znaĉajan doprinos razumevanja ekologije, taksonomije<br />i rasprostranjenosti karabida naĉinio je Carl Heinz Lindroth, koji je pokrio veći deo<br />severne Evrope kao i razvijene delove Severne Amerike, rad Lindrota pratio je Thiele<br />(1977). Kasniji rad na identifikaciji karabida u Evropi izmenio je kljuĉ za determinaciju<br />vrsta centralnog dela Evrope. Takodje, napravljen je veći broj ilustrovanih kljuĉeva za<br />determinaciju karabida na prostoru Francuske. Karabide su tipiĉni polifagni predatori,<br />veoma znaĉajni za odrţanje agroekosistema i drugih ekosistema zbog ĉega su ĉest<br />predmet istraţivanja. Pored toga &scaron;to su poznati kao korisni insekti, odnosno regulatori<br />brojnosti &scaron;tetnih populacija, neki predstavnici familije Carabidae mogu biti i &scaron;tetoĉine<br />biljaka kako gajenih tako i korovskih, ĉime se uloga pripadnika ove familije znaĉajno<br />uvećava. Cilj ovog rada jeste determinacija imaga familije Carabidae i njihova potvrda<br />putem molekularnih analiza (PCR), kao i utvrĊivanje kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog<br />sastava trĉuljaka u poljima p&scaron;enice, kukuruza i &scaron;ećerne repe na podruĉju, Beĉeja,<br />Maglića i Rimskih &Scaron;anĉeva, tokom 2010. i 2011. godine. TakoĊe, je posmatrana<br />dominantnost, abundantnost, stepen faunistiĉke sliĉnosti karabida i uticaja<br />agrometeorolo&scaron;kih uslova sredine na njihovu brojnost i sastav vrsta. Tokom<br />dvogodi&scaron;njih istraţivanja u tri napred navedena useva i na sva tri lokaliteta, metodom &bdquo;<br />Barber posuda&ldquo; sakupljeno je ukupno 4.420 jedinki familije Carabidae. Kada<br />posmatramo brojnost po godinama, u prvoj godini, prikupljeno je vi&scaron;e jedinki tj. 2803,<br />koje su svrstane u 51 vrstu, dok je u 2011.g., brojnost bila skoro duplo manja, a<br />zabeleţeno je svega 1.617 jedinki, odnosno identifikovano je 47 vrsta, &scaron;to je u vezi sa uslovima sredine u datim godinama istraţivanja. TakoĊe, na osnovu dobijenih rezultata moţe se zakljuĉiti da je struktura karabida zavisna od vladajućih biotiĉkih i abiotiĉkih faktora, te kombinacijom ovih faktora stvaraju se specifiĉni mikroklimatski uslovi, a sa tim i karakteristiĉna fauna. Nakon uraĊenih molekularnih analiza, kod vrsta Calathus fuscipes, Poecilus versicolor, Amara aenea, Calathus ambiguus, Anchomenus dorsalis, Dolichus halensis, Pterostichus cupreus, Harpalus distinguendus, Harpalus rufipes, Laemostenus terricola, Pterostichus melanarius, Harpalus dimidiatus, Anisodactylus binotatus, Trechus quadristriatus, Carabus coriaceus, Carabus cancellatus, BLAST analiza je potvrdila status vrste koja je primarno identifikovana na osnovu morfolo&scaron;kih karakteristika. Vrste, kod kojih je utvrĊena visoka stopa sliĉnosti sa drugim vrstama iz istog roda i za koje nema referentnih sekvenci u banci gena, kao &scaron;to su Pterostichus (Poecilus) sericeus, Harpalus azureus, Pterostichus incommodus, Harpalus griseus, Pterostichus (Cophosus) cylindricus, Pterostichus vernalis, Pterostichus (Feronidius) melas i Calosoma auropunctatum predstavljaju doprinos svetskoj barkoding bazi podataka.</p> / <p>Carabidae belong to cosmopolitan group of insects, with over 40,000 species worldwide, where out of that number 2700 species is registered in Europe. It is currently considered that ground beetles are the most developed family of the sub-order Adephagae. There have been many changes in the systematic approach of the Carabidae family since the first determination key called &quot;Royal Entomological Society Handbook&quot; (Lindroth, 1974). The first significant contribution to the understanding of the ecology, taxonomy and distribution of Carabidae was made by Carl Heinz Lindroth that covered the greater part of the Northern Europe as well as the developed parts of Northern America; Lindroth&rsquo;s work was followed by Thiele (1977). Subsequent work on the identification of Carabidae in Europe changed the key for determination of the species of central Europe. Moreover, there have been a larger number of illustrated keys for determination of Carabidae on the territory of France. Carabidae are the typical polyphagous predators, very important for the maintenance of agro ecosystems and other ecosystems therefore they are often the subject of research. In addition to being known as beneficial insects, that is regulators of the number of pest populations, some representatives of the Carabidae family can also be pests of cultivated plants as well as weeds; therefore the role of the members of this family is increased significantly. The aim of this study is to determine the adults of the Carabidae family and their confirmation in molecular analysis (PCR), as well as to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of ground beetles in fields of wheat, maize and sugar beet on the territory of Beĉej, Maglić and Rimski &Scaron;anĉevi, during 2010 and 2011. Furthermore, the dominance, abundance, degree of faunal similarity of Carabidae and the impact of agro-meteorological conditions of the environment on the number and composition of species were observed. During the two-year research in the three above-mentioned crops and in all three locations, using the method of &quot;Barber traps&quot; a total of 4,420 individuals of the Carabidae family were collected. When we look at the strength throughout years, in the first year more individuals were collected, that is 2,803 in number, which are classified into 51 species, while in 2011 the number was almost half that, and only 1,617 individuals were recorded, and 47 species identified, which is</p><p>related to environmental conditions in given years of study. Moreover, based on the<br />obtained results it can be concluded that the composition of Carabidae is dependent on<br />the ruling biotic and abiotic factors, and the combination of these factors creates a<br />specific microclimate conditions, thus the characteristic fauna. Having applied the<br />molecular analysis with the following species &ndash; Calathus fuscipes, Poecilus versicolor,<br />Amara aenea, Calathus ambiguus, Anchomenus dorsalis, Dolichus halensis,<br />Pterostichus cupreus, Harpalus distinguendus, Harpalus rufipes, Laemostenus<br />terricola, Pterostichus melanarius, Harpalus dimidiatus, Anisodactylus binotatus,<br />Trechus quadristriatus, Carabus coriaceus, Carabus cancellatus &ndash; the BLAST analysis<br />confirmed the status of a species that is primarily identified based on morphological<br />characteristics. Species, in which a high rate of similarity with other species of the same<br />order was found, and for which there is no reference sequence in the gene bank, such as<br />Pterostichus (Poecilus) sericeus, Harpalus azureus, Pterostichus incommodus,<br />Harpalus griseus, Pterostichus (Cophosus) cylindricus, Pterostichus vernalis,<br />Pterostichus (Feronidius) melas i Calosoma auropunctatum represent a contribution to<br />the world bar-coding database.</p>

Die vier Beiträge der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift untersuchen das Entscheidungsverhalten von Landwirten in unterschiedlichen Entscheidungssituationen. Das übergeordnete Ziel ist es, die Präferenzstruktur und Zahlungsbereitschaft von Landwirten in den untersuchten Entscheidungssituationen zu analysieren, um so die Informationsgrundlage als Entscheidungsbasis für Politiker und Berater sowie der Landwirte selbst zu erweitern. Hierzu findet die Methode der Discrete Choice Experimente in allen vier Beiträgen Anwendung. Im Einzelnen werden in den Beiträgen folgende Forschungsfragen untersucht: Der erste Beitrag prüft welche Faktoren die Entscheidung von Landwirten beeinflussen, den Preis für ihr Erntegut ex ante abzusichern. Im zweiten Beitrag werden die Präferenzen von Landwirten für das Eingehen einer Kooperation unter expliziter Berücksichtigung von nicht-monetären Faktoren analysiert. Der dritte Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Rolle die finanzielle Flexibilität in Investitionsentscheidungen von Landwirten spielt. Wie Anbauverträge für Biogas-Zuckerrüben aus Sicht der anbauenden Landwirte ausgestaltet sein müssen, wird im vierten Beitrag geklärt.

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