Experiments evaluated sugarbeet tolerance, herbicide efficacy on common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (moq.) J.D. Sauer), and rotational crop safety to ethofumesate (2-Ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranol methanesulfonate) in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Ethofumesate applied at 2.24 or 4.48 kg ha-1 at the sugarbeet two-true leaf stage reduced sugarbeet stature and recoverable sucrose in field experiments. Ethofumesate at 1.12 kg ha-1 plus glyphosate at 1.26 kg ha-1 applied preemergence (PRE) or early postemergence (EPOST) to 1.3-cm weeds provided broad spectrum control with the least sugarbeet stature reduction in field and greenhouse experiments. Corn (Zea mays L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stand density, stature reduction, flowering date, grain yield, test weight, and grain moisture were not affected by 4.48 kg ha-1 ethofumesate applied at calendar dates representing 9-, 10-, and 11-month intervals between sugarbeet and rotational crops.

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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cover crop interseeding time and species effect on sugarbeet production during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Cover crops were first interseeded in June and second interseeding was done in late June or early July. Four cover crops species, Austrian pea (Pisum sativum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz], and brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), were examined. First interseeding resulted in significantly higher cover crop biomass than second interseeding. In 2018, the highest recoverable sugar yield was observed with pea (13.9 Mg ha-1) and camelina (6.6 Mg ha-1) first-interseeded, at Ada and Downer, MN, respectively. In 2019, camelina (11.2 Mg ha-1) at Ada, MN, and pea (12.4 Mg ha-1) at Prosper, ND both second-interseeded, had the highest recoverable sugar yield. Cover crops had no negative impacts on sugarbeet, but the selection of species and planting time are critical.

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The post-harvest physiology of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) roots was studied during controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 35° and 50°F. Zero, 3, 6 and 10% carbon dioxide and 5% oxygen concentrations were employed to investigate the most beneficial concentrations of gases. Under the experimental conditions beets were stored successfully for 200 days. The maximum beneficial effects of CA were observed under 6% carbon dioxide and 5% oxygen at 35°F. Regardless of storage temperatures , sucrose retention was highest in the beets stored under CA, compared to conventional refrigeration (CR). Other beneficial effects include less hydrolysis of sucrose to reducing sugars and a decrease in raffinose accumulation. Fungal growth and sprouting were also inhibited significantly, under CA. In the second phase of the studies, investigations were conducted on sugarbeets to study the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the optimum CA storage at 40°F. Regardless of the level of nitrogen fertilization, the beets stored under CA demonstrated beneficial effects as described earlier. In addition, respiration, measured on the whole beets, and amino nitrogen content of the beets were lower in the CA-stored beets than those stored under CR. Accumulation of citric acid and succinic acid was significant in the CA-stored beets.

Submitted by Felipe de Souza Andrade (andrade.f.s@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T02:16:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe de Souza Andrade.pdf: 3726889 bytes, checksum: ce1fe5a31cbb1d67b471c39d64ba63a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br) on 2016-03-04T12:35:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe de Souza Andrade.pdf: 3726889 bytes, checksum: ce1fe5a31cbb1d67b471c39d64ba63a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T12:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe de Souza Andrade.pdf: 3726889 bytes, checksum: ce1fe5a31cbb1d67b471c39d64ba63a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Climate change will impact agricultural production in different ways in each region of the world. The impact on sugar crops (sugarcane and sugar beet) will cause changes in the supply of sugar with consequent economic changes in producing countries. To understand the effects of productivity shocks in the sugarcane industry and the Brazilian economy (GDP and well-being) it was carried out a literature review on the predicted impacts in these crops to climate change scenarios. Were raised 21 works, divided into 10 regions in the world according to their production patterns and consumption, which allowed establish three shock scenarios in productivity, minimum, average, and maximum, for each region. Were raised also minimum and maximum productivity shocks for major crops (wheat, corn, rice and soy) based on papers published by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). To translate the productivity shocks in economic returns, were simulated on an economic model the three shock scenarios in productivity on sugar crops, and six other scenarios combining these shocks to impacts in productivity on major crops. The economic computable general equilibrium model GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) was used, considering the base year 2011, to analyze the effects on the sugarcane industry and the Brazilian economy. It was noted that climate change tends to promote productivity gains in sugar crops and sugar production in various regions. In Brazil, the joint productivity shock scenarios on major crops and sugar crops promoted GDP gains and wellness little higher than the shock scenarios only in the sugar crops. The results suggest that climate change will slightly affect sectors of sugarcane and sugar from Brazil. The share of these sectors in GDP is small so that the changes that will promote to GDP and Brazilian welfare will be modest, but positive. For future research, it may be suggested the incorporation of new crops and livestock to the scenarios, more regionalized studies on the impacts of future climate on agricultural productivity, and the adoption of dynamic economic models in the analysis of productivity shocks scenarios. / As mudanças climáticas irão impactar as produções agrícolas de maneiras distintas em cada região do mundo. Os impactos sobre culturas açucareiras (cana-de-açúcar e beterraba açucareira) provocarão mudanças na oferta de açúcar com consequentes mudanças econômicas nos países produtores. Para compreender efeitos dos choques de produtividade no setor sucroenergético e na economia brasileira (PIB e bem-estar) realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os impactos previstos nestas culturas para cenários de mudanças climáticas. Levantaram-se 21 trabalhos, divididos em 10 regiões do mundo de acordo com seus padrões de produção e consumo, que permitiram estabelecer três cenários de choques em produtividade, mínimo, médio e máximo, para cada região. Levantaram-se também choques de produtividade mínimos e máximos para as grandes culturas (trigo, milho, arroz e soja) com base em trabalhos divulgados pelo IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Para traduzir os choques de produtividade em retornos econômicos, foram simulados em um modelo econômico os três cenários de choques em produtividade sobre as culturas açucareiras, e outros seis cenários combinando tais choques aos choques em produtividade sobre as grandes culturas. O modelo econômico de equilíbrio geral computável GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) foi utilizado, considerando o ano base de 2011, para analisar os efeitos sobre o setor sucroenergético e sobre a economia brasileira. Observou-se que as mudanças climáticas tendem a promover ganhos de produtividade nas culturas açucareiras e na produção de açúcar de diversas regiões do globo. No caso do Brasil, os cenários de choques de produtividade sobre as grandes culturas e culturas açucareiras em conjunto promoveram ganhos de PIB e bem-estar pouco superiores aos cenários de choques somente nas culturas açucareiras. Os resultados sugerem que as mudanças climáticas pouco influenciarão os setores de cana-de-açúcar e açúcar do Brasil. A participação destes setores no PIB é pequena de forma que as variações que promoverão para o PIB e bem-estar brasileiro serão modestas, embora positivas. Para futuros trabalhos sugere-se a incorporação de novas culturas e da pecuária aos cenários, estudos mais regionalizados sobre os impactos do clima futuro nas produtividades agrícolas, e a adoção de modelos econômicos dinâmicos nas análises de cenários de choques de produtividade.