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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Enzyme profiling of a range of sugarcane tissue types with different levels of sucrose

Orendo-Smith, R. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesisa (MSc (Genetics. Plant Biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / The study had two main objectives: 1) to investigate specific enzyme activity profiles at various developmental stages and to determine possible implications for sucrose metabolism, 2) to incorporate enzyme activity data of different internodes to obtain a detailed model of every stage in the tissue maturation process. The most significant findings of the regulation of sucrose accumulation in this study are centred on three main point controls in sucrose metabolism pathway. Firstly, the maturation of sugarcane internodes coincided with an increase of SPS in most genotypes, and this underlines the key role of this enzyme in sucrose accumulation. Secondly, SuSy activity (cleavage reaction) correlated negatively with sucrose concentration and hence with tissue maturation process, in most of the varieties. This finding indicates that SuSy could well be implicated in sucrose metabolism. Thirdly, in vitro PFP activity was found to be negatively correlated to sucrose content in sugarcane varieties differing in amount of sucrose.
2

Avaliação nutricional da cana-de-açúcar submetida a métodos de colheita para produção animal / Nutritional evaluation of sugarcane (Saccharum ssp.) submitted to harvesting methods for animal production

Thiago, Rodrigo Dener Ribeiro Tabone 05 October 2009 (has links)
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a composição químico-bromatológica sobre a variedade de cana-de-açúcar IAC86-2480 submetida a três métodos de colheita. Os tratamentos corresponderam a três métodos de colheita: colheita manual (MAN), colheita mecanizada (MEC) e colheita mecanizada seguido de rebaixamento manual (MEC+MAN). O tratamento relativo ao corte manual foi efetuado na região do colo da planta, rente ao solo, com uso de podão.No caso do corte mecanizado, foi utilizada uma colhedora de forragem regulada para altura de corte de 20 cm. O terceiro tratamento foi aquele em que as plantas foram submetidas ao procedimento de corte mecanizado, e na seqüência, a porção remanescente do colmo (toco) foi cortada rente ao solo com o uso de podão. A área experimental (0,34 ha) foi constituída por seis blocos, com 3 parcelas cada. As parcelas eram formadas por 8 linhas de plantio com 15 m de comprimento em espaçamento entrelinhas de 1,3 m. Os perfilhos eram então separados em 3 frações: colmo, folha e planta inteira. Para a determinação da composição químico-bromatológica (PB, FDN, FDA, DVIVMS e MM) utilizou-se o método de espectroscopia de reflectância de infravermelho proximal (NIRS). O Brix foi determinado em refratômetro digital e a Pol a partir da leitura sacarimétrica do caldo. O Brix, a Pol, o teor de MS, PB, MM, FDN, FDA, DVIVMS, e as relações FDN/Pol e FDN/Brix foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. O Brix e a Pol apresentaram comportamento semelhante, revelando os maiores valores na fração colmo, onde também foram encontradas as menores relações FDN/Brix e FDN/Pol. O teor de MM das 3 frações estudadas apresentou oscilações durante o ciclo da cultura, com o maior valor observado na planta inteira aos 90 DAC (8,34%). O teor de PB revelou declínio ao longo do ciclo da cultura, com efeito menos pronunciado observado na fração folha. Do início das avaliações aos 90 DAC, houve decréscimo no teor de MS, atingindo seu menor valor nesta data (16,4%). A partir de então, a cultura apresentou aumento no teor de MS, atingindo 32,3% aos 360 DAC planta inteira. O teor de FDN apresentou queda de 34,8 unidades percentuais, do maior valor (79,7%) para o menor valor encontrado (44,9%) na planta inteira. Dos 90 aos 360 DAC, a DVIVMS aumentou 24,5 unidades percentuais, com média de 2,7 unidades percentuais/mês, atingindo então 66,2% de DVIVMS aos 360 DAC na planta inteira. O método de colheita imposto à variedade de cana-de-açúcar IAC86-2480 não influenciou a composição químico-bromatológica e a planta atingiu valor nutritivo elevado a partir de 270 DAC. O Brix do colmo revelou-se como estimador adequado das relações FDN/Pol e FDN/Brix da planta inteira, que mostraram-se satisfatórias como critério de avaliação nutricional da variedade IAC86- 2480. / The aim of this research was to study the chemical composition of a sugarcane variety (IAC86-2480) under three harvesting methods: manual harvesting (MAN), mechanical harvesting (MEC) and mechanical harvesting followed by manual (MEC + MAN). In manual harvesting (MAN) plants were harvested to ground level, using a cutter. In the case of mechanical harvest, the harvester (adjusted for a cutting height of 20 cm) was pulled by a tractor. For mechanical harvesting followed by manual (MEC+MAN) the same procedures for MEC were followed, however, after cutting, the remaining stalks were cut to ground level with a cutter. The experimental units (0.34 ha) was composed of six blocks, with 3 plots each. The plots were formed by 8 rows with 15 m length spaced by 1.3 m. The tillers were then separated into 3 fractions: stem, leaf and whole plant. To determine the chemical composition (CP, NDF, ADF, IVDDM and Ash) dried samples were scanned through the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique (NIRS). The Brix was determined by digital light refractometer and the Pol was determined based on the predicted sacarose from the plant juice. The Brix, the Pol, the content of DM, CP, Ash, NDF, ADF, IVDDM, and the relationships NDF/Pol and NDF/Brix were similar (P>0.05) across all treatments. The Brix and Pol showed similar trends, with the highest value observed in the stem fraction, where the lowest NDF/Pol and NDF/Brix ratios were also observed. The Ash content, of the 3 fractions studied, showed a range of altered values during the crop cycle, reaching the maximum value (8.34%) at 90 DAH (days after harvesting). The mean content of CP declined across the maturity stages studied, with less pronounced effect observed in the leaf fraction. From the beginning of the assessments to the 90 DAH, there was a decrease in the DM content, reaching its lowest (16.4%). Further, the crop tended to increase the DM content, reaching 32.3% for the whole plant at 360 DAH. The content of NDF showed a decrease of 34.8 percentage units, from the highest value (79.7%) to the lowest value found (44.9%) in the whole plant. From d-90 to d-360 DAH, the IVDDM increased 24.5 percentage units, with an average of 2.7 percentage units per month, reaching 66.2% of IVDDM at 360 DAH, in the whole plant. The method of harvesting applied to the variety of sugarcane IAC86-2480 did not affect its chemical composition and the whole plant reached its high standard of nutritive value after 270 DAH. The Brix from the stem was a appropriate predictor of the NDF/Brix and NDF/Pol from the whole plant, which in turn, became reliable criteria for nutritional analysis from the variety IAC86-2480.
3

Avaliação nutricional da cana-de-açúcar submetida a métodos de colheita para produção animal / Nutritional evaluation of sugarcane (Saccharum ssp.) submitted to harvesting methods for animal production

Rodrigo Dener Ribeiro Tabone Thiago 05 October 2009 (has links)
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a composição químico-bromatológica sobre a variedade de cana-de-açúcar IAC86-2480 submetida a três métodos de colheita. Os tratamentos corresponderam a três métodos de colheita: colheita manual (MAN), colheita mecanizada (MEC) e colheita mecanizada seguido de rebaixamento manual (MEC+MAN). O tratamento relativo ao corte manual foi efetuado na região do colo da planta, rente ao solo, com uso de podão.No caso do corte mecanizado, foi utilizada uma colhedora de forragem regulada para altura de corte de 20 cm. O terceiro tratamento foi aquele em que as plantas foram submetidas ao procedimento de corte mecanizado, e na seqüência, a porção remanescente do colmo (toco) foi cortada rente ao solo com o uso de podão. A área experimental (0,34 ha) foi constituída por seis blocos, com 3 parcelas cada. As parcelas eram formadas por 8 linhas de plantio com 15 m de comprimento em espaçamento entrelinhas de 1,3 m. Os perfilhos eram então separados em 3 frações: colmo, folha e planta inteira. Para a determinação da composição químico-bromatológica (PB, FDN, FDA, DVIVMS e MM) utilizou-se o método de espectroscopia de reflectância de infravermelho proximal (NIRS). O Brix foi determinado em refratômetro digital e a Pol a partir da leitura sacarimétrica do caldo. O Brix, a Pol, o teor de MS, PB, MM, FDN, FDA, DVIVMS, e as relações FDN/Pol e FDN/Brix foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. O Brix e a Pol apresentaram comportamento semelhante, revelando os maiores valores na fração colmo, onde também foram encontradas as menores relações FDN/Brix e FDN/Pol. O teor de MM das 3 frações estudadas apresentou oscilações durante o ciclo da cultura, com o maior valor observado na planta inteira aos 90 DAC (8,34%). O teor de PB revelou declínio ao longo do ciclo da cultura, com efeito menos pronunciado observado na fração folha. Do início das avaliações aos 90 DAC, houve decréscimo no teor de MS, atingindo seu menor valor nesta data (16,4%). A partir de então, a cultura apresentou aumento no teor de MS, atingindo 32,3% aos 360 DAC planta inteira. O teor de FDN apresentou queda de 34,8 unidades percentuais, do maior valor (79,7%) para o menor valor encontrado (44,9%) na planta inteira. Dos 90 aos 360 DAC, a DVIVMS aumentou 24,5 unidades percentuais, com média de 2,7 unidades percentuais/mês, atingindo então 66,2% de DVIVMS aos 360 DAC na planta inteira. O método de colheita imposto à variedade de cana-de-açúcar IAC86-2480 não influenciou a composição químico-bromatológica e a planta atingiu valor nutritivo elevado a partir de 270 DAC. O Brix do colmo revelou-se como estimador adequado das relações FDN/Pol e FDN/Brix da planta inteira, que mostraram-se satisfatórias como critério de avaliação nutricional da variedade IAC86- 2480. / The aim of this research was to study the chemical composition of a sugarcane variety (IAC86-2480) under three harvesting methods: manual harvesting (MAN), mechanical harvesting (MEC) and mechanical harvesting followed by manual (MEC + MAN). In manual harvesting (MAN) plants were harvested to ground level, using a cutter. In the case of mechanical harvest, the harvester (adjusted for a cutting height of 20 cm) was pulled by a tractor. For mechanical harvesting followed by manual (MEC+MAN) the same procedures for MEC were followed, however, after cutting, the remaining stalks were cut to ground level with a cutter. The experimental units (0.34 ha) was composed of six blocks, with 3 plots each. The plots were formed by 8 rows with 15 m length spaced by 1.3 m. The tillers were then separated into 3 fractions: stem, leaf and whole plant. To determine the chemical composition (CP, NDF, ADF, IVDDM and Ash) dried samples were scanned through the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique (NIRS). The Brix was determined by digital light refractometer and the Pol was determined based on the predicted sacarose from the plant juice. The Brix, the Pol, the content of DM, CP, Ash, NDF, ADF, IVDDM, and the relationships NDF/Pol and NDF/Brix were similar (P>0.05) across all treatments. The Brix and Pol showed similar trends, with the highest value observed in the stem fraction, where the lowest NDF/Pol and NDF/Brix ratios were also observed. The Ash content, of the 3 fractions studied, showed a range of altered values during the crop cycle, reaching the maximum value (8.34%) at 90 DAH (days after harvesting). The mean content of CP declined across the maturity stages studied, with less pronounced effect observed in the leaf fraction. From the beginning of the assessments to the 90 DAH, there was a decrease in the DM content, reaching its lowest (16.4%). Further, the crop tended to increase the DM content, reaching 32.3% for the whole plant at 360 DAH. The content of NDF showed a decrease of 34.8 percentage units, from the highest value (79.7%) to the lowest value found (44.9%) in the whole plant. From d-90 to d-360 DAH, the IVDDM increased 24.5 percentage units, with an average of 2.7 percentage units per month, reaching 66.2% of IVDDM at 360 DAH, in the whole plant. The method of harvesting applied to the variety of sugarcane IAC86-2480 did not affect its chemical composition and the whole plant reached its high standard of nutritive value after 270 DAH. The Brix from the stem was a appropriate predictor of the NDF/Brix and NDF/Pol from the whole plant, which in turn, became reliable criteria for nutritional analysis from the variety IAC86-2480.

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