Darbe pristatomi šiuolaikiniai prietarai, kurie yra būdingi Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto (VDU) lietuvių ir užsienio studentų bendruomenėms. Pagrindinis darbo objektas – studentų prietarai susiję su pasisekimu ar nepasisekimu egzaminų (atsiskaitymų) metu. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti, kokius pagrindinius prietarus, praktikas ar turimus objektus, susijusius su pasisekimu ar nepasisekimu egzaminų metu, turi šiuolaikiniai lietuvių ir užsienio studentai. Kita vertus, siekiama išsiaiškinti pačių studentų požiūrį į jų atliekamus veiksmus ar turimus objektus. Darbas paremtas 2006 metų pavasarį bei 2008 metų pavasarį autorės surinkta medžiaga, kada pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodu (naudojant klausimynus) buvo apklausta 100 lietuvių ir 30 užsienio studentų studijuojančių VDU. Surinkti duomenys buvo sisteminti tipologiškai. Darbe aptariami įvairūs studentų turimi amuletai, pranašiški ženklai ar atliekami veiksmai, kurie įtakoja būsimus įvykius. Norint išvengti įtakos respondentų atsakymams, prietaro bei tikėjimo sąvokos klausimyne nenaudotos. Prietaro sąvoka buvo pradėta vartoti surinktos medžiagos sisteminimo eigoje, kada paaiškėjo, kad tik penktadalis šiuolaikinių lietuvių studentų nuoširdžiai tiki tuo, ką atlieka, ar tuo, ką turi. Pagrindinė sąvoka prietaras šiame darbe yra daugiau suprantama kaip neracionalus praeities požiūrių reliktas. Tačiau tarp studentų egzistuoja ir individualūs, kartais psichologinio pobūdžio prietarai, kurie yra arba, laikui bėgant, taip pat gali... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The research deals with contemporary superstitions in the Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) lithuanian and foreign students’ community. The main object of this investigation is students` superstitions that are related with success or failure during examinations. The purpose of this research is to analyze what kind of basic superstitions, non rational actions or objects nowadays lithuanian and foreign students use, that are related with success and failure during examinations, has dominion over nowadays students. On the other hand, to elucidate students opinions to the actions have been done or convictions they have. The work is based on the material that was gathered during the spring 2006 and during the spring 2008 when 100 of VDU lithuanian and 30 foreign students were quizzed by a partly structured interview (using questionnaires); The gathered data is systematized typologically. Various kinds of students’ amulets, fateful signals, and doings that influence forthcoming events are talked. In pursuance to avoid influence on the respondent answer, the concept superstition or belief was not used in the questionnaire. The concept superstition is started to use during systematizing the material when became clear that only the fifth part of nowadays students stated that they sincerely believe in the actions they do or the objects they have. The main concept superstition in this work is perceived as non rational relic of some standpoints of the past. On the other hand, some... [to full text]

Thèse (M.A.) -- Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr.: f. [166]-169. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Η παρούσα έρευνα είναι ένα μέρος ενός ευρύτερου μη χρηματοδοτούμενου ερευνητικού προγράμματος με επιστημονικό υπεύθυνο τον καθηγητή Κº Παντελή Γεωργογιάννη και κύριος σκοπός της είναι να διαπιστώσουμε το πόσο επηρεάζει η καταγωγή ενός προσώπου στην αντιμετώπισή του από τους άλλους και ειδικότερα το βαθμό συμπάθειας ή αντιπάθειας που τρέφουν οι άλλοι απέναντί του, σύμφωνα με τη θεωρία των συγκινήσεων. Η έρευνα αυτή πραγματοποιείται σε μαθητές Γυμνασίου σχολείου και στόχο έχει να δείξει την έξαρση του φαινομένου του ρατσισμού στα σχολεία. / The present work is a part of an extended not-sponsored research program with scientific representative and responsible for this program professor Pantelis Georgogiannis. The main aim of the program is to confirm how much someone’s origin may influence people’s behavior towards him. Specifically it aims to distinguish the grade of sympathy and antipathy, according to the theory of emotion. The survey was carried out realized on secondary school students (age 13-15) and its target is to show the extent of racism in schools.

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Reproduction health means ability to become pregnant, bear the full term and give birth to a healthy child. Every woman is responsible for her care for reproduction health. Health is also closely connected with love for family. Family is very important for Romani people as it is a source of power and deep roots and satisfies life necessities of its members. The thesis titled Romani Women and Reproduction Health deals mainly with the issues of reproduction health of Romani women which includes family planning of Romani women, pregnant Romani women, abortion, childbirth, contraception and also climacteric and preventive screening mammography. The issues connected with reproduction health are quite serious as preventive medical examinations are essential for subsequent treatment when a disease is diagnosed. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether or not there is any education in the area of family planning of Romani women; whether or not Romani women plan their parenthood; whether or not family planning is affected by the traditional Romani family pattern; at what age they give their first birth; whether or not Romani women undergo preventive gynaecological examinations; whether or not Romani women are informed about vaccination against uterine suppository cancer; and whether or not Romani women use hormonal substitution therapy during their climacteric. The hypotheses below were defined for these aims. The aim of the first hypothesis was to verify that there is no education in the area of family planning of Romani women. The hypothesis was verified by a questionnaire and its subsequent statistical evaluation. The aim of the second hypothesis was to verify that Romani women plan their pregnancy but this hypothesis was not verified. The aim of the third hypothesis was to verify that family planning of Romani women is affected by the traditional Romani family pattern which was not verified. The aim of the fourth hypothesis was to verify that Romani women give their first birth at the age of 17 or so. This hypothesis was verified by a questionnaire and its subsequent statistical evaluation. The aim of the fifth hypothesis was to verify that Romani women undergo preventive gynaecological examinations. This hypothesis was verified. The aim of the sixth hypothesis was to verify that Romani women are not informed about vaccination against uterine suppository cancer. This hypothesis was not verified. The aim of the seventh hypothesis was to verify that Romani women do not use hormonal replacement therapy during their climacteric. This hypothesis was verified. There were four research questions defined for a qualitative check. The first question concerned the fact how the lower socioeconomic status of Romani families affects the number of children being born. The second research question concerned the most frequent gynaecological diseases occurring of Romani women. The third question concerned the issues connected with pregnancy of Romani women. The fourth question concerned the fact whether or not Romani women let their daughters be vaccinated against uterine suppository cancer. The results of the research questions show that the informants did not have problems to become pregnant; when they had health problems during pregnancy they went to hospital to avoid complications; their lower socioeconomic status does not have any impact on the number of children in Romani families; five informants out of nine did not have any gynaecological problems; all Romani informants are informed about vaccination against uterine suppository cancer; and only three women out of nine would not let their daughters be vaccinated. A combination of quantitative and qualitative checks was used for the practical part of the thesis. A non-standardized interview and a questionnaire were used as the data collection technique. The research group consisted of Romani women of all age categories from České Budějovice.

The topic of this thesis is "Child and childhood in Vietnam". It focuses on the prenatal and the early period of childhood. The thesis uses a cultural anthropological point of view which emphasizes superstitious or taboo behaviour associated with the time of birth - pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and child care. For the purposes of the thesis, the research was conducted in the north-east urban areas of Northern Vietnam. Since the myths, taboos and rituals tends to change, develop or even perish, it was necessary to limit the topic in terms of time. Therefore the work studies only three generations of Vietnamese women over a sixty-year period. The thesis is based not only on relevant literature but also on the field research conducted in Vietnam. The interviews and unobtrusive observation carried out among involved women extend the information gained from literature and also provide the women's personal point of view on childbirth and early childcare issues. The main objective is to answer how much the so-called "child's world" has changed in the three-generation period and to what extent the rituals, myths and taboos are still relevant to current issues in contemporary Vietnam. Key words: Vietnam, children, childhood, Vietnamese family, birth, child care, taboo, rituals, superstitions.

The degree work deals with the present attitude of Romanies to death and dying, and especially the Romany funeral. The work aim is the reflexion on the Romany perspective of death and dying including their special characteristics (customs, rituals, traditions) in view of these days. The work is divided into four chapters, in which theoretical and practical knowledge is entwined and complemented. The first three chapters dwell on death, life after death and funeral rituals in general, and further on Romany history connected to their death and dying and contemporary Romany funeral traditions, including Romany faith in afterlife and spirits of the dead. The last chapter of the degree work summarizes the knowledge of the previous three chapters, and it is the very mentioned reflexion of the attitude of Romanies to death and dying.

MAAS (Xitsonga) / Ehansi ka Sentara ya M. E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshila na Ndhavuko / This research describes and discusses the superstitions which are on the verge of dying out in Zimbabwe. The aim of this study is to explore various animals and birds superstitions predominantly among Machangana. The researcher shall use a qualitative method and data shall be attained through the use of interviews and the researcher will listen to and sometimes converse with the participants in a conducive manner. The researcher shall gather birds and animals superstitions from old people who are fifty years and above because they are experienced and well versed in that area. This research targets the people of N’wanedzi District that is located in the South Eastern part of Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the total number of participants shall be fifteen and shall be randomly sampled to attain authentic information and the method of the data analysis which shall be used is thematic qualitative analysis where the researcher shall use his own discretions. The study shall be of great use to the schools, higher and tertiary institutions and the entire society.

This thesis is a study of factory owner Abraham Abrahamson Hülphers’s collections of parish description about the parishes in Norrland, more specifically those about Medelpad and Ångermanland. The thesis seeks to explain how Hülphers’s collections were created in practice while also presenting the descriptions content and analysing the ideology it reproduced. It does so by analysing Hülphers’s published descriptions, his travel journal and some of his correspondence. The thesis uses Mary Louise Pratts ideas about the imperial gaze as a theoretical framework to understand the work of Hülphers and the relation between the enlightened middle class and the peasantry which they described. The thesis investigates the idea of the parish descriptions understood as Hülphers travel journal reworked, arguing that Hülphers journey through Norrland was important for social reasons, rather than information gathering, and presenting the collections as new texts, not transformed versions of the journal. Furthermore the thesis discusses who helped Hülphers create the descriptions and the impact these men, from the same enlightened middle class as Hülphers himself, had on the text. The thesis also handles the economic ideology of the enlightenment as mirrored and reproduced by the descriptions. Here the focus lies on the priorities of the parishes different lines of work and the boundless optimism of enlightenment man – as nature could be conquered completely by man’s reason. Finally the thesis discusses the way Hülphers described the local culture; what he considered to be virtues and vices in the peasant population in terms of habits, language and dress, also showing the great value he considered the local dignitaries to have and discussing his disdain towards the superstitions of old as these could lead a community towards chaos.