Bisher sind die Planungsebenen des Supply Chain Management (SCM) konzeptionell, personell und softwaretechnologisch getrennt und oft hierarchisch organisiert. Geschäftsprozesse definieren die Übergänge von und Rückkopplung zwischen Ebenen grober, strategisch/ taktischer Planung und Ebenen feiner, operationaler Planung. Diese Trennung führt zu konzeptionellen, prozessualen und temporalen sowie zu systemtechnischen Defiziten im Supply Chain Planning (SCP). Kerngedanken des neuen Konzepts sind, alle heute üblichen Planungsebenen vollständig auf das operative Modell zu gründen die neuen Softwaresysteme vollständig im RAM zu verankern sowie mit neuen Nutzeroberflächen auszustatten, die den Aspekt der virtuellen Aggregation und Disaggregation der Daten zur Laufzeit befördern. Durch die Ergebnisse der Arbeit wird das den Stand der Technik darstellende Paradigma der sequenziellen, hierarchischen Planung verändert zu einem Konzept einer jederzeit ausführbaren (Anytime) Planung, welche Planungsergebnisse innerhalb sehr kurzer Antwortzeiten (Real-Time) liefert. Durch die schnellen Antworten können zudem ganz neue interaktive, simulationsbasierte Planungsprozesse anstelle bisheriger batchorientierter Prozesse eingeführt werden. Es werden Vorteile gegenüber dem alten Konzept und die praktische Machbarkeit anhand von Softwarefallstudien bewertet.

Firms in many sectors have achieved significant economies by taking advantages of opportunities made possible by innovation in trucking logistics. Transportation usually represents the single most important component in trucking logistics costs for most firms. Transportation costs are particularly important to the corrugated container industry. Averaging an estimated 12 to 20% of total costs, transportation costs are a vital factor in the geographical scope of the markets producer can serve in addition to affecting the prices of production inputs and outputs. A natural question for the corrugated container industry is how improvements in the trucking logistics impacts a firms overall operating rate. The literature contains very little information on the relative costs and benefits of alternative logistic operations, including outsourcing, long term contracts, and private carrier. This research seeks to identify practices in trucking logistics that box plants might utilize to obtain materials and disburse products more economically.

This dissertation consists of two parts with two different topics. In the first part, we investigate ``Load-Share Model" for modeling dependency among components in a multi-component system. Systems, where the components share the total applied load, are often referred to as load sharing systems. Such systems can arise in software reliability models and in multivariate failure-time models in biostatistics, for example (see Kvam and Pena (2002)). When it comes to load-share model, the most interesting component is the underlying principle that dictates how failure rates of surviving components change after some components in the system fail. This kind of principle depends mostly on the reliability application and how the components within the system interact through the reliability structure function. Until now, research involving load-share models have emphasized the characterization of system reliability under a known load-share rule. Methods for reliability analysis based on unknown load-share rules have not been fully developed. So, in the first part of this dissertation, 1) we model the dependence between system components through a load-share framework, with the load-sharing rule containing unknown parameters and 2) we derive methods for statistical inference on unknown load-share parameters based on maximum likelihood estimation. In the second half of this thesis, we extend the existing uncertain supply literature to a case where the supply uncertainty dwells in the logistics operations. Of primary interest in this study is to determine the optimal order amount for the retailer given uncertainty in the supply-chain's logistics network due to unforeseeable disruption or various types of defects (e.g., shipping damage, missing parts and misplaced products). Mixture distribution models characterize problems from solitary failures and contingent events causing network to function ineffectively. The uncertainty in the number of good products successfully reaching the distribution center and retailer poses a challenge in deciding product-order amounts. Because the commonly used ordering plan developed for maximizing expected profits does not allow retailers to address concerns about contingencies, this research proposes two improved procedures with risk-averse characteristics towards low probability and high impact events.

With greater calls for environmental protection worldwide, countries have implemented rules such as RoHS, EuP, WEEE and REACH to regulate components of product materials and chemicals. Taiwanese firms should actively promote environmental protection and coordinate suppliers in various regions so as to improve green supply chain performance given that firms in supply chain are located around the world. This study, using qualitative interview, interviewed 7 leading Taiwanese companies that actively promote green supply chain and listed integration and coordination mechanisms often used. Integration and coordination of green supply chain used in Taiwan included: (1) setting up units responsible for promoting greening; (2) holding supplier meeting; (3) audit system of suppliers; (4) establishment of inter-departmental unit; (5) training for suppliers; (6) assisting suppliers; and (7) setting up information-sharing system. Location in supply chain, supply chain relationship and industry sectors determine uses and varieties of integration and coordination of green supply chain. They are as follows: 1.Location in supply chain: downstream firms have more and often use integration and coordination of green supply chain than upstream ones. 2.Supply chain relationship: central factories have more and often use integration and coordination of green supply chain than satellite ones. 3.Industry sectors: emerging strategic industries have more and often use integration and coordination of green supply chain than traditional ones.

In a single duct variable air volume (SDVAV) system, the supply air temperature is usually set as a constant value. Since this constant setpoint is selected to satisfy the maximum cooling load conditions, significant reheat will occur once the airflow reaches the minimum and the heating load increases. Resetting the supply air temperature (SAT) higher during the heating season can reduce the reheat. However, air flow will increase when the SAT is higher which consume extra fan power. Therefore, to minimize the total operating cost of a SDVAV system, the supply air temperature is typically reset based on outside air temperature (OAT) with a linear reset schedule. However, the linear reset schedule is often determined based on the engineer’s experience and it may not represent the optimal reset schedule for each building. This thesis documents a study to determine the optimized supply air temperature reset schedule for SDVAV systems and analyzes the influencing factors under different operation scenarios. The study was divided into five main sections. The first section introduces the research background and objective. Literature review is documented after the introduction. The third section describes the methodology used in this study and the fourth section develops an in-depth discussion and analysis of the impact of the key influencing factors: minimum air flow ratio; ratio of exterior zone area to total floor area (i.e., exterior area ratio); internal load and the prices of the electricity; the cooling and the heating energy. The simulation results using EnergyPlus Version 2.1.0 for various operation scenarios are investigated in this section. The last section is a conclusion of the whole study. The optimized supply air temperature can be set with respect to the OAT. The study found that instead of a simple linear relationship, the optimal reset schedule has several distinctive segments. Moreover, it is found that the optimal supply air temperature reset schedule should be modified with the change of operation conditions (e.g., different minimum flow ratios and internal loads). Minimum air flow ratio has a significant impact on energy consumption in a SDVAV system. Exterior area ratio determines zone load distribution and will change system load indirectly. For buildings with small internal load, a more aggressive supply air temperature reset tactic can be implemented. In addition, the cost of electricity, cooling and heating energy can determine which end use energy (i.e., reheat energy and fan power) should take the priority.

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Due to the development of business process reengineering¡]BPR¡^ and Internet, global logistics management and supply chain management¡]SCM¡^ have been unresistible trend for companies. Supply chain is a complex hierarchical network which links members from upstream to downstream industries. Enterprise can improve process through these linkages to cut down cost or shorten its response time to market. As the scope of inter-organizational activities enlarges, there exist many uncertainty factors in the supply chain network. The existence of such factor not only reduces the performance of supply chain as a whole but also the competitive advantage of individual companies in the supply chain. In other words, understanding and controlling SCM uncertainty factors will mitigate their deleterious impact. The concern of past research only addressed a single dimension of supply chain uncertainty, which is either focused upon production process on the manufacturing side or upon product characteristics on the demand side. This research proposed supply chain uncertainty constructs including demand, manufacturing, and supply aspects, which was based upon the perspective of leading company in a supply chain.This set of constructs was based upon literature survey and examination of focus group formed by academic and industry experts. Exploratory factor analysis was called upon to find out representative factors and correlation analysis was conducted to verify independence of the constructs. The research results indicated that channel, product characteristics, demand forcast, and demand change were included in demand uncertainty. Especially, the channel construct is the most representative one. In the supply aspect, supplier¡¦s ability, type of procurement, material characteristics and stable relationship with suppliers were included in supply uncertainty. Especially, the supplier¡¦s ability is the most representative. In the manufacturing aspect, product complexity, process complexity and engineering change were included in manufacturing uncertainty. Especially, the product complexity construct is the most representative one. This research has established supply chain uncertainty factors. It will be helpful for companies using this scale to evaluate their uncertainty situations. Comparision among heterogeneous industries is also possible because this scale can be applied to discover their differences.

With the advent of Internet, On-line intermediaries have put tremendous pressures on traditional intermediaries which might be disintermediated without resort to information technology. The IDR model was thus to bring about the interpretation how traditional intermediaries could regain their competitive advantage by utilizing co-specialized assets and information technology. Office supply is the domain of this research. Through observation of on-line office stationary suppliers and interviews with domain experts, the factors for constructing reintermediation strategies of traditional channel are as follows: 1. The business model of office supply. 2. The characteristics of office stationery procurement. 3. The co-specialized assets of traditional office supplies. These three factors lead to development of questionnaire in the Delphi method implemented in this research. Based upon the expert opinions from the Delphi method and the review of business model implemented by the domestic on-line stationary suppliers, this research proposed a business model with feature of domestic industry characteristics. The reintermediation strategies proposed in this research have addressed the development of e-commerce solution and the support of customer service. The traditional office stationary distributors might team up with other suppliers and information technology companies to develop a B2B e-commerce solution. As for the customer service, they could provide inventory management for enterprise users based upon their distinctive co-specialized assets. Furthermore, a development of procurement software for office supplies is necessary because it automates the procurement process and facilitates the vender managed inventory service.

Nowadays, due to the dynamic changes in global market, the enterprise¡¥s competition was not any more ¡§ enterprise to enterprise ¡§and will be ¡§supply chain to supply chain¡¨. Therefore, the visibility and efficiency of the supply chain management are more and more important under the global economic system. Under the globalization age of the knowledge economic, the knowledge will be quickly acquired and effectively control that is one of the route to create the value and to master the advantage of the competition for enterprise. The supply chain management how to integrate knowledge management has become an irresistible for the development of supply chain management Accordingly, this research intends to construct an relationship model for appling supply chain management to integrate knowledge and enterprise management performance. After that , then we analyzing the impact of supply chain management to integrate knowledge management on enterprise management performance by case study. According to the study, we find there will be more efficient for supply chain management when the enterprise applies supply chain management to integrate knowledge management. To use this model, the enterprise , customer and supplier will establish a good partnership and information sharing frame to response to customer requirement promptly. The enterprise will have a management performance. The supply chain management integrates knowledge management, besides improving the efficiency of supply chain management, also representing the value of knowledge management.

This thesis proposes an uninterruptible power supply, UPS for high availability servers with fuel cells as its back up energy source. The system comprises a DC to DC converter designed to accommodate the fuel cellâ s wide output voltage range. A server power supply is specified, designed and simulated for use with this UPS. The UPS interfaces internal to the server power supply, instead of providing standard AC power. This topology affords enhanced protection from faults and increases overall efficiency of the system by removing power conversions. The UPS is simulated with the designed power supply to demonstrate its effectiveness.