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With greater calls for environmental protection worldwide, countries have implemented rules such as RoHS, EuP, WEEE and REACH to regulate components of product materials and chemicals. Taiwanese firms should actively promote environmental protection and coordinate suppliers in various regions so as to improve green supply chain performance given that firms in supply chain are located around the world. This study, using qualitative interview, interviewed 7 leading Taiwanese companies that actively promote green supply chain and listed integration and coordination mechanisms often used. Integration and coordination of green supply chain used in Taiwan included: (1) setting up units responsible for promoting greening; (2) holding supplier meeting; (3) audit system of suppliers; (4) establishment of inter-departmental unit; (5) training for suppliers; (6) assisting suppliers; and (7) setting up information-sharing system. Location in supply chain, supply chain relationship and industry sectors determine uses and varieties of integration and coordination of green supply chain. They are as follows: 1.Location in supply chain: downstream firms have more and often use integration and coordination of green supply chain than upstream ones. 2.Supply chain relationship: central factories have more and often use integration and coordination of green supply chain than satellite ones. 3.Industry sectors: emerging strategic industries have more and often use integration and coordination of green supply chain than traditional ones.

Due to the environmental regulations and acts proposed and initiated by EU, enterprises have to take the impact on the environment into account. As such, they need to standardize suppliers¡¦ production process and management mechanism in their supply chain to lower the impact of their products and production process to the environment. As a result, how to establish suppliers¡¦ awareness of environmental concept and share the knowledge of green product production and related environmental management practices have become the key issue about green supply chain management. This study uses case study method, and seven enterprises which perform well in environmental protection are interviewed. After analysis, there are seven issues are found in this study: 1. Environmental acts in the local markets have positive influence on the implementation of green supply management by global enterprises. 2. The more customization and modularized the product of enterprise is, the more they enhance their green supply management, in order to respond to environmental acts. 3. The emphasis on environmental acts will assist the long-term and cooperative relationship between enterprises and their suppliers. 4. The emphasis on environmental acts will affect positively the collaborative innovation of green supply management. 5. The relationship between enterprises and their suppliers will influence the types of sharing knowledge in green supply management. 5-1. When enterprises and their suppliers have short-term and contractual relationship, they tend to share only explicit knowledge. 5-2. When enterprises and their suppliers have long-term and cooperative relationship, they tend to share explicit and implicit knowledge. 6. The more innovative the products of enterprises, which also have the characteristic of an assembly plant and a system manufacturer in the supply chain, the more likely they play a leading and transferring role in the knowledge sharing of green supply management. 7. The relationship between enterprises and their suppliers, as well as types of shared knowledge, will impact the construction of knowledge sharing and the installation of the controlling (auditing) mechanism of green supply management. 7-1. When enterprises and their suppliers have short-term, contractual relationship, they tend to establish only basic and explicit knowledge sharing mechanism. 7-2. When enterprises and their suppliers have long-term, cooperative relationship, they tend to use more resources and build a comprehensive knowledge sharing mechanism, but have a more restrict controlling (auditing) mechanism as well.

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a relação dos níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental com a intensidade da adoção de práticas de Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), por meio de um framework integrador desses dois conceitos e de evidências oriundas de múltiplos casos. Os fatores que motivaram a concepção de tal objetivo são: a inexistência, até o momento, de um framework integrador entre níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental e práticas de GSCM; a ausência de estudos similares da relação maturidade da gestão ambiental-GSCM com empresas localizadas em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil; e, por fim, analisar a aderência desse framework integrador a empresas pertencentes a setores que tenham alto impacto ambiental antrópico. Para o alcance do objetivo, foi realizada uma sistematização junto à literatura que versa sobre maturidade de gestão ambiental, tipologia das práticas de GSCM, obtendo-se um conjunto mais amplo de práticas de GSCM, e um framework integrador original, aqui chamado de \"Níveis de maturidade em GSCM\". Para verificar sua aderência a situações práticas, foram analisados cinco casos inseridos em cadeias de suprimentos com alto impacto ambiental, sendo que duas empresas são pertencentes a cadeias de suprimentos de pilhas e baterias, duas empresas pertencentes a cadeia de defensivos agrícolas e uma empresa pertencente à cadeia automotiva. Verificou-se que das cinco empresas analisadas: (a) uma empresa adotava poucas práticas de GSCM motivada pelo cumprimento da legislação ambiental restritiva; (b) uma empresa adotava um número médio de práticas de GSCM, principalmente as ligadas ao retorno de investimentos, motivada pela redução de custos; (c) e três empresas adotavam um número elevado de práticas de GSCM, tendo em comum a adoção de práticas de GSCM dos tipos gestão ambiental interna, redução de resíduos e minimização de riscos e comunicacionais, motivadas pela obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Verificou-se, simultaneamente, a aderência do framework integrador proposto à luz dos casos anteriormente citados, tendo se mostrado sensível para avaliar flutuações entre os níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental e a adoção das práticas de GSCM, cumprindo sua função original e obtendo-se a seguinte classificação de níveis de maturidade em GSCM: (a) o primeiro, nível reativo em GSCM com baixa adoção de práticas de GSCM motivadas por restrições legais; (b) o segundo, nível preventivo em GSCM, com média adoção de práticas de GSCM, principalmente relacionadas a diminuição de custos; (c) e o terceiro, nível proativo em GSCM, onde há a busca por obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Revelou-se, adicionalmente, que tende a existir um padrão na adoção de práticas de GSCM por parte das empresas, vinculado a cada nível de maturidade em GSCM. Acredita-se que esse padrão evolutivo de GSCM pode ser usado por dirigentes organizacionais ou por gestores públicos para fomentar a adoção de práticas de GSCM. Este trabalho, até onde é de conhecimento do autor e até onde revelam buscas sistemáticas realizadas junto aos portais Web of Science e Scopus, é a primeira pesquisa a relacionar níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental a práticas de GSCM, aplicada a cinco casos com alto impacto ambiental do Brasil. / The objective of this work is to identify the relationship between maturity levels of environmental management with the intensity of adoption of practices of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), through the proposal of an integrative framework of these two concepts and a multiple case study. The factors that motivated the design of this goal are: the absence so far of an integrative framework between maturity levels in environmental management and GSCM practices; the scarcity of similar studies of the relationship of environmental maturity GSCM with companies located in developing countries, such as Brazil; and, finally, analyze the adherence of this integrative framework to companies belonging to sectors that have high environmental impact. To achieve the goal, a deep literature review was performed with the literature dealing with environmental management maturity, GSCM practices, obtaining a broader set of GSCM practices, and a unique integrative framework, here called \"Levels of maturity on GSCM\". To verify its adherence to the real world, five cases were analyzed in supply chains with high environmental impact. It was found that: (a) a company few had adopted GSCM practices motivated by compliance with strict environmental legislation; (b) a company had adopted an average number of GSCM practices, especially those relating to investment returns, driven by cost saving; (c) and three companies had adopted a large number of GSCM practices, having in common the adoption of GSCM practices types of internal environmental management, waste reduction and risk minimization and communication, motivated by obtaining competitive advantages. It was found a sensitive framework with the following classification levels of maturity on GSCM: (a) the first, reactive level GSCM with low adoption of GSCM practices motivated by legal restrictions; (b) the second level (preventive) GSCM, mean adopting GSCM practices, primarily related to saving costs; (c) and the third, (proactive) level in GSCM, where there is the search for competitive advantages. Additionally it was found a kind of pattern in the adoption of GSCM practices by firms, linked to each level of maturity in GSCM. It is believed that this evolutionary pattern of GSCM can be used by organizational leaders or public officials to foster the adoption of GSCM practices. This work, so far as is known to the author and to reveal where systematic searches conducted with the Web of Science and Scopus data bases, is the first study to relate maturity levels of environmental management practices of GSCM, applied to five cases with high impact environmental Brazil.

Reverse logistics has become a part of many governmental agendas in developed countries. It offers enormous opportunities in reducing the negative impact on the environment from industrialization and the enormous quantities of waste produced by industry and households, as well as saving material resources. The recovery of used products and materials is receiving growing attention as a result of limited landfill and incineration capacity. However, the evolution of reverse logistics initiatives in developing countries is relatively slow, indicating that there are still huge obstacles and concerns that need to be explored. The main aim of this study is to investigate the reverse logistics practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The key forces of reverse logistics in more developed countries are compared with those in the KSA context. In particular, the current legislative framework and reverse logistics operations are evaluated against best practices in order to identify opportunities for KSA industries to improve their reverse logistics operations. For this purpose, qualitative research using a case study approach has been designed to collect data from different government agencies and thirteen organizations in KSA. These organizations were drawn from the oil, petrochemical and metal processing industries, all of which provide potential for the closed loop supply chain applications which are widely practiced outside KSA. Secondary data collection, direct observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to facilitate comparison with the literature. A conceptual framework was developed from the literature. A template analysis approach was employed to analyze the gathered data. The framework was then applied to the research context to establish an overall view of the reverse logistics process as well as the key forces that influence the implementation of reverse logistics in KSA. The results revealed that the implementation of reverse logistics in KSA is at an early stage, with the exception of the oil processing industry. Applications of reverse logistics appear to be driven mainly by economic factors and are highly dependent on the capability provided by third-party logistics service providers. Supply chains tend to operate as open loops with recycled/reusable products being supplied to secondary markets and/or locations outside KSA. Furthermore, the adoption of best practice is hindered by the country's logistics infrastructure and by local legislation that does not appear to encourage waste recovery or promote the awareness or control of the reverse logistics process. Both government and industry need to collaborate to implement best practice in reverse logistics in KSA. Economic and environmental benefits can be achieved, especially through improved infrastructure provision, legislation and reverse logistics design. This study makes several contributions to knowledge. First, the framework and strategies will make an important contribution to the literature of reverse logistics by identifying the key forces, represented in a force field analysis diagram; and to general reverse logistics operations in developing countries in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular. Secondly, the findings identify further studies for reverse logistics in KSA and, possibly, for other emerging countries with a similar context. Thirdly, this study is distinguished from existing empirical work on reverse logistics in developed countries as it examines the framework in the context of KSA, and may be applicable to other developing countries. Fourthly, the study motivates changes in practice as it provides recommendations and guidance for practitioners and leaders on how to apply the best practices of reverse logistics in different sectors.

Environmental awareness has increased rapidly around the globe inrecent years, which has lead to consumer demands for sustainable products. Inreaction to this, companies try to keep up with consumer demands and green theirsupply chain, in hope to acquire a competitive advantage. This research willtherefore determine to what extent these green supply chain practices influence thebuying decision of consumers.Environmental awareness has increased rapidly around the globe inrecent years, which has lead to consumer demands for sustainable products. Inreaction to this, companies try to keep up with consumer demands and green theirsupply chain, in hope to acquire a competitive advantage. This research willtherefore determine to what extent these green supply chain practices influence thebuying decision of consumers.

Abstract The situation of the world varies from minute to minute, and the market of the traditional industry changes fast also. Many parameters occur which challenge and strike against the highly polluted, low profit textile and dyeing-finishing industry. For instance, the issue of the global warming keeps spreading influence the whole world such as American and Europe to place more attention on the ecological environment. Second, the lack of the energy and natural resources raise the prime cost. Next, the opportunity the World Trade Organization (WTO) gives to the trade market forms a more competitive international relationship around the world. The difficulties and the threat the textile and dyeing-finishing industry meets urge the industry to find their way out. They should analyze the industrial structure and the international benefits, and find an alternative proposal and key success factor to create the competitive edge of their own. Furthermore, the best choice among all the solutions is that the industry should catch the world wave, producing environmentally friendly green product and devoting to lower the emission of the carbon dioxide (CO2¡^ during the producing process. This decision can not only lower the prime cost and earn more profits for the enterprise but also promote the corporate image. Moreover, when talking to establish the goal of reforming strategy, the enterprise should strengthen the integration of the inner and outer resource. Through the cluster model of the industrial structure they can support each other, forming the best green supply chain. Only through the above procedures can the enterprise maintain their long-lasting competitive advantage. Therefore, the paper is going to focus on the textile and dyeing-finishing industry in terms of : (1) the difficulties of the industry. (2) the turning point for the industry- the green supply chain. (3) the key success factor of the reforming strategy. (4) the perspective and opinion from experts and scholars. (5) the implication and conclusion.

<p>Environmental awareness has increased rapidly around the globe inrecent years, which has lead to consumer demands for sustainable products. Inreaction to this, companies try to keep up with consumer demands and green theirsupply chain, in hope to acquire a competitive advantage. This research willtherefore determine to what extent these green supply chain practices influence thebuying decision of consumers.Environmental awareness has increased rapidly around the globe inrecent years, which has lead to consumer demands for sustainable products. Inreaction to this, companies try to keep up with consumer demands and green theirsupply chain, in hope to acquire a competitive advantage. This research willtherefore determine to what extent these green supply chain practices influence thebuying decision of consumers.</p>

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a relação dos níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental com a intensidade da adoção de práticas de Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), por meio de um framework integrador desses dois conceitos e de evidências oriundas de múltiplos casos. Os fatores que motivaram a concepção de tal objetivo são: a inexistência, até o momento, de um framework integrador entre níveis de maturidade em gestão ambiental e práticas de GSCM; a ausência de estudos similares da relação maturidade da gestão ambiental-GSCM com empresas localizadas em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil; e, por fim, analisar a aderência desse framework integrador a empresas pertencentes a setores que tenham alto impacto ambiental antrópico. Para o alcance do objetivo, foi realizada uma sistematização junto à literatura que versa sobre maturidade de gestão ambiental, tipologia das práticas de GSCM, obtendo-se um conjunto mais amplo de práticas de GSCM, e um framework integrador original, aqui chamado de \"Níveis de maturidade em GSCM\". Para verificar sua aderência a situações práticas, foram analisados cinco casos inseridos em cadeias de suprimentos com alto impacto ambiental, sendo que duas empresas são pertencentes a cadeias de suprimentos de pilhas e baterias, duas empresas pertencentes a cadeia de defensivos agrícolas e uma empresa pertencente à cadeia automotiva. Verificou-se que das cinco empresas analisadas: (a) uma empresa adotava poucas práticas de GSCM motivada pelo cumprimento da legislação ambiental restritiva; (b) uma empresa adotava um número médio de práticas de GSCM, principalmente as ligadas ao retorno de investimentos, motivada pela redução de custos; (c) e três empresas adotavam um número elevado de práticas de GSCM, tendo em comum a adoção de práticas de GSCM dos tipos gestão ambiental interna, redução de resíduos e minimização de riscos e comunicacionais, motivadas pela obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Verificou-se, simultaneamente, a aderência do framework integrador proposto à luz dos casos anteriormente citados, tendo se mostrado sensível para avaliar flutuações entre os níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental e a adoção das práticas de GSCM, cumprindo sua função original e obtendo-se a seguinte classificação de níveis de maturidade em GSCM: (a) o primeiro, nível reativo em GSCM com baixa adoção de práticas de GSCM motivadas por restrições legais; (b) o segundo, nível preventivo em GSCM, com média adoção de práticas de GSCM, principalmente relacionadas a diminuição de custos; (c) e o terceiro, nível proativo em GSCM, onde há a busca por obtenção de vantagens competitivas. Revelou-se, adicionalmente, que tende a existir um padrão na adoção de práticas de GSCM por parte das empresas, vinculado a cada nível de maturidade em GSCM. Acredita-se que esse padrão evolutivo de GSCM pode ser usado por dirigentes organizacionais ou por gestores públicos para fomentar a adoção de práticas de GSCM. Este trabalho, até onde é de conhecimento do autor e até onde revelam buscas sistemáticas realizadas junto aos portais Web of Science e Scopus, é a primeira pesquisa a relacionar níveis de maturidade de gestão ambiental a práticas de GSCM, aplicada a cinco casos com alto impacto ambiental do Brasil. / The objective of this work is to identify the relationship between maturity levels of environmental management with the intensity of adoption of practices of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), through the proposal of an integrative framework of these two concepts and a multiple case study. The factors that motivated the design of this goal are: the absence so far of an integrative framework between maturity levels in environmental management and GSCM practices; the scarcity of similar studies of the relationship of environmental maturity GSCM with companies located in developing countries, such as Brazil; and, finally, analyze the adherence of this integrative framework to companies belonging to sectors that have high environmental impact. To achieve the goal, a deep literature review was performed with the literature dealing with environmental management maturity, GSCM practices, obtaining a broader set of GSCM practices, and a unique integrative framework, here called \"Levels of maturity on GSCM\". To verify its adherence to the real world, five cases were analyzed in supply chains with high environmental impact. It was found that: (a) a company few had adopted GSCM practices motivated by compliance with strict environmental legislation; (b) a company had adopted an average number of GSCM practices, especially those relating to investment returns, driven by cost saving; (c) and three companies had adopted a large number of GSCM practices, having in common the adoption of GSCM practices types of internal environmental management, waste reduction and risk minimization and communication, motivated by obtaining competitive advantages. It was found a sensitive framework with the following classification levels of maturity on GSCM: (a) the first, reactive level GSCM with low adoption of GSCM practices motivated by legal restrictions; (b) the second level (preventive) GSCM, mean adopting GSCM practices, primarily related to saving costs; (c) and the third, (proactive) level in GSCM, where there is the search for competitive advantages. Additionally it was found a kind of pattern in the adoption of GSCM practices by firms, linked to each level of maturity in GSCM. It is believed that this evolutionary pattern of GSCM can be used by organizational leaders or public officials to foster the adoption of GSCM practices. This work, so far as is known to the author and to reveal where systematic searches conducted with the Web of Science and Scopus data bases, is the first study to relate maturity levels of environmental management practices of GSCM, applied to five cases with high impact environmental Brazil.

Today, many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) either go out of business or see their growth being stalled due to poor activity management and organization, which is why they are often unprepared to engage against large companies leading their competitive markets. This study aims to develop a comprehensive management model, exclusively designed for SMEs in the jewellery sector, which may encompass all areas that create value and make them competitive. The development of this comprehensive management model was deployed in 21 steps classified into three tiers based on three major philosophies. This study uses lean manufacturing to identify activities that add value and reduce waste, and lean green was used to provide the environmental care and culture approach required for a friendly and fair workplace environment. The selected scenario is a jewelry workshop, wherein techniques and tools were completely applied and yielded a 20% increase in operating performance and a 15% increase in annual return.