Many failures of external walls made of porous buildingmaterials are caused by excessive moisture content,particularly after driving rain and under long duration ofmoist conditions. Lack of sufficient protection againstexposure conditions is one of the reasons for external wallsprematurely demonstrating failures, i.e. properties andperformance above/below critical levels. Silicon-based waterrepellants are increasingly used in order to improve theperformance of both old and new buildings. Water repellants areexpected to prolong the service life and improve the durabilityof wall components by preventing or minimising water ingressinto the structure and thus delaying the deteriorating effectsof the atmosphere. To date, various kinds of water repellantshave been developed. However, only limited research has beencarried out, particularly on the long-term field exposuretesting. Existing research is mainly focused on the performanceof surface treatments of concrete structures and the protectionof historical buildings built of stone, brick and wood, and isprimarily based on short-term laboratory testing. The aim ofthis research work is to study the long-term performance,degradation processes and ageing characteristics of renderedautoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) with and without waterrepellants. Investigations are carried out by physical andchemical analysis of fresh samples, samples naturally weatheredby long-term field exposure and samples artificially aged byshort-term accelerated laboratory tests. Two differentapplication of water repellants are employed: impregnation ofrendering surface with an aqueous product and as additive inpowder form mixed into the fresh rendering mortar. Continuousmoisture and temperature monitoring of naturally exposed testsamples are also included in the study. Wetcorr sensors andresistance-type nail electrodes are used to measure the surfacemoisture and the moisture content in the material,respectively. This thesis describes the experimental set-upand presents the results from site monitoring and laboratorytests of unexposed, naturally and artificially exposed samples(freeze-thaw and UV+water). The results from the continuousmoisture measurements are compared with the results obtainedfrom the full-scale test cabin built within the EUREKA-projectE 2116 DurAAC. The test cabin has the same basic measurementinstruments for continuous monitoring of moisture andtemperature. An attempt has been made to develop methods forlong-term performance assessment of water repellants to be usedin service life prediction. The combination of data obtainedfrom the field measurements with data obtained from thelaboratory tests and analysis may also meet practical needs ofthe end-users.

<p>Many failures of external walls made of porous buildingmaterials are caused by excessive moisture content,particularly after driving rain and under long duration ofmoist conditions. Lack of sufficient protection againstexposure conditions is one of the reasons for external wallsprematurely demonstrating failures, i.e. properties andperformance above/below critical levels. Silicon-based waterrepellants are increasingly used in order to improve theperformance of both old and new buildings. Water repellants areexpected to prolong the service life and improve the durabilityof wall components by preventing or minimising water ingressinto the structure and thus delaying the deteriorating effectsof the atmosphere. To date, various kinds of water repellantshave been developed. However, only limited research has beencarried out, particularly on the long-term field exposuretesting. Existing research is mainly focused on the performanceof surface treatments of concrete structures and the protectionof historical buildings built of stone, brick and wood, and isprimarily based on short-term laboratory testing. The aim ofthis research work is to study the long-term performance,degradation processes and ageing characteristics of renderedautoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) with and without waterrepellants. Investigations are carried out by physical andchemical analysis of fresh samples, samples naturally weatheredby long-term field exposure and samples artificially aged byshort-term accelerated laboratory tests. Two differentapplication of water repellants are employed: impregnation ofrendering surface with an aqueous product and as additive inpowder form mixed into the fresh rendering mortar. Continuousmoisture and temperature monitoring of naturally exposed testsamples are also included in the study. Wetcorr sensors andresistance-type nail electrodes are used to measure the surfacemoisture and the moisture content in the material,respectively. This thesis describes the experimental set-upand presents the results from site monitoring and laboratorytests of unexposed, naturally and artificially exposed samples(freeze-thaw and UV+water). The results from the continuousmoisture measurements are compared with the results obtainedfrom the full-scale test cabin built within the EUREKA-projectE 2116 DurAAC. The test cabin has the same basic measurementinstruments for continuous monitoring of moisture andtemperature. An attempt has been made to develop methods forlong-term performance assessment of water repellants to be usedin service life prediction. The combination of data obtainedfrom the field measurements with data obtained from thelaboratory tests and analysis may also meet practical needs ofthe end-users.</p>

Ce travail porte sur porte sur le développement de nouveaux matériaux permettant d’améliorer la visibilité des produits de marquage routier en toutes conditions climatiques. Les études se sont tout d’abord dirigées vers une étude théorique des principes optiques régissant le phénomène de rétroréflexion, puis sur la modélisation de ces phénomènes à l’aide d’un logiciel, pour déterminer les systèmes rétroréflecteurs idéaux par temps sec et par temps humide. De nouveaux verres ayant les propriétés optiques et mécaniques adéquates à ce genre d’applications ont ensuite pu être synthétisés. Des traitements de surface ont enfin été appliqués pour améliorer encore ces propriétés, grâce au phénomène d’adaptation d’indice et à l’étude des interférences dues aux dépôts de couches minces. / This work deals with the development of new materials for improving the visibility of road markings in all weather conditions. The studies moved towards a theoretical study of optical properties responsible for retroreflexion, then towards the establishment of a pattern of these phenomenon with the Zemax software in order to determine ideal retroreflective systems for dry and wet weather. New glasses having the ideal optical and mechanical for these applications were synthesized. Surface treatments have been used to improve these properties, by the study of the interference phenomena induced by thin layers deposited on substrates.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Submitted by Maria Eneide de Souza Araujo (mearaujo@ipen.br) on 2015-02-20T18:11:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T18:11:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tratamentos de superfície são técnicas amplamente utilizadas com a finalidade de aumentar a resistência à corrosão de materiais metálicos. No caso específico do alumínio e ligas de alumínio, o tratamento com cromo hexavalente é um dos processos mais utilizados. Isso, em razão da eficiência e da facilidade de aplicação desse processo. Entretanto, em virtude de restrições ambientais e do elevado custo de tratamento de resíduos gerados neste processo, métodos alternativos para sua substituição vêm sendo avaliados. Neste contexto, o presente estudo investigou o processo de formação e proteção à corrosão fornecida por filmes de moléculas autoorganizáveis de compostos à base de fosfonatos sobre a liga de alumínio 1050. Para definir as condições do tratamento foram utilizadas medidas de condutividade e de ângulo de contato, juntamente com ensaios eletroquímicos. Técnicas eletroquímicas, especificamente: medidas de variação do potencial a circuito aberto (PCA), espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e polarização potenciodinâmica foram utilizadas para avaliar a proteção à corrosão. Os diagramas experimentais de impedância foram interpretados utilizando circuitos elétricos equivalentes que simulam modelos do filme de óxido que se forma na superfície da liga. Os resultados fornecidos com a liga tratada com moléculas auto-organizáveis foram comparados com resultados obtidos em iguais condições com amostras da liga sem qualquer tratamento ou cromatizada com Cr(VI) e mostraram que o tratamento com moléculas auto-organizáveis aumenta significativamente a resistência à corrosão da liga e apresenta, em determinadas condições, desempenho próximo ao fornecido pelo processo de cromatização. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 08513.pdf: 9974543 bytes, checksum: 92f7076f974608407acb3c472a6d993b (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho foi estudada a viabilidade de substituição do níquel presente em banhos de fosfato de zinco para a fosfatização do aço carbono (SAE 1010) por niobatos, ou oxalato de nióbio e amônio (Ox) e benzotriazol (BTAH). A substituição do passivador das camadas de fosfato obtidas, baseado em cromo hexavalente, por um banho passivador contendo Ox, também foi avaliada. Os resultados do presente trabalho mostraram que os compostos de nióbio podem substituir o níquel em banhos de fosfatização com várias vantagens, pricipalmente ambientais. Camadas com melhores propriedades foram obtidas com os banhos em presença de compostos de nióbio, pois um aumento da massa de fosfato depositada com menor tempo de imersão foi observado para estes banhos. Maior resistência à corrosão e maior eficiência de proteção foram obtidas para os revestimentos de fosfato de zinco em presença de niobatos (PZn+Nb) e de oxalato de nióbio e amônio e de benzotriazol (PZn+Ox+BTAH), quando comparados a camada tradicional em presença de níquel (PZn+Ni). As melhores propriedades de proteção, obtidas para os revestimentos testados foram relacionadas à morfologia dos cristais, espessura das camadas e com a menor porosidade dos revestimentos em presença de compostos de nióbio e de benzotriazol. Os resultados obtidos com os passivadores mostraram que o selante à base de Ox pode substituir o constituído por CrO3, mas somente sob determinadas condições de aplicação, aumentando a proteção contra a corrosão do aço carbono promovida pela camada de PZn+Ni. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP