Thesis (Ph. D.)--Duke University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-228). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-228). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Texas State University--San Marcos, 2009. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 62-65. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-67). Also available on microfilm.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-296). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Physics and Astronomy. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-129).

Orientador: Daniel Mario Ugarte / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_BrunoVieiradaCunha_D.pdf: 17693367 bytes, checksum: cd2b98fba2b0d91ed107d569050c937f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O estudo da estrutura de nanosistemas individuais requer o uso de equipamentos capazes de gerar imagens de sistemas com poucos átomos. No caso de nanopartículas metálicas produzidas por síntese química, uma questão relevante e ainda pouco estudada é a organização dos passivantes sobre sua superfície e como isso contribui para a definição de sua estrutura de equilíbrio. Para abordar este tema, devemos ser capazes de gerar imagens de resolução atômica em superfícies com alto grau de curvatura: a microscopia de tunelamento (STM) representa o instrumento mais adequado para este tipo de tarefa. Entretanto, o estudo detalhado requer o uso de métodos não-convencionais de microscopia STM (ex. modulação da tensão de bias ou de setpoint), sendo assim desejável que tenhamos total controle sobre a operação do instrumento. Este domínio preciso sobre as características funcionais consiste na principal razão que justifica a construção de um STM no próprio grupo. Este trabalho descreve o desenho, a construção e a caracterização de um STM de Ultra-Alto Vácuo (UHV). Todo o desenho e a construção foram integralmente realizadas no grupo de pesquisa. Apresentamos e justificamos os parâmetros escolhidos para o projeto, os quais definem o perfil do instrumento. O projeto mecânico consiste em um sistema elástico tipo ¿Parallel-Guiding-Spring Table¿(PSM). O sistema de varredura foi desenvolvido utilizando na configuração tipo tripod para os atuadores piezoelétricos. Desenvolvemos dois protótipos da cabeça STM, ambos compatíveis com UHV. Apresentamos o projeto e a construção da câmara de vácuo e do sistema de amortecimento de vibração. Na parte eletrônica, desenvolvemos um projeto que envolve blocos anal'ogicos de precisão e componentes digitais de 16 bits. O sistema funciona com baixa tensão, o que o torna mais estável e menos suscetível ao ruído e a variações térmicas. O sistema de controle embarcado e seu modelo analítico são analisados de modo a se determinar os parâmetros para operação estável. Caracterizamos todo o sistema e obtivemos imagens para superfícies de Grafite e Au como forma de verificar a performance do equipamento construído. Por fim discutimos as dificuldades do projeto e apresentamos soluções para os pontos que requerem certa otimização / Abstract: The study of the structure of individual nanosystems requires the use of equipments capable of generating images of systems containing just a few atoms. In the case of metallic nanoparticles produced by chemical synthesis, a relevant and not much studied question is the organization of the passivant molecules over the surface and how they contribute to the definition of the equilibrium structure. To adress this issue, we must be capable of generating atomic resolution images on surfaces with a high level of curvature: the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) represents the most adequate instrument for this job. Nevertheless, the detailed study requires the use of non-conventional methods of STM microscopy (ex. bias voltage and setpoint modulation), then it is desirable to have total control over the instrument operation. This precise domain over the functional characteristics consists in the main reason that motivated the construction of a STM in our group. This work describes the design, construction and characterization of an Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) STM. The design and construction were both integrally done in our research group. We present and justify the chosed project parameters, which define the profile of the instrument. The mechanical project consists of an elastic system of the ¿Parallel-Guiding- Spring-Table Mechanism¿(PSM) type. The scanning system was developed using the tripod configuration for the piezoelectric actuators. We have developed two prototypes for the STM head, both compatible with UHV. We present the project and construction of the vacuum chamber and the vibration isolating system. For the electronics, we have developed a project that involves precision analog blocks and 16 bits digital components. The system works with low voltage, what turns it more stable e less succeptible to noise and thermal variations. The embedded control system and its model are analysed in order to determine the stable operation parameters. We have characterized the system in detail and obtained images for Graphite and Gold surfaces as a way to verify the performance of the constructed equipment. Finally, we discuss the difficulties of the project and present solutions for the points that require optimization / Doutorado / Física da Matéria Condensada / Doutor em Ciências

The dynamics of growth and formation of surfaces and interfaces is becoming very important for the understanding of the origin and the behavior of a wide range of natural and industrial dynamical processes. The first part of the paper is focused on the interesting field of the random growth of surfaces and interfaces, which finds application in physics, geology, biology, economics, and engineering among others. In this part it is studied the random growth of surfaces from within the perspective of a single column, namely, the fluctuation of the column height around the mean value, which is depicted as being subordinated to a standard fluctuation-dissipation process with friction g. It is argued that the main properties of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang theory are derived by identifying the distribution of return times to y(0) = 0, which is a truncated inverse power law, with the distribution of subordination times. The agreement of the theoretical prediction with the numerical treatment of the model of ballistic deposition is remarkably good, in spite of the finite size effects affecting this model. The second part of the paper deals with the efficiency of the diffusion entropy analysis (DEA) when applied to the studies of stromatolites. In this case it is shown that this tool can be confidently used for the detection of complexity. The connection between the two studies is established by the use of the DEA itself. In fact, in both analyses, that is, the random growth of interfaces and the study of stromatolites, the method of diffusion entropy is able to detect the real scaling of the system, namely, the scaling of the process is determined by genuinely random events, also called critical events.