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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Influência do tempo de armazenamento, após a limpeza, na carga microbiana de tubos de silicone utilizados na assistência a pacientes cirúrgicos / The influence of the storage time after cleaning in the microbial load of silicone tubing used in assisting surgical patients

Trindade, Júnnia Pires de Amorim 12 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T19:44:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Júnnia Pires de Amorim Trindade - 2016.pdf: 4029550 bytes, checksum: 8273cd9d0a5907d8dd17702921026096 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-18T12:56:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Júnnia Pires de Amorim Trindade - 2016.pdf: 4029550 bytes, checksum: 8273cd9d0a5907d8dd17702921026096 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T12:56:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Júnnia Pires de Amorim Trindade - 2016.pdf: 4029550 bytes, checksum: 8273cd9d0a5907d8dd17702921026096 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-12 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This experimental study examined silicone tubes coming from care to surgical patients in the perioperative period, chosen randomly. The study was conducted from September to November 2015 and the tubes were derived from the Central Sterile Supply Departments (CSSD) of a large general hospital in the Midwest region of Brazil. The objectives were to validate a method for extraction and quantification of microbial contamination in silicon tubes, checking the microbial charge of silicone tubes immediately after cleaning, and in different storage intervals identify the presence of biofilms on silicone tubing.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee under the protocols No. 1,277,077 and 1,000,946. To validate the method, two new sterile silicone tubing were used, pipe 01 and pipe 02 to 106 were artificially contaminated with bacterial spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The contaminated pipes were filled with sterile water and sealed at the extremities. The tube 02 was submitted to five minutes sonication. The tube 01 has not submitted to this process. Subsequently, the seals were removed and the water collected in 60- mL syringe and filtered through 0.45 Millipore membrane μm in holder for syringe device. Membranes were incubated at 35 ° C for 24 hours in petri dishes containing nutrient agar. After the incubation period, the membranes were removed and placed in test tubes containing 1mL of saline that were submitted to vortexing for five minutes and subjected to handle calibrated technique for quantification of the colony. The sonication proved to be more effective for recovery of micro-organisms. The validated methodology was used for the tubes of the experimental groups (consisting of 10 silicon tubes used in hospital care after the cleaning process), negative control (three new silicone tubes) and positive control (tubes used in assisting during surgery with organic matter visible). The tubes were initially segmented into three fragments: end 01, 02 and a half later and were again targeted to pre-established time intervals zero, 12 and 24 hours in conditions similar to those offered by the study institution. In addition to the groups submitted to microbiological analysis by this method, similar tubes to the experimental group were collected for analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among the tubes that were subjected to analysis by SEM, experimental groups were formed (three tubes used in hospital care after the cleaning process), positive control (tubes used without cleaning) and negative (new tubes). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the means and the ends of the silicone tubing used in hospital care (p> 0.05) in zero periods, 12 and 24 hours. There was an increase of microbial load of the order of a magnitude on the logarithmic scale every 12 hours (p <0.05) in cleaning and storage conditions provided by the institution in experimental and positive control. There was no microbial growth in the negative control group. SEM showed the presence of organic matter that can support microbial growth. / Estudo experimental que analisou tubos de silicone oriundos da assistência ao paciente cirúrgico no período transoperatório, escolhidos aleatoriamente. O estudo foi realizado no período de setembro a novembro de 2015 e os tubos foram oriundos do Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) de um hospital geral de grande porte da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os objetivos foram validar um método para extração e quantificação da carga microbiana em tubos de silicone, determinar a carga microbiana de tubos de silicone imediatamente após a limpeza e em diferentes intervalos de armazenamento e avaliar a presença de biofilme em tubos de silicone. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética sob os protocolos nº 1.277.077 e 1.000.946. Para a validação do método foram utilizados dois tubos de silicone novos esterilizados, tubo 01 e tubo 02 que foram artificialmente contaminados com 106 esporos bacterianos de Geobacillus stearothermophilus e em seguida. Os tubos contaminados foram preenchidos com água estéril e vedados nas extremidades. O tubo 02 foi submetido a cinco minutos de sonicação, já o tubo 01 não passou por este processo. Posteriormente, os lacres foram removidos e a água coletada em seringa de 60 mL e filtradas em membrana Millipore 0,45 µm em dispositivo holder para seringa. As membranas foram incubadas em estufa a 35ºC por 24 horas em placas de petri contendo ágar nutriente. Após o período de incubação, as membranas foram removidas e dispostas em tubos de ensaio contendo 1mL de solução salina que foram submetidas a agitação em vórtex por cinco minutos e submetidos a técnica de alça calibrada para quantificação das colônias. A sonicação demonstrou-se mais eficaz para a recuperação dos micro-organismos. A metodologia validada foi utilizada para os tubos dos grupos experimental (composto por 10 tubos de silicone utilizados na assistência hospitalar após o processo de limpeza), controle negativo (três tubos de silicone novos) e controle positivo (tubos usados na assistência transoperatória com matéria orgânica visível). Os tubos foram segmentados inicialmente em três fragmentos: extremidade 01, 02 e meio e posteriormente foram novamente segmentados conforme intervalos de tempo pré- estabelecidos zero, 12 e 24 horas em condições semelhantes às oferecidas pela instituição, local do estudo. Além dos grupos submetidos a análise microbiológica pelo método descrito, Novos tubos em condições semelhantes ao do grupo experimental foram coletados tubos semelhantes ao grupo experimental para análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Dos tubos submetidos a análise pelo MEV, foram formados grupo experimental (três tubos utilizados na assistência hospitalar após o processo de limpeza), grupos controle positivo (tubos utilizados sem limpeza prévia) e negativo (tubos novos). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparados o meio e as extremidades dos tubos de silicone utilizados na assistência hospitalar (p>0,05) nos períodos zero, 12 e 24 horas. Houve aumento da carga microbiana na ordem de uma grandeza na escala logarítmica a cada 12 horas (p<0,05), nas condições de limpeza e armazenamento proporcionados pela instituição nos grupos experimental e controle positivo. Não houve crescimento microbiano no grupo controle negativo. A MEV mostrou presença de matéria orgânica que pode favorecer o crescimento microbiano.
2

[en] METROLOGICAL RELIABILITY OF HIGH FREQUENCY SURGICAL EQUIPMENT / [pt] CONFIABILIDADE METROLÓGICA DE UNIDADES ELETROCIRÚRGICAS DE ALTA FREQÜÊNCIA

ROSARIO DEL PILAR ALVA PALOMARES 28 March 2006 (has links)
[pt] A garantia da confiabilidade metrológica de equipamentos médicohospitalares, apesar de essencial para garantir a obtenção do efeito desejado e evitar efeitos adversos, em geral não é realizada durante o período de uso (pós-comercialização). Dentre as principais causas possíveis desta realidade se encontra a falta de informação por parte dos profissionais usuários quanto aos riscos, ou seja, a reduzida cultura metrológica no ambiente da saúde. A partir da identificação de alguns pontos vulneráveis e de graves repercussões na utilização inadequada de bisturis eletrônicos, esta dissertação avaliou parâmetros para a confiabilidade metrológica destes equipamentos, tanto em nível técnico e normativo, quanto em termos da utilização em ambientes hospitalar.Foi realizada uma busca e identificação da normalização nacional, e avaliada a abrangência das normas para garantir de forma completa a utilização dos equipamentos. Os trabalhos práticos para a avaliação metrológica das unidades eletrocirúrgicas foram realizados em três hospitais. Os resultados obtidos auxiliaram na avaliação da confiabilidade metrológica das unidades eletrocirúrgicas em uso, apontando para a necessidade não só de um controle metrológico periódico, como também da inserção de parâmetros de avaliação que não constam na norma aplicável ao equipamento em estudo. Parte desta dissertação foi financiada, através do Convênio referência FINEP n° 22.01.0692.00, pelo Programa Tecnologia Industrial Básica e Serviços Tecnológicos para a Inovação e Competitividade MCT/FINEP/FNDCT/Fundo Verde Amarelo, um programa cooperativo universidade-empresa. / [en] The metrological reliability of electromedical equipment, although essential in order to guarantee the desired effects and to avoid adverse effects, is often not verified after the equipment is sold and being used (post-sale period). This is partially due to the fact that, usually, health-care takers that use the equipment are unaware of the risks involved, in other words, there is a low metrological culture in the healthcare environment. In this dissertation, vulnerable aspects regarding the inadequate use of high frequency surgical equipment, also known as electrosurgical unit (ESU), were identified, and their consequences evaluated. Based on these results, technical and standard parameters important for the metrological reliability of ESUs, were evaluated. This dissertation also includes a detailed bibliographical research of basic principles, technical specifications, and international procedures that guarantee the metrological reliability of electrosurgical units. The scope of national standards was evaluated in order to guarantee the correct use of all of the ESU´s functions and modes. Experimental data for the metrological evaluation of the EUSs were collected in three (3) hospitals, one (1) private and two (2) public. The results are helpful for evaluating their metrological reliability, and indicate that not only that there is a need for a periodical metrological evaluation, but also that other parameters should be included in existing standards. Part of this dissertation was financed by the Convênio referência FINEP n° 22.01.0692.00 of the Programa Tecnologia Industrial Básica e Serviços Tecnológicos para a Inovação e Competitividade MCT/FINEP/FNDCT/Fundo Verde Amarelo, a universitycompany cooperative program.
3

Pain management options after tonsillectomy and third molar extraction

Akural, I. E. (Ibrahim Ethem) 09 December 2016 (has links)
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical implications of a combination of a peripheral opioid, paracetamol (APAP) and ketoprofen (KTP) on the intensity of acute postoperative pain by focusing on tonsillectomy (TE) and third molar extraction. A second focus in the study was to assess the utility of the surgical ultrasonically activated scalpel (HS) technique for TE. In Study I, TE was performed on one side using the HS and on the contralateral side using a “blunt dissection technique”. The first TE study (I) demonstrated that - based on NRS pain scores during the first 10 postoperative hours - intra-operative blood loss and need for haemostasis were greater on the blunt dissection side than on the HS side. Pain scores were higher on the HS side than on the cold dissection side during the second postoperative week. Study III assessed the analgesic effect of a peripheral dose of 4 mg morphine. The peritonsillar infiltration of morphine locally did not significantly decrease pain compared to the control side. Studies (II and IV) included patients who were scheduled for third molar extraction. In Study II, patients received 1000 mg APAP or 100 mg KTP or both or a placebo to evaluate pain relief after third molar extraction. This study demonstrated that the mean sum of pain intensity differences scores up to the 1.5 h mark and the mean time to onset of pain relief at rest and on swallowing were favoured in the combination group more than in the APAP, KTP, and placebo groups. In Study IV, patients were assigned for a submucosal injection of 2 mg morphine or NaCl into either the non-inflamed (Trial I) or the inflamed (Trial II) peridental tissue, while the active control group received the same drugs in reverse order intramuscular (IM). Postoperative pain intensity at rest and on swallowing was assessed in all studies using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Pain scores in the peripheral morphine group at rest (Trials I and II) and on swallowing (Trial I) were not associated with any further pain reduction. Pain scores on swallowing during the 2–6 hours postoperative period (Trial II) were greater in the IM morphine group. HS TE was associated with decreased pain in the early postoperative period, but there was increased pain and otalgia during the second postoperative week. Locally administered peripheral morphine was not associated with any benefit during the postoperative period after TE. The multimodal analgesia combination of a single dose of KTP and APAP demonstrated the same benefit during the early postoperative period without an increase in side effects. Locally administered peripheral morphine produced significant analgesia on swallowing during the early postoperative stage in inflamed tissue after third molar extraction. / Tiivistelmä Hyvä leikkauksen jälkeinen kivunhoito on yksilöllisesti suunniteltua, turvallista, helppokäyttöistä ja taloudellista. Nykyään pyritään kivunlievityksessä hyödyn-tämään eri vaikutuspaikkoihin kohdistuvia hoitoja eli multimodaalista kivun¬hoitoa. Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli selvittää eri kivunlievitysmenetelmien tehoa ja turvallisuutta kahdessa eri toimenpiteessä: nielurisojen poistoleikkauksen (TE) tai viisaudenhampaan poistoleikkauksen jälkeen. Tutkimuskokonaisuus käsittelee leikkaustekniikan (Ultraääniveitsi), lääke-ainekombinaatioiden ja perifeerisesti annostellun morfiinin vaikutusta post-operatiiviseen kipuun. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu neljästä tutkimuksesta. Kaikki työt olivat satunnaistettuja ja kaksoissokkoutettuja. Kipu mitattiin numeerista asteikolla (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS) sekä levossa että nielemisen aikana enintään 2 viikon ajan. Ultraääniveitsen käytön vaikutusta postoperatiiviseen kipuun verrattiin perinteiseen leikkaustekniikkaan. Potilailta toinen nielurisa poistettiin ultraääni¬veistä käyttäen ja toinen tylpästi irrotellen kylmiä instrumentteja käyttäen. Kipu oli perinteisellä tekniikalla leikatulla puolella voimakkaampi kuin ultraääni¬veitsellä leikatulla puolella leikkauspäivänä. Toisen leikkauksen jälkeisen viikon aikana kipu oli kuitenkin voimakkaampaa ultraääniveitsillä leikatulla puolella. Parasetamolin (APAP), ketoprofeenin (KTP) tuottamaa kivunlievitystä ja näiden yhteisvaikutusta verrattiin viisaudenhampaan poistoleikkauksen jälkeen. KTP ja APAP kombinaatio antoi tehokkaamman kivunlievityksen ja nopeamman hoitovasteen kuin kumpikaan lääke yksin annettuna. Perifeerisesti infiltroidun morfiinin vaikutusta kipuun tutkittiin TE sekä viisaudenhampaan poistoleikkauksen jälkeen. TE jälkeen toiselle puolelle infiltroitiin nielurisan taakse 4 mg morfiinia ja toiselle puolelle fysiologista suolaliuosta. Viisaudenhampaan poistoleikkauksessa paikallisesti infiltroitua 2 mg morfiinia verrattiin lihakseen annettuun samaa lääkkeeseen kahdessa eri tilanteessa, joko tulehtuneeseen tai tulehtumattomaan kudokseen annosteltuna. Paikallisesti infiltroidulla morfiinilla ei todettu kipua lievittävää vaikutusta TE jälkeen. Tulehtuneeseen kudokseen infiltroitu morfiini lievensi leikkauksen jälkeistä nielemiskipua 2–6 tuntia leikkauksesta. Tulehtumattomaan kudokseen infiltroidulla morfiinilla ei saatu lisäetua. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että TE ja viisaudenhampaanpoistoleikkauksen jälkeen kivunhoitoa voidaan optimoida multimodaalisin kivunhoidon keinoin. Tutkimustulokset auttavat potilaskohtaisen yksilöllisen kivunhoidon suunnittelussa.

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