Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Glasgow, 2005. / Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Glasgow, 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

Thesis (M.A.)--California State University, Chico. / Includes abstract. "Located in the Chico Digital Repository." Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-226).

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes special report study entitled: Weathering of materials. Includes bibliographical references.

Digital heterodyne methods are employed in conjunction with periodic fringe projection to produce a fast automated surface relief measurement technique. A method of sampling the image with a solid state detector array which produces a moire fringe image free of the noise terms normally present with moire techniques is presented along with an extension to Whittaker-Shannon sampling theory to cover the moire aliasing phenomena. The limitations imposed on the surface slopes by the requirement that the properly moire sampled image spectra must be confined to a moire interval are given. Moire sampling allows an optical processing step (removal of the reference surface tilt), while classical nonaliased sampling produces the same information with respect to a tilted surface. General additive noise is analyzed as regards both integrating bucket and phase stepping algorithms and yields a signal to noise ratio dependent error with twice the frequency of the fringes for some algorithms. A phase averaging technique which eliminates these oscillatory errors as well as those caused by reference phase shift errors in all the algorithms is demonstrated. Both parallel and divergent geometries are discussed. The feasibility is experimentally demonstrated with results for the parallel case based on a system composed of commercially obtainable components.

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När ett bygglov beviljas, d v s när en byggnad förändras, rivs alternativt nybyggs, kan det i sin tur innebära att kommunens kartmaterial inte längre stämmer överens med verkligheten. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att framställa en beskrivning för hur Gävle kommun arbetar med uppdateringen av sin kartdatabas. Det är när ett bygglov beviljas som Gävle kommun får vetskap om att en byggnad eventuellt kommer att förändras och därför kontrolleras de beviljade byggloven ute i fält en gång per år. Då kontrolleras om byggarbetet är påbörjat, klart eller inte alls påbörjat. Då en förändring av en byggnad har skett och beroende på vad det är för någonting som skall mätas in sker mätningsarbetet normalt på tre olika sätt, alternativt någon kombination av dessa. Då det endast är enklare tillbyggnationer på redan befintliga byggnader utförs mätningen med hjälp av ett digitalt längdmätningsinstrument. Vid nybyggnationer används ibland metoden inbindning vilket innebär att positionen för t ex ett byggnadshörn bestäms med hjälp av endast längder från två punkter med känd position. För att direkt bestämma positionen för en punkt används GNSS. Dessa punkter används sedan för att rita in byggnaden i ArcMap. För att mäta in en enklare byggnad med hjälp av GNSS räcker det i regel att mäta in ett hörn och en riktning på en vägg, övriga mått kan då mätas med längdmätningsinstrumentet för att sedan ritas in med det GNSS-inmätta hörnet som utgångspunkt. Jag har under mitt examensarbete märkt att den kunskap jag har med mig från skolan ger en riktigt bra grund att stå på och sedan bygga vidare på ute i arbetslivet. Vidare kan jag konstatera att jag under detta examensarbete har lärt mig enormt mycket. Jag har fått erfarenheter och kunskap om vad som krävs för att en kommun skall kunna tillhandahålla aktuell och pålitlig kartinformation.

The purpose of this study is to develop a terrain evaluation system for road corridor selection applicable to the intermontane basins in northern Thailand. The first stage involves database construction of the terrain factors which have a direct effect on construction costs. These factors are land cover, topography and landforms, surficial geology, soil strength, topsoil removal, difficulty of excavation, embankment height, construction materials, and drainage characteristics. Remote sensing and terrain evaluation techniques, field investigations and geotechnical laboratory tests are used to prepare maps of these terrain factors. The resulting maps are converted into digital database form as map layers by using Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS)--a raster-based Geographic Information System (GIS). / These factors are incorporated into cost models. These are constructed using local engineering cost assessments which control the selection and specification of terrain factors. Under the GRASS environment the digital map layers of different terrain attributes are converted, based on the cost models, into cost surfaces (cost per unit area). The cost surfaces are subsequently combined into an integrated terrain-cost model. / With different assigned end points and cost models, the applications of the single theme cost surfaces and the integrated terrain-cost models to least-cost route selection are provided. An existing road network can be incorporated in these applications. The quality and benefits of the database and system developed related to terrain conditions, data capture by remote sensing, GIS manipulation and modelling, and cost modelling are discussed.

During the last decade, archaeologists have widely accepted the use of geophysical exploration techniques, including magnetic, resistivity and electromagnetic methods, for pre-excavation site assessment. Although researchers were quick to recognize the potential of seismic techniques to provide cross-sectional images of the subsurface, early feasibility studies concluded that seismic methods were inappropriate due to restricted resolving power and the relatively small-scale nature of archaeological features. Unfortunately, this self-fulfilling prophesy endures and has largely discouraged subsequent attempts to exploit seismic methods for archaeological reconnaissance. Meanwhile, however, seismic technology has been revolutionized in connection with engineering, groundwater and environmental applications. Attention to detail in developing both instrumentation and data acquisition techniques has yielded a many-fold improvement in seismic resolving power. In light of these advances, this dissertation re-examines the potential of reflection seismology for archaeological remote sensing. It is not the objective of this dissertation to deliver an unequivocal pronouncement on the ultimate utility of reflection seismology for the investigation of archaeological sites. Rather, the goal has been to establish a sound theoretical foundation for objective evaluation of the method's potential and future development. In particular, a thorough theoretical analysis of seismic detection and resolution yields practical performance and identifies frequency response characteristics associated with optimum resolution. Findings have guided subsequent adaptation, development and integration of seismic instrumentation, resulting in a prototype system for high-resolution seismic imaging of the shallow subsurface. Finally, to assess system performance and the suitability of optimum offset data acquisition techniques, a full-scale subsurface model has been constructed, allowing direct comparison between experimental soundings and known subsurface structure. Results demonstrate the potential of reflection seismology to resolve near-surface features on the scale of archaeological interest. Moreover, despite conventional wisdom that the groundpenetrating radar method possesses vastly superior resolving power, acquisition of coincident radar soundings demonstrates that the two techniques provide comparable resolution.

No description available.