Submitted by Sylvia Helena Pinto Chagas Leite null (sylvia.leite@gmail.com) on 2016-07-27T18:21:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Sylvia.pdf: 2113082 bytes, checksum: a08b09139550c5b37337fa12a062f1d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-29T13:28:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_shp_me_guara.pdf: 2113082 bytes, checksum: a08b09139550c5b37337fa12a062f1d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T13:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_shp_me_guara.pdf: 2113082 bytes, checksum: a08b09139550c5b37337fa12a062f1d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-04 / Um dos grandes problemas existentes ainda no mundo diz respeito ao destino dado ao esgotamento doméstico, tanto do ponto de vista ambiental quanto do ponto de vista de planejamento de cidades. Diversas formas de aproveitamento dos resíduos de esgoto podem ser propostas, seja na forma de energia, seja na forma de produção de algum recurso ou matéria prima, tais como biogás, nutrientes, biocombustíveis, bioplásticos, biopesticidas, dentre outros. As tecnologias usualmente empregadas para o aproveitamento energético de resíduos de esgoto são as turbinas, microturbinas e motores adaptados ao uso de biogás. O presente estudo tem por objetivos modelar ciclos térmicos de geração termelétrica e de cogeração movidos por biogás derivado do tratamento de esgotos a partir de levantamento tecnológico, avaliar o custo dos produtos energéticos gerados pelas centrais térmicas analisadas, bem como o potencial de aplicação das centrais geradoras de energia em diferentes escalas de capacidade, visando a maior sustentabilidade energética de cidades. A modelagem é feita com base em dados de três municípios com aproximadamente 10 mil, 100 mil e um milhão de habitantes e são feitas análises para o cenário atual, com análise de sensibilidade ao preço de compra e venda de energia elétrica e à taxa de juros, além de analisar alternativas utilizando comercialização de créditos de carbono, cargas parciais e biogás de aterro sanitário em conjunto com o biogás de esgoto. Como resultado tem-se que em nenhuma análise houve geração de energia para a cidade de 10 mil habitantes e que nas cidades de 100 mil e um milhão de habitantes a energia gerada não supre as necessidades da estação de tratamento de esgotos, resultando na compra de energia da concessionária. / One of the still big problems in the world with regard to the destination of the domestic sewage from an environmental point of view and from the point of view of city planning. Various forms of utilization of sewage waste can be brought, either in the form of energy production is in the form of a resource or raw material, such as biogas, nutrients, biofuels, bioplastics, biopesticides, among others. The technologies usually employed for energy recovery of waste sewage are the turbines, engines and micro turbines adapted to the use of biogas. This study aims to model thermal cycles of thermal generation and cogeneration fueled by biogas derived from sewage treatment from technological survey, assess the cost of energy products generated by the analyzed thermal power plants, as well as the application potential of central power generating capacity at different levels, aimed at greater energy sustainability of cities. The modeling is based on three municipalities data with approximately 10.000, 100.000 and 1 million people and analyzes are made to the current situation, with sensitivity analysis to the purchase and sale price of electricity and interest rate, and analyzing alternatives using the trading of carbon credits, partial loads and landfill biogas with biogas sewage. As a result it has been that in any analysis was generating power to the city of 10.000 inhabitants and in cities of 100.000 and 1 million inhabitants the energy generated does not meet the needs of the sewage treatment plant, resulting in the purchase of utility power.

Med en växande stadspopulation världen över har förtätning av urbana områden ökat markant de senaste åren och Malmö är inget undantag. I takt med denna utveckling blir även frågan om den gröna infrastrukturens funktion och plats i den täta staden mer och mer aktuell. Detta examensarbetet syftar till att öka medvetenheten kring grön infrastruktur och ekosystemtjänster i den förtätade staden samt visa på vikten av att inkludera dessa i stadsplaneringen.Uppsatsen grundar sig i litteraturstudier och intervjuer med en en grupp av varierande kompetens inom forskningsområdet. Genom att sammanställa vilka kvaliteter och förutsättningar som finns i staden tar vi fram olika lösningar på hur man kan implementera grönska i en tät miljö. Detta resulterar i olika gestaltningsförslag med lösningar som riktar sig dels till kommunen och erbjuder en möjlighet till uppskalning som då ger en applicerbarhet på både lokal och regional nivå. Förslagen vänder sig även mot Malmös medborgare med exempel om hur man kan bidra till att skapa egna social-ekologiska system och bidra till gröna korridorer genom staden.Resultatet visar problematiken i att kombinera en tät stad med ett grönt nätverk. Det finns en vilja och ett intresse hos aktörer, ett relativt välfungerande samarbete mellan instanser samt ett fåtal handfasta verktyg som finns att tillgå för att mäta effekterna av ekosystemtjänster. I Malmö har kommunen kontroll över en liten del av stadsytan då mycket av den är privatägd, utvecklingen av den gröna infrastrukturen lämnas därför ofta till aktörer som tenderar att ha vinstdrivande intressen. Ytterligare faktorer som försvårar arbetet är att kunskapen om den gröna infrastrukturen är bristfällig, kommunikationen mellan olika parter undermålig och att förvaltningen blir lidande därefter. Det framkommer att konkurrensen om yta blir avgörande i planeringen och att det ställs höga krav på den grönska som finns i staden. Det är därför av yttersta vikt att starka samarbeten upprätthålls och att aktörer på området kontinuerligt utbildas i ämnet om grön infrastruktur och ekosystemtjänster. / The densification of urban areas have increased significantly in the last years due to the growing population in cities worldwide and Malmö is no exception. Along with this development, the question of function and place of the green infrastructure in the city is also becoming more and more relevant.This thesis aims to increase awareness of green infrastructure and ecosystem services in a dense city and show the importance of including these in urban planning.The thesis is based on a literature review and interviews with a group of varying expertise within the research area. By compiling the qualities and conditions of the city, we develop different solutions on how to implement greenery in a dense environment. This results in various design proposals where two of them entail solutions aimed at the municipality that offer an opportunity for upscaling, making them applicable at both a local and a regional level. The proposals are also aimed at the citizens of Malmö providing them with examples on how to create their own social-ecological systems and thereby contribute to green corridors throughout the city.The results display the issues of combining a dense city with a green network. There is a will and an interest among actors, a relatively well-functioning collaboration between agencies and a few tangible tools that are available to measure the effects of ecosystem services. In Malmö, the municipality has control over a small portion of the city space as much is privately owned. The development of the green infrastructure is therefore often left to actors who tend to have interests related to profit. Additional factors that further complicate the work is that there is a lack of knowledge of green infrastructure, communication between different actors is substandard and that maintenance suffers thereafter. It is made clear that the competition for space is one of the deciding factors in planning and that it puts high demands on the quality of greenery that exist in the city. It is therefore of utmost importance that strong collaborations are upheld and that stakeholders within the field are continuously educated on the subject of green infrastructure and ecosystem services.