Urbanization in all over the world has created pressure on the remaining open space, especially green areas,in the cities. Hence, the importance of green areas has become more relevant. It has been acknowledged thatthey are economically valuable as they promote the identity of cities and stimulate for example tourism.They also have a major impact on both physical and mental health and preserve ecological balance.However, knowledge on their social values to users has not been explored that much. Young architectAlexander Ståhle has developed a concept of sociotope that explores green space social values from the userperspective and therefore gives deeper understanding on how people perceive their environment. Sociotopemapping in turn is a way to present sociotopes on an easily understandable form; map. Recent research ongreen areas social values has found indication of different background variables such as age, socio-economicstatus, culture, effect on how people value green spaces. Hence, this case study was an attempt to gain moreknowledge of sociotopes in a Finnish municipality of Lempäälä from the adolescents’ perspective. Theresults showed that adolescents appreciated social values and used green areas arenas for social interaction.

Summary The development of urbanization and industrialization has improved the comfort level and the quality of human’s life effectively. But at the same time, it also caused many global environment problems, such as air pollution, greenhouse effect and urban heat island (UHI).  The environment cannot keep the balance because of lots of industrial activities, anthropogenic heat and building surface effect. Almost 3 billion people, who are living in cities, have to face this situation, and the quantity is still increasing. The authors use literature research methodology, case study, comparative study and trend analysis study while writing. UHI have a harmful effect (such like photochemical smog and increasing energy use) on urban ecological environment, daily life and health. As the product of urbanization and industrialization, UHI has become one of the most important climate issues. Urban green space is helpful to reduce urban heat islands. London has a better urban green space system to face UHI and Hong Kong still has a long way to improve the green environment for reduce UHI. This article consider that roof greening is a suitable method to help Hong Kong gets rid of urban heat islands. And the lighting and population could indicate the level of urbanization, also can reflect the effect of urban heat islands preliminary. Over-capitalized lighting will exacerbate urban heat islands.

The concept of accessibility has in recent years been more used in urban planning, where access to urban services and attractive places, such as green areas, is desirable. In a rapidly growing city region like Stockholm, accessibility is especially important in order to provide an attractive and sustainable region. Several studies have supported the positive correlation between green areas, human well- being and sustaining a good quality of life. However, it is rather the qualities possessed by a green area that is attractive and not necessarily the space itself. Moreover, access to green areas is considered to affect the property values and can further indicate whether a green area quality is demanded or not since it may differ depending on the green area type and its quality. Although studies concerning accessibility to green areas and the correlation to property values already have been conducted to some extent for Stockholm, the combination of qualitative green areas have not been extensively researched for the entire region with a network analysis approach. The purpose of this study is to measure the accessibility to green area qualities within the Stockholm region and further assess whether the measured distances correlate with the property values within the region. In this thesis, four green area qualities are selected, based on experience values, which are: Spacious, Quietness, Parks and Protected areas for biodiversity. These green area qualities are considered to contribute to individual’s quality of life, but for their usefulness from a regional planning perspective, a combination of different qualities could have been more attractive. The access is further measured from each dwelling in the Stockholm region to these green area qualities, via the pedestrian road network, for different geographical divisions within the region. These four divisions are: Archipelago areas, Urban countryside areas, Countryside areas and Urban areas. The accessibility analysis is conducted by using a GIS-based network analysis. The correlation between the measured distances and the property values per area is determined by using the Pearson correlation method. The results show that the access to spacious green areas generally is at least good in the entire region, while the access to quietness and protected areas for biodiversity generally is poor. The access to parks is only measured for Urban areas, due to limited mapping, and the results show that a majority have at least good access. Also, the results show that dwellings generally have best access to spacious green areas, while they have poorest access to quietness within the entire region. Dwellings located in the outer parts of the Urban areas had poorer access to Parks than in the more central areas. Moreover, the results indicate that there are differences in access for different geographical divisions within the region and it can be concluded that Urban areas have generally poorer access than the more rural areas. It is found that all different datasets have a positive correlation between the measured distance and the property values per areal, which means that dwellings located far away from these green area qualities have higher property values. The exceptions were for the green area quality: Parks, in Urban areas, and the green area quality: Protected areas for biodiversity, in Urban countryside areas, which instead had a negative correlation. Basically, this means that these dwellings located close to parks in Urban areas and close to protected areas for biodiversity in Urban countryside areas have higher property values. The study further shows that the correlation between all datasets is weak. These weak correlations are however assumed to be affected by other location factors that may have directly opposite correlations to these green area qualities, such as access to the city center, public transport and other urban services. However, all correlations in this study are found to be statistically significant, which mean it can be concluded that a true correlation exists, although it is weak. For the statistical results to be more useful from a regional planning perspective, other location factors could be analyzed as well, in order to get a better understanding of the statistical results. Finally, the results from both the accessibility analysis and the statistical analysis can be used as a basis for future planning and as a spatial decision support to sustain a good quality of life within the Stockholm region. / Konceptet tillgänglighet har under de senaste åren använts mer frekvent inom stadsplanering, där tillgänglighet till urban service och attraktiva platser, så som grönområden, är önskvärt. I en snabbt växande stadsregion som Stockholm är tillgänglighet extra viktigt för att bidra till en attraktiv och hållbar region. Ett flertal studier stödjer att det finns en positiv korrelation mellan grönområden, mänskligt välmående och att upprätthålla en god livskvalitet. Det är dock snarare kvaliteterna ett grönområde besitter som är attraktivt och inte nödvändigtvis själva ytan. Följaktligen kan tillgänglighet till grönområden anses påverka fastighetsvärdet och kan vidare ge en indikation om vilka grönområdeskvaliteter som efterfrågas, då det kan variera för olika grönområdestyper med olika kvaliteter. Trots att studier angående tillgänglighet till grönområden och korrelationen till fastighetsvärden redan har utförts i viss utsträckning i Stockholm, saknas kombinationen med grönområdeskvaliteter på en regional nivå med ett nätverksanalytiskt angreppssätt. Syftet med denna studie är att mäta tillgängligheten till grönområdeskvaliteter i Stockholmsregionen och vidare att bedöma om det uppmätta avståndet mellan fastigheter och grönområden korrelerar med fastighetsvärden i regionen. I studien väljs fyra grönområdeskvaliteter baserat på upplevelsevärden, vilka är: Rymd, Rofylldhet, Park och Skyddade områden för biodiversitet. Dessa kvaliteter antas bidra till ökad livskvalitet, men dess användbarhet inom regional planering skulle kunna vara mer attraktiv om de kombineras med andra kvaliteter i analysen. Tillgängligheten mäts från varje bostad i Stockholmsregionen till dessa grönområdeskvaliteter, via gångvägsnätet, för olika geografiska områden inom regionen, vilka är: Skärgård, Tätortsnära landsbygd, Landsbygd och Tätort. Detta utförs genom att använda en GIS-baserad nätverksanalys. Korrelationen mellan det uppmätta avståndet och fastighetsvärden per areal bestäms genom att använda Pearsons korrelationsmetod. Resultatet från tillgänglighetanalysen visar på att tillgängligheten till rymliga grönområden generellt sett är bra eller mycket bra i hela regionen, medan tillgängligheten till rofylldhet och skyddade områden för biodiversitet generellt sett är dålig. Tillgängligheten till parker är endast uppmätt för urbana områden på grund av begränsad kartering och resultatet visar på att majoriteten har bra eller mycket bra tillgänglighet. Följaktligen indikerar resultaten att tillgängligheten skiljer sig för de olika geografiska områdena inom regionen och det kan konstateras att urbana områden generellt sett har sämre tillgänglighet än landsbygdsområden. Dessutom indikerar resultaten att tillgängligheten varierar mellan de olika grönområdeskvaliteterna. Användbarheten av tillgänglighetsresultaten antas vara relevant för framtida regionala planerare som ämnar fokusera på dessa specifika kvaliteter. För att få ett mer heltäckande perspektiv angående befolkningens livskvalitet i regionen behövs dock även andra grundläggande kvaliteter inkluderas i tillgänglighetsanalysen. Kvaliteterna i denna studie kan dock bidra som en del i bedömningen av regional tillgänglighet med fokus på att upprätthålla en god livskvalitet. Den statistiska analysen visar att alla olika dataset har en positiv korrelation mellan det uppmätta avståndet och fastighetsvärdet per areal, vilket innebär att fastighetsvärdet ökar för bostäder som ligger långt ifrån dessa grönområdeskvaliteter. Undantagen för detta är: Park, i urbana områden, och Skyddade områden för biodiversitet, i tätortsnära landsbygd, som istället har en negativ korrelation. Detta innebär att fastighetsvärdet ökar för bostäder som ligger nära parker i urbana områden och skyddade områden för biodiversitet i tätortsnära landsbygd. Studien visar även på att korrelationerna mellan samtliga nämnda variabler är svaga. Dessa svaga korrelationer antas bero på inverkan av andra samverkande lägesfaktorer, såsom tillgänglighet till stadskärnan, kollektivtrafik och annan urban service, som möjligtvis har direkt motsatt korrelation till dessa grönområdeskvaliteter. Samtliga korrelationer är dock statistiskt signifikanta, vilket innebär att slutsatsen kan dras att det finns en sann korrelation, även om den är svag. För att få det statistiska resultatet mer användbart för regional planering kan även andra lägesfaktorer analyseras för att få en bättre förståelse för det statistiska resultatet. Slutligen kan resultaten från både tillgänglighetsanalysen och den statistiska analysen användas som ett underlag för framtida planering och som en del av ett rumsligt beslutsstöd för att upprätthålla en god livskvalitet inom Stockholmsregionen.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-11-22T18:37:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GLEDSON WESLLEY PEREIRA SANTOS.pdf: 7630163 bytes, checksum: fb6efd406b83e041479df531bd20b13e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T18:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GLEDSON WESLLEY PEREIRA SANTOS.pdf: 7630163 bytes, checksum: fb6efd406b83e041479df531bd20b13e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / The environment is essential to human life. The man as well as other species, is part of the environment. Although, by men, this relationship has been shown in anthropocentric way, so brings today the demanding challenge of conservation and environmental sustainability. Identify the school as an important institution to contribute to the process of changing the utilitarian and managerial way that man has with the environment. But how schools are moving towards that? One of the factors that depict this process is the green areas in the physical structure of the schools (trees, vegetable gardens, gardens). Thus it aimed to characterize and analyze the green areas of public schools in Imperatriz municipality considering the proposals of the "Ground Zero School" and its relationship with the school population. In addition to making a survey of the green area, the temperature in the classrooms, the number of trees, vegetable garden and gardens. The study design is an observational study, descriptive survey, documentary, bibliographic and quantitative. The collection allowed us to observe: the number of students and teachers per class; the total areas, built areas and green areas or free; the characterization of the green area; and thermal comfort. So describe the public school Imperatriz - MA with a relatively high for construction area population, implying a possible clustering in small spaces, even with total area corresponding to current demand. Identify that there are possibilities of expanding the green area, because it has a large free area. This free area presents with little green, i.e. few trees, one every 227m² of the total area; few gardens and disabled; and small careless gardens. There is vegetation, basically bush, with little grass. Besides this fact, still it is evidenced the fact that many schools do not have green area, with a total area equal to the built area. Thermal comfort is provided by air conditioning and fans with high energy consumption and proved to be insufficient for adequate temperature in classrooms that are on average 30°C equivalent to temperatures of yards away to provide adequate thermal comfort. I conclude that the space identified by the survey reflects the reduction of educational activities to the environment in schools. The scarcity of these actions at school shows that the environment is not a priority and also not put in place equality other areas of knowledge. This brings incalculable consequences, because people form far from a socio-environmental design and contribute to maintain an anthropocentric vision of a society without environmental values. Given this reality, added the posture of educational administrations and governments, to cancel the public policies that promote environmental education through specific discipline, presenting only educational guidelines within the transversality and interdisciplinarity. We consider it important that the science of nature is represented with a compulsory curricular component, provisionally, for an evaluation, then discuss a proposal that aligns to our needs and culture. / O meio ambiente é essencial à vida humana. E o homem, assim como outras espécies, faz parte do meio ambiente. Embora, por parte dos homens, essa relação tenha se mostrado de forma antropocêntrica traz na atualidade o exigente desafio da preservação e sustentabilidade socioambiental. Identifico a escola como uma instituição importante para contribuir no processo de mudar a forma utilitária e gerencial que o homem tem com o meio ambiente. Mas como as escolas estão caminhando para isso? Um dos fatores que retrata esse processo são as áreas verdes na estrutura física das escolas (árvores, hortas, jardins). Assim objetivou-se caracterizar e analisar as áreas verdes de escolas públicas do município de Imperatriz considerando as propostas do “Marco Zero da Escola”, e sua relação com a população escolar. Além de fazer um levantamento dessa área verde, da temperatura nas salas de aula, do número de árvores, horta e jardins. O desenho metodológico é de uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, de levantamento, documental, bibliográfico e quantitativo. A coleta nos permitiu observar: o número de alunos e professor por sala; as áreas totais, áreas construídas e áreas verde ou livre; a caracterização da área verde; e conforto térmico. E assim descrever a escola pública de Imperatriz – MA com uma população relativamente alta para área construída, implicando em uma possível aglomeração em espaços pequenos, mesmo apresentando uma área total correspondente a demanda atual. Identifico que há possibilidades de ampliação da área verde, pois tem uma grande área livre. Essa área livre apresenta-se com pouco verde, ou seja: poucas árvores, uma a cada 227m² da área total; poucas hortas e desativadas; e pequenos jardins descuidados. Há uma cobertura vegetal basicamente de “mato” com pouca grama. Além desta realidade, ainda evidencia-se o fato de que várias escolas não têm área verde, sendo a área total igual à área construída. O conforto térmico é estabelecido por ar condicionado e ventiladores com grande consumo de energia elétrica e mostraram-se insuficientes para adequação da temperatura nas salas de aulas que são em média 30ºC equivalentes a temperaturas dos pátios, longe de propiciar conforto térmico adequado. Concluo que o espaço identificado pela pesquisa reflete a diminuição de ações educativas para o meio ambiente nas escolas. A escassez dessas ações na escola mostra que o meio ambiente não é prioridade e também não o colocam em lugar de igualdade as demais áreas do conhecimento. Isso trás consequências incalculáveis, pois formam pessoas distantes de uma concepção socioambiental e contribui para manter uma visão antropocêntrica de uma sociedade sem os valores ambientais. Diante dessa realidade, somado a postura das gestões educacionais e dos governos, de cancelar as politicas públicas que favorecem a educação ambiental por meio de disciplina específica, apresentando apenas diretrizes educacionais no âmbito da transversalidade e interdisciplinaridade. Consideramos importante que a ciência da natureza seja representada com um componente curricular obrigatório, em caráter provisório, para uma avaliação, e depois discutir uma proposta que se alinhe a nossas necessidades e cultura.

Submitted by Mauricio Tavares Da Mota (mauriciotavaresmota@gmail.com) on 2018-09-05T12:27:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Mauricio-Tavares-da-Mota- UNESP Sorocaba .pdf: 4170481 bytes, checksum: 0ec5a0dbe43914733d5cea8ce4d4c7f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucimara Kurokawa Shinoda null (lucimaraks@sorocaba.unesp.br) on 2018-09-05T17:45:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_mt_dr_soro.pdf: 4170481 bytes, checksum: 0ec5a0dbe43914733d5cea8ce4d4c7f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T17:45:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_mt_dr_soro.pdf: 4170481 bytes, checksum: 0ec5a0dbe43914733d5cea8ce4d4c7f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-23 / O aumento desordenado da urbanização gerou diminuição das áreas verdes urbanas e possíveis efeitos negativos na qualidade de vida da população. Como forma de discutir este problema, no Capítulo I deste trabalho foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com objetivo de entender como a ciência compreende a atuação da vegetação urbana no processo de potencializar os serviços ecossistêmicos. No Capítulo II, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica quanto ao processo evolutivo da legislação ambiental brasileira e de Sorocaba quanto à reserva de espaços verdes e áreas livres no processo de parcelamento do solo no ambiente urbano. No Capítulo III, foi construído com auxílio da teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy um modelo para analisar os estágios de sucessão florestal em fragmentos florestais. Considerando que a vegetação florestal exerce forte influência nos serviços ecossistêmicos urbanos. O Capítulo IV tem por objetivo, propor um modelo de avaliação dos fragmentos florestais urbanos que possa refletir sua capacidade em contribuir com os serviços ecossistêmicos urbanos. O modelo foi constituído com uso da Teoria dos Conjuntos Fuzzy. Para testar o modelo, foram utilizados parâmetros de loteamentos aprovados e implantados no município de Sorocaba, SP, Brasil. O resultado mostrou-se eficiente no seu propósito. O Sistema comprovou servir como ferramenta auxiliar no processo de decisão de aprovação de projetos e poderá contribuir para melhorar as decisões dos gestores públicos e melhorar o processo de ocupação do solo urbano. / The disorderly increase of urbanization generated reduction of urban green areas and possible negative effects on the quality of life of the population. As a way to discuss this issue in chapter I of this work was performed a literature review in order to understand how science understands the action of urban vegetation in the process of enhancing ecosystem services. In chapter II a bibliographical research as to the evolutionary process of the brazilian environmental legislation and of Sorocaba how to green spaces and open areas in the process of subdivision of the soil in urban environment. In chapter III was built with the aid of fuzzy set theory a model to analyze the stages of forest succession in forest fragments. Whereas the forest vegetation exerts strong influence on ecosystem services. Chapter IV aims to propose a model for the evaluation of urban forest fragments that can reflect your ability to contribute to ecosystem services. The model was constituted with use of Fuzzy set theory. To test the model, approved building lots parameters were used and deployed in the municipality of Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. The result proved to be efficient in your purpose. The system proved serve as auxiliary tool in the decision-making process for approval of projects and can help improve decisions of public managers and improve the process of occupation of urban land.

Det råder idag en stor brist på information angående utvecklingen för gröna tak i Stockholms stad. Eftersom gröna tak har en stor potential att stödja stadens dagvattensystem, bidra till en ökad biologisk mångfald, minska buller samt förbättra luftkvalitet innebär att gröna tak stark kan kopplas till två av Sveriges miljömål nämligen god bebyggd miljö och ett rikt växt- och djurliv. På grund av denna potential vore det ofördelaktigt om gröna tak inte används fullt ut.  En inventering av gröna tak med hjälp av flygfoton har gjorts på en del av södra Stockholms stad för att avgöra hur mycket gröna tak som byggts de senaste nio åren jämfört med tidigare år. Området valdes på grund av stor åldersvariation i bebyggelsen för att kunna representera Stockholms stad som helhet bättre. Det har också genomförts 3 intervjuer, dels med representanter för Stockholms stad och dels från byggsektorn. Syftet med intervjuerna var att undersöka om det skett en ökning i byggandet samt orsaker till detta. Resultaten av inventeringen visar att det byggts lika många gröna tak de senaste nio åren som de byggts alla tidigare år i området. Intervjuerna visar på att det har skett en ökning av mängden byggda tak och att en av orsakerna till denna ökning har varit introduktionen av grönytefaktorn. Detta kan dock inte styrkas med någon befintligdata då sådan saknas för Stockholms stad som helhet. Utvecklingen för gröna tak utifrån denna studie framgår vara positiv dock för att helt kunna säkerställa gröna taks utveckling i Stockholm rekommenderas det att en mer utförlig inventering av hela Stockholms stads bestånd av gröna tak görs. / There is currently a great lack of information regarding the development of green roofs in Stockholm. Since green roofs have big potential to support the city's storm water system, contribute to increased biodiversity, reduce noise and improve air quality, green roofs can be strongly linked to two of Sweden's environmental goals, namely a good built environment and a rich plant and animal life. Because of this potential, it would be disadvantageous if green roofs were not fully used. An inventory of green roofs using aerial photos have been taken on a part of southern Stockholm to determine how much green roofs have been built over the past nine years compared to previous years. The area was chosen because of the large age variation in the buildings in order to better represent the city of Stockholm as a whole. There have also been 3 interviews conducted with representatives of the City of Stockholm and representatives from the construction sector. The purpose of the interviews was to investigate whether there has been an increase in construction and reasons for this. The results of the inventory show that as many green roofs have been built in the last nine years as has been built in the area all the previous years. The interviews show that there has been an increase in the amount of built roofs and that one of the reasons for this increase has been the introduction of the green area factor. However, this cannot be substantiated by any existing data, as such is missing for the City of Stockholm as a whole. The development for green roofs based on this study appears to be positive, however, in order to fully ensure the development of green roofs in Stockholm, it is recommended that a more detailed inventory of the entire Stockholm city stock of green roofs be made.

Syftet med vår uppsats är att identifiera funktioner som är viktiga i ett hållbart grönområde och att med hjälp av dessa ta fram en bedömningsmall för hållbara grönområden. Som en andra del i uppsatsens syfte har vi tillämpat vår framtagna mall praktiskt på ett par grönområden i Malmö för att se hur dessa ser ut i förhållande till mallen. Genom en direktobservation har vi bedömt parkerna i förhållande till bedömningsmallen. Resultatet visar att parkerna är socialt hållbara men att de ekologiska och de stadsmiljömässiga aspekterna kunde förbättras. / The objective of this paper is to identify important functions in a sustainable green area, and with the help of these develop an assessment model for sustainable green areas. As a second part of our objective we have applied our model on a couple of green areas in Malmö. Through a direct observation we have formed an opinion about the parks in proportion to the assessment model. The result shows that the parks are socially sustainable but that the ecological aspects and the aspects that affect the city’s environment could be improved.

Syfte: Städer behöver grönska, ekosystem och ekosystemtjänster. Grönytefaktor (GYF) är ett verktyg som säkerställer grönska i urbana miljöer. Jönköpings kommun ska som del i sin stadsutveckling av Södra Munksjön inkludera GYF i sin grönstrukturplan. För att utforma en GYF-modell måste man veta platsens förutsättningar och målbilden för staden. Denna studie syftar till att kartlägga de ES som finns i området idag samt vilka som bör skapas, skyddas, stärkas eller rent av skippas i den nya stadsdelen. Vidare studeras även hur den lokala GYF-modellen kan användas i andra områden i Jönköpings kommun. Metod: En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med hjälp av metoderna litteraturstudie, dokumentanalys, observation och intervjuer. Med utgångspunkt i Ekosystemtjänster i stadsplanering - en vägledning framtagen av ℅ city har ekosystemtjänster identifierats. Intervjuer har genomförts med landskapsarkitekter som arbetat med GYF i sammanhang som liknar det Södra Munksjön och Jönköpings kommun står inför. Resultat: Kartläggningen av ekosystemtjänster i Södra Munksjön visar att de flesta tjänsterna på ℅ citys lista kan identifieras och att de kulturella tjänsterna bör premieras i den GYF-modell som ska utformas för området. För att den lokala GYF-modellen ska kunna appliceras på andra områden underlättar det om modellens formuleringar är generella och kompletteras med separat platsspecifik information. För att GYF ska ge bra resultat är dock uttalade och formulerade mål att styra mot den viktigaste faktorn. Konsekvenser: Genom god planering kan en och samma lösning gynna flera ekosystemtjänster samtidigt, vilket rekommenderas i stadsmiljö. Slutsatsen är därför att fokus bör ligga på kulturella ekosystemtjänster och mångfunktionalitet som resulterar i att alla tjänster gynnas. Då GYF är ett nytt verktyg för Jönköping är det av stor vikt att inkludera berörda aktörer och byggherrar i ett tidigt skede. Begränsningar: Den kartläggning av ekosystemtjänster som gjorts i Södra Munksjön har utgått från en geografisk plats och dokument knutna till denna vilket gör att resultatet är begränsat till Södra Munksjön. Av den analys och diskussion som förs gällande hur en GYF-modell kan tas från ett aktuellt område till att appliceras på andra platser kan dock tas vidare av städer som planerar att använda GYF eller vill utveckla en befintlig GYF-modell. / Purpose: Cities need greenery, ecosystems and ecosystem services. Green area ratio (GAR) is a tool that ensures greenery in urban environments. As a part of its urban development of the new city area Södra Munksjön the municipality of Jönköping will include GAR in the local plan for green structure. In order to design a GAR model, one must know the conditions of the site and vision of the city. This study aims to map the ecosystem services located in the area today as well as the ecosystem services that can be created, protected, strengthened or skipped in the new city area. Furthermore, it is also investigated how the local GAR model can be used in other areas in Jönköping municipality. Method: A qualitative study has been conducted with the help of literature studies, document analysis, observation and interviews. With starting point in the model of guidance on ecosystem services in city planning from ℅ city ecosystem services has been identified. Interviews have been conducted with landscape architects with experience from working with GAR in a context similar to the one in Jönköping. Findings: The mapping of ecosystem services in the area of Södra Munksjön shows that most services from ℅ city can be identified and that the cultural ecosystem services should be premiered in the GAR model designed for the city area. In order for the local GAR model to be applied in other areas, it's easier if the formulations in the model are general and supplemented with separate site-specific information. However, in order for GAR to produce good results the most important factor is to have stated and well formulated goals to aim for. Implications: Through good planning, one solution can benefit several ecosystem services at the same time, which is recommended in urban environments. Thus the conclusion is that focus should lay on cultural ecosystem services and multi-functionality that result with all services benefiting. Since GAR is a new tool for Jönköping, it is of great importance to include stakeholders and building contractors at an early stage. Limitations: The mapping of ecosystem services made in Södra Munksjön has been based on a geographical location and documents linked to this place, which means that the results are limited to Södra Munksjön. However, the analysis and discussion of how a GAR model can be taken from a current area to be applied elsewhere could be taken on by cities that are planning to use GAR or want to develop an existing GAR model.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zingara Rocio Eurich.pdf: 7116862 bytes, checksum: 3aec67d482562b1faa0f2a199b297843 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / According to the importance of public spaces, especially parks, both for city population and the urban environment, this research aims to analyze the conditions of the squares of the city of Ponta Grossa-PR. For that there were used methodologies which were capable of evaluate qualitative and quantitative the afforestation and infrastructure of squares and to analyze the spatial aspects, checking the morphology, typology, distribution and functionality of these spaces, in order to promote and enhance the public open spaces of the city. Regarding the spatial distribution of the squares it was found that the concentration of them are presented in the central area of the city, and the downtown area has the highest Index for Quarter Square (IAPB), with 4.25%. While verified the morphology of the squares, it was observed that most of them 30.1% has the rectangular shape. Some areas considered as squares by the City Hall of Ponta Grossa are shown as an area without direct social function, and 83.1% could be considered effectively as squares. The most common function in the squares is the passive leisure (92.6%). In the survey of afforestation there were accounted 2,369 individuals, which 55.56% are from exotic origin. Regarding the infrastructure, the roads (85.71%), lighting (79.76%) and banks (69.05%) were the most frequent structures in squares. From the results, it is observed that there is a heterogeneous scenario in all analyzed items, since there are squares that have an extensive infrastructure and some areas have no equipment available to the population. / Em função da importância dos espaços públicos, sobretudo de praças, tanto para a população citadina como para o ambiente urbano, a presente pesquisa busca analisar as condições em que se encontram as praças da cidade de Ponta Grossa-PR. Para tanto se utilizou metodologias capazes de avaliar qualiquantitativamente a arborização e infraestrutura das praças e analisar os aspectos espaciais, verificando a morfologia, tipologia, distribuição e funcionalidade desses espaços, com o intuito de promover e valorizar os espaços livres públicos da cidade. Quanto à distribuição espacial das praças verificou-se que a concentração das mesmas apresenta-se na área central da cidade, sendo o Centro a região com maior Índice de Praças por Bairro (IAPB), com 4,25%. Quando verificado a morfologia das praças observou-se que a maioria das praças 30,1% possui o formato retangular. Algumas áreas consideradas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Ponta Grossa como praças se comportam como espaço sem função social direta, sendo que 83,1% podem ser consideradas efetivamente como praças. A função mais frequente nas praças é o lazer passivo (92,6%). No levantamento da arborização contabilizou-se 2.369 indivíduos os quais 55,56% são de origem exótica. E quanto ao levantamento da infraestrutura os caminhos (85,71%), iluminação (79,76%) e bancos (69,05%) foram as estruturas mais frequentes nas praças levantadas. A partir dos resultados observa-se um cenário heterogêneo em todos os itens analisados, visto que há praças que contam com ampla infraestrutura e algumas áreas não possuem nenhum equipamento disponível para a população.

O problema central e foco desta pesquisa foi investigar de que forma a qualidade e localização das áreas verdes de lazer influenciam sobre o uso destes espaços. O que motivou a escolha deste tema foi o fato de que nas pesquisas sobre áreas verdes a abordagem geralmente é quantitativa, desconsiderando as condições locais. Entende-se que este tipo de análise é insuficiente, pois o uso e o sucesso das áreas verdes também estão vinculados ao fator de qualidade destes lugares. Geralmente o centro da cidade e bairros de classe alta possuem melhores espaços públicos de convívio, enquanto na periferia encontram-se degradados e insuficientes. A falta de equipamentos, manutenção e ambiência das áreas verdes fazem com que os moradores dos bairros se desloquem grandes distâncias para utilizar uma praça, muitos até dez vezes mais do que a distância ideal. O lócus empírico escolhido foi o município de Passo Fundo, cidade média da Região do Norte do estado, onde foram analisadas todas as áreas verdes de lazer públicas. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho foi estruturada através de coleta de dados e levantamento das áreas verdes existentes, análise da distribuição dentro do espaço urbano, aplicação de questionários in loco e análise dos aspectos de qualidade das áreas verdes de lazer públicas. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade das áreas verdes de lazer públicas influencia mais na utilização do espaço pelos usuários do que os fatores locacionais. Desta maneira a hipótese de que a qualidade dos espaços públicos é mais importante do que a localização destes espaços dentro do perímetro urbano foi validada. / The central problem and focus of this research was to investigate how the quality and the location of green recreational areas influence on their use. What motivated the choice of this theme was the fact that in research on green areas the approach is generally quantitative, disregarding local conditions. It is understood that this type of analysis is insufficient, because the use and success of green areas are also linked to the quality factor of these places. Usually the city center and upper-class neighborhoods have better public living spaces while the outskirts are degraded and inadequate. Lack of equipment, maintenance and ambience of green areas make residents of the neighborhoods travel great distances to use a square, many up to ten times more than the ideal distance. The chosen empirical locus was the city of Passo Fundo, average city in the Northern Region of the state, where all public recreational green areas were analyzed. The methodology used for this work was structured through data collection and survey of existing green areas, distribution analysis within the urban space, questionnaires and on-site analysis of the quality aspects of public recreational green areas. The results showed that the quality of public green recreational areas has more influence on space utilization by users than the location factors. Thus the hypothesis that the quality of public spaces is more important than their locations within the urban perimeter has been validated.