Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Innovation drives sustainable regional development is the thesis that was tested in this inquiry, using literature reviews, case studies and field research interviews. Case study regions include all of the regions of Italy and the UK, the Nelson Region of New Zealand and the Hunter Region of NSW, Australia. Interviews were only conducted in the Hunter Region. The literature reviews revealed deep conceptual inadequacies. Sustainable regional development has leapfrogged a settled understanding of sustainability/sustainable development and regions/regional development. The former is a complex and incoherent normative field, yet managed through metric paradigms. The latter reflects politico-economic boundaries that may neither subsist nor reflect social and natural environmental functioning. The case study regions, particularly those of the UK, suggest innovation offers a possible solution to the conceptual inadequacies. They demonstrate how novel approaches to sustainability/sustainable development and regions/regional development can be progressed, despite incomplete or unsettled understanding. Sustainable regional development is best viewed as measurable human actions across environmental, social and economic fronts over time (sustainable development), directed at a normative goal (sustainability), in some spatial context (region). Sustainable regional development is manageable, despite the conceptual difficulties involved, by working with what one has (requiring capability development) and identifying what works (the basis of 'learning regions'). The Italian case study is used as a partial illustration. But the highly particularised literature on innovation did not illuminate the pathway connecting know-how in sustainable regional development to its successful diffusion. That pathway, dubbed The Innovation Opportunity, was, however, illuminated by the work of a philosopher, Ernst Bloch. Two additional thresholds beyond that of possibility (know-how) were revealed: progress (needing leadership) and probability (needing communication). The Innovation Opportunity, although developed specifically for sustainable regional development, is proposed as a generic innovation model. To test the relevance of this conclusion in a region, face-to-face field research interviews of Hunter Region leaders were conducted on regional challenges (candidates for innovation) and the roles of universities (innovation seedbeds) in addressing sustainable regional development. The upshot was a variety of useful insights suppportive of the overall thesis and the conclusion that this regional university may require better leadership and communication to relate more meaningfully to its region as to innovation for sustainable regional development. The thesis is proven, if both innovation and sustainability have been correctly understood. Opportunities for further research include validation of The Innovation Opportunity, improved communication of normative goals (e.g. sustainability), and understanding informal economies as indivisible components of sustainable regional development. Additional specific research opportunities in the Hunter Region were also identified.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Innovation drives sustainable regional development is the thesis that was tested in this inquiry, using literature reviews, case studies and field research interviews. Case study regions include all of the regions of Italy and the UK, the Nelson Region of New Zealand and the Hunter Region of NSW, Australia. Interviews were only conducted in the Hunter Region. The literature reviews revealed deep conceptual inadequacies. Sustainable regional development has leapfrogged a settled understanding of sustainability/sustainable development and regions/regional development. The former is a complex and incoherent normative field, yet managed through metric paradigms. The latter reflects politico-economic boundaries that may neither subsist nor reflect social and natural environmental functioning. The case study regions, particularly those of the UK, suggest innovation offers a possible solution to the conceptual inadequacies. They demonstrate how novel approaches to sustainability/sustainable development and regions/regional development can be progressed, despite incomplete or unsettled understanding. Sustainable regional development is best viewed as measurable human actions across environmental, social and economic fronts over time (sustainable development), directed at a normative goal (sustainability), in some spatial context (region). Sustainable regional development is manageable, despite the conceptual difficulties involved, by working with what one has (requiring capability development) and identifying what works (the basis of 'learning regions'). The Italian case study is used as a partial illustration. But the highly particularised literature on innovation did not illuminate the pathway connecting know-how in sustainable regional development to its successful diffusion. That pathway, dubbed The Innovation Opportunity, was, however, illuminated by the work of a philosopher, Ernst Bloch. Two additional thresholds beyond that of possibility (know-how) were revealed: progress (needing leadership) and probability (needing communication). The Innovation Opportunity, although developed specifically for sustainable regional development, is proposed as a generic innovation model. To test the relevance of this conclusion in a region, face-to-face field research interviews of Hunter Region leaders were conducted on regional challenges (candidates for innovation) and the roles of universities (innovation seedbeds) in addressing sustainable regional development. The upshot was a variety of useful insights suppportive of the overall thesis and the conclusion that this regional university may require better leadership and communication to relate more meaningfully to its region as to innovation for sustainable regional development. The thesis is proven, if both innovation and sustainability have been correctly understood. Opportunities for further research include validation of The Innovation Opportunity, improved communication of normative goals (e.g. sustainability), and understanding informal economies as indivisible components of sustainable regional development. Additional specific research opportunities in the Hunter Region were also identified.

O estudo visa propor a utilizaÃÃo da agricultura orgÃnica como base para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, bem como sugere recomendaÃÃes para uma polÃtica agrÃcola que contribua para o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel para o Estado do CearÃ. A agricultura familiar apresenta muitos desafios da forma que està sendo executada ao longo dos anos, e alcanÃar a sustentabilidade socioeconÃmica e ambiental fica cada vez mais distante por essa via, principalmente no Cearà que possui quase 90% de seu territÃrio no semiÃrido e abriga uma parte significante da populaÃÃo. Por sua vez, a produÃÃo orgÃnica iria amenizar ou atà mesmo corrigir os efeitos perversos causados pelo mau uso das tÃcnicas agrÃcolas, excessivas em agrotÃxicos, que prejudica o solo e a saÃde das pessoas que os manipulam. Assim, a pesquisa se apoiou num referencial teÃrico sobre agricultura familiar, desenvolvimento econÃmico, regional e desenvolvimento sustentÃvel e nos conceitos de produÃÃo ecologicamente correta, que baseia a agricultura orgÃnica. Na metodologia utilizou-se, principalmente, a pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, com base no acervo disponÃvel em livros, artigos cientÃficos, instituiÃÃes governamentais e em ÃrgÃos oficiais de estatÃstica. Houve uma busca sobre as polÃticas pÃblicas aplicadas à agropecuÃria em quatro dÃcadas e para as estatÃsticas sobre o tema, a fonte principal foi o IBGE. Mas, tambÃm, pesquisou-se nas principais fontes relacionadas ao tema, a destacar o MinistÃrio da Agricultura, PecuÃria e Abastecimento (MAPA). Ressalte-se aqui a dificuldade na obtenÃÃo de dados sobre o real tamanho da produÃÃo de orgÃnicos no Brasil, sobretudo no Cearà e as poucas estatÃsticas existentes nÃo sÃo atualizadas. O estudo mostra que em 40 anos de polÃticas e investimentos direcionados ao setor rural, ainda hà 17% dessa populaÃÃo em condiÃÃes de extrema pobreza, sugerindo que o meio tradicional de cultivo empregado nÃo està sendo eficiente no alcance da sustentabilidade pretendida. Evidenciam os efeitos perversos das prÃticas tradicionais da agricultura familiar operacionalizada por meio do uso inadequado do solo, sobretudo pelas queimadas, configurando-se em algumas Ãreas do interior cearense com elevado grau de desertificaÃÃo. Por Ãltimo, o estudo faz recomendaÃÃes para compor uma polÃtica sustentÃvel para a agricultura familiar, com foco na agricultura orgÃnica, tendo em vista ser esta a soluÃÃo mais viÃvel para o Estado do CearÃ, dada as suas caracterÃsticas geoeconÃmicas. AlÃm do que a exigÃncia por produtos limpos cresce a cada dia fazendo da agricultura orgÃnica um potencial a ser explorado. / 8 ABSTRACT The study aims to propose the use of organic farming as a basis for strengthening family farming, and suggests recommendations for an agricultural policy that contributes to a sustainable development for the State of CearÃ. The reason lies in the fact that family farms present many challenges in the way theyâre being performed over the years, and achieving socioeconomic and environmental sustainability by this means has become increasingly distant, especially in Cearà â that has almost 90% of its territory covered by semiarid regions, and is home to a significant portion of the population. On the other hand, organic production would reduce or even correct the adverse effects caused by the misuse of agricultural techniques, excessive in pesticides, that damage the soil and the health of those who handle them. For the purpose, the research was based on a theoretical framework about family farming, economic development, regional development and sustainable development, and on the concepts of environmentally friendly production, on which organic farming is grounded. The methodology used was mainly bibliographic research, based on the collection available in books, scientific articles, government bodies and official statistical agencies. A search on the public policies applied to agriculture in four decades was conducted and the main source for the subjectâs statistics was the IBGE. But a research was also conducted on the main sources related to the topic, among these sources the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Supply (MAPA) stands out. Itâs worth mentioning here the difficulty in obtaining data on the actual size of organic production in Brazil, especially in CearÃ, and the few existing statistics are not updated. The study shows that in 40 years of policies and investments addressed to the rural sector, still 17% of this population lives in extreme poverty, suggesting that the traditional means of cultivation employed arenât efficient in reaching the desired sustainability. It highlights the perverse effects of traditional family farming practices operationalized through inappropriate land use, especially the use of slash-and-burn, becoming in some areas of CearÃâs hinterlands with a high degree of desertification. Finally, the study makes recommendations to create a sustainable policy for family farming, focused on organic farming, since this is the most viable solution for the State of CearÃ, given its geoeconomic characteristics. Besides, the demand for ecologically clean products is growing every day, making organic farming a potential to be explored.

As a response to meet climate targets, transit-oriented development is seen as a tool in Swedish regional development to decrease car dependency. By national infrastructural investments in new train stations, small municipalities are expected to continue the transit-oriented development by plan dense areas with housing in connection to the new train stations. Previous research has shown that sustainable development plans are hard to implement, and that there is a lack of research about the processual dimension of implementing transit-oriented development plans, especially in rural areas. The aim of the thesis is to scrutinise the conditions in which these plans are supposed to be put into place at a municipal level, and in what way municipal interest affect to the implementation. The research question is asking how sustainable development is enacted in practice from the example of transit-oriented developmentin rural areas close to bigger cities. The chosen case studies are two neighbouring municipalities in Västra Götaland region that got new train stations in 2012, according to the planning norm of TOD and due to being located in a designated transport corridor. The empirical data consist of five comprehensive plans and interviews with six municipal politicians. By using a theoretical framework of governmentality studies the rationalities and underlying assumptions that makes the certain enactment of the plans intelligible are analysed. The result show that there are different logics behind the implementation of transit-oriented development plans at the regional and at the municipal level. The rationalities to implement the municipal plans conflict with the stated aim of the plans. When striving for a bigger tax base, the municipalities build housing that attract middle class families, which are the opposite of the dense development close to the train stations that are the goal of the regional plans. Because of interurban competition for a certain population, a sustainable development though transitoriented development can be hard to implement.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A governanÃa territorial enfrenta grandes desafios para integrar o poder pÃblico, iniciativa privada e sociedade civil organizada na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas direcionadas a promover o desenvolvimento regional sustentÃvel. Os esforÃos para alcanÃar um desenvolvimento justo e sustentÃvel apontam para a superaÃÃo do paradigma materialista e economicista predominante. O surgimento de novos conceitos de sustentabilidade, baseados em princÃpios Ãticos e na interaÃÃo das dimensÃes econÃmicas, ambientais, sociais, culturais e polÃtico-institucionais, influenciam os rumos das relaÃÃes entre o local e o global exigindo constante aperfeiÃoamento dos sistemas de governo. No aspecto polÃtico-institucional as democracias contemporÃneas continuam alimentando expectativas de uma melhor qualidade de vida para as populaÃÃes, por meio da conquista da dignidade humana, liberdades individuais e coletivas, tidas como alicerces desses regimes. Buscando o aprimoramento democrÃtico e a superaÃÃo das limitaÃÃes do Estado em atender as necessidades das geraÃÃes atuais e futuras, governos experimentam estratÃgias de redistribuiÃÃo de responsabilidades e benefÃcios inerentes aos processos de desenvolvimento. Dentre as estratÃgias emergentes se destaca a adoÃÃo da governanÃa na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para os territÃrios, um modelo de gestÃo pÃblica compartilhada com outros atores, condizente com a democracia participativa e a gestÃo social, de complexa efetivaÃÃo. Partindo do reconhecimento da contribuiÃÃo da democracia participativa para a consolidaÃÃo dos emergentes desÃgnios do desenvolvimento, surge uma questÃo fundamental: O que à necessÃrio para a governanÃa territorial contribuir efetivamente com a promoÃÃo do desenvolvimento regional sustentÃvel? Adotando como resposta hipotÃtica a participaÃÃo integrada entre poder pÃblico, sociedade civil organizada e iniciativa privada na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas, verificamos a dificuldade no cumprimento da dimensÃo sÃcio-polÃtica da governanÃa voltada para a integraÃÃo dos atores e esforÃos, e a tendÃncia para a evidenciaÃÃo da sua funÃÃo utilitÃria nas dimensÃes administrativa, econÃmica ou institucional. Utilizando mÃtodos qualitativos de investigaÃÃo por meio da revisÃo bibliogrÃfica e da observaÃÃo empÃrica de duas polÃticas pÃblicas atuantes na RegiÃo do Cariri cearense, classificamos os principais desafios segundo a origem, em internos e externos à governanÃa, e segundo a natureza, nas prÃticas polÃticas tradicionais, na dificuldade de empoderamento dos atores na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas, nas dificuldades operacionais da governanÃa e na desmotivaÃÃo dos atores. A profusÃo dos recortes territoriais adotados nas polÃticas de desenvolvimento e a baixa eficÃcia do arcabouÃo jurÃdico legitimador da democracia participativa completam o quadro de dificuldades. A combinaÃÃo desses fatores resulta na baixa contribuiÃÃo atual da governanÃa territorial para a promoÃÃo do desenvolvimento regional sustentÃvel, devido a frÃgil participaÃÃo integrada dos atores locais na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para o territÃrio. / The territorial governance faces big challenges to integrate the government, private sector and civil society organizations in public policy management aimed to promote sustainable regional development. Efforts to achieve a just and sustainable development indicate to overcome the materialistic paradigm and predominant economicist. The emergence of sustainability new concepts, based on ethical principles and interaction of economic dimensions, environmental, social, cultural and political-institutional influence the direction of the relationship between local and global demand constant improvement of governmental systems. In the political-institutional the contemporary democracies keep fueling expectations of a better quality of life for the populations, through the conquest of human dignity, individual and collective freedom taken as foundations of these regimes. Looking for democratic improving and overcoming the State limitations to assist the necessities of current and future generations, governments experience strategies of redistribution of responsibilities and benefits of the development processes. Among the emerging strategies highlights the adoption of governance in the management of public policies for the territories, a public management model shared with other characters, consistent with participatory democracy and social management of complex execution. Starting of the contribution recognizing of participatory democracy to consolidate the emerging plans of development, arises a fundamental question: What is needed for territorial governance effectively contribute to the promotion of sustainable regional development? Adopting a hypothetical answer the integrated participation among government, civil society and the private sector in the management of public policies, we identified the difficulty in the execution of the socio-political dimension of the governance facing the integration of characters and efforts, and the tendency for the disclosure of its utilitarian function in the administrative, economic or institutional dimensions. Using qualitative research methods through the literature review and empirical observation of two public policies involved in the Cariri region of Cearà state, we classify the main challenges according to the origin, in internal and external to the governance, and according the nature, in the traditional political practices, the difficulty of the characters empowerment in the public policies management, in the operational difficulties of governance and characters demotivation. The profusion of territorial cuts adopted in territorial development policies and the low efficiency of the legal framework of participatory democracy legitimizing complete the list of difficulties. The combination of these factors results in low current contribution of territorial governance to promote sustainable regional development, due to fragile integrated participation of local characters in the management of public policies for the territory.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O algodÃo jà foi a principal cultura cultivada no Nordeste, a sua produÃÃo alavancou o desenvolvimento de muitas cidades e contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da regiÃo semiÃrida. Ataque de pragas, baixas produtividades, alto custo de produÃÃo e baixa nos preÃos no mercado internacional, aliado a falta de assistÃncia tÃcnica adequada, contribuÃram para o declÃnio da cultura. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de estudar as alternativas mais eficazes de controle de pragas no algodoeiro agroecolÃgico, como tambÃm a organizaÃÃo coletiva dos agricultores, tendo em vista a otimizaÃÃo da produÃÃo do algodÃo em consÃcios agroecolÃgico na regiÃo do semiÃrido brasileiro. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no campo experimental da Embrapa AlgodÃo em Barbalha-CE e no TerritÃrio do SertÃo do Araripe, estado de Pernambuco, em localidades assistidas pelo projeto algodÃo em consÃrcios agroecolÃgicos. Em Barbalha instalou-se o experimento para avaliaÃÃo dos produtos naturais, com o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso e com quatro repetiÃÃes, representado por seis tratamentos: T1-Testemunha (sem aplicaÃÃo), T2-Pimenta malagueta, T3-Caulim, T4-AzamaxÂ, T5-Rotenat e T6-PironatÂ. Os produtos foram aplicados a cada sete dias, seguidos de avaliaÃÃes tambÃm semanais, considerando o efeito dos tratamentos sobre a ocorrÃncia dos insetos pragas do algodoeiro e de seus inimigos naturais. O caulim foi o mais eficiente no controle do bicudo do algodoeiro, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, atrasando o inÃcio da infestaÃÃo. A pimenta malagueta nÃo foi eficiente no controle das pragas. Os produtos aplicados nÃo influenciaram na presenÃa de inimigos naturais, nem a produtividade e precocidade da cultura. Os agricultores aplicam diversos produtos naturais encontrados na prÃpria comunidade, participam de todas as etapas de produÃÃo, certificaÃÃo orgÃnica e comercializam seus produtos agroecolÃgicos a um preÃo justo, fortalecendo a organizaÃÃo coletiva. A maior renda à proveniente da venda da pluma do algodÃo orgÃnico, sendo a mamona, amendoim e gergelim boas alternativas para geraÃÃo de renda. Nas capacitaÃÃes dos agricultores o saber local à valorizado, provocando autoestima nas comunidades. A diversificaÃÃo permite ao agricultor um uso mais eficiente da terra, maior geraÃÃo de renda, seguranÃa alimentar e garantia de alimentaÃÃo para os animais. O cultivo do algodÃo em consÃrcios agroecolÃgicos pode representar uma possibilidade de reintroduÃÃo desta cultura na agricultura familiar do semiÃrido brasileiro. / The cotton was once the main crop grown in the Northeast, its production boosted the development of many cities and contributed to the development of the semiarid region. Pest attack, low productivity, high production costs and low prices on the international market, coupled with the lack of adequate technical assistance contributed to the decline of culture. This research aims to study the most effective alternatives for pest control in cotton agroecosystem, as well as the collective organization of farmers, with a view to optimizing the production of cotton in agroecological fellow members in the Brazilian semiarid region. The studies were carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Cotton Barbalha-CE and Territory Hinterland Araripe, state of Pernambuco, in locations served by the project consortia agroecological cotton. Barbalha settled in the experiment for evaluation of natural products, with the experimental design of randomized blocks with four replicates, represented by six treatments: T1-Control (without application), T2-Pepper chili, Kaolin-T3, T4- Azamax Â, Rotenat Â-T5 and T6-Pironat Â. The products were applied every seven days, followed by weekly assessments also considering the effect of treatment on the occurrence of insect pests of cotton and their natural enemies. The kaolin was the most effective in controlling the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, delaying the onset of infestation. The chili was not effective in controlling pests. The products applied did not influence the presence of natural enemies, nor productivity and precocity of culture. The farmers apply various natural products found in the community, participate in all stages of production, organic certification and market their agroecological products at a fair price, strengthening the collective organization. The higher income is from the sale of organic cotton lint, with castor, groundnut and sesame good alternatives for income generation. In the training of farmers local knowledge is valued, causing self-esteem in the communities. Diversification allows farmers to more efficient use of land, greater income generation, food security and ensuring food for the animals. The cultivation of cotton in agroecological consortia may represent a possible reintroduction of this crop in the semiarid Brazilian family farming.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The changes brought by environmental concerns underpin a new paradigm in which change regional development processes in relation to tourist locations. Currently, in order to a change perspective, a tourist area aims the new global context, such as: the economic issue, which requires an articulation in favor of corporate interests, the social and environmental factors, that in a special shape allow to meet the aspirations of the contemporary regional development. These contemporary articulation factors enable regional development is based on different models that address sustainability, and provide study about the institutions as state, organizations and society. In this scenario, which involves the perspective of the new paradigm, the sustainable regional development (SRD), is that this study may suggest studying cities of Gramado, Canela and Nova Petrópolis, exponents of the tourism sector in the Region of Hortênsias/ RS. This study aims to verify the impact of environmental, economic and social variables, from the perception of the representatives of the state, society and organizations in the process of sustainable regional development in tourist cities of the Region of Hortênsias in Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, we sought to implement a quantitative, descriptive and survey research, since this method includes a significance of identifying and analyzing the social, economic and environmental variables contained in the Chow and Chen (2011) model that was adapted to this study. The model allows data collection involving effective public servants, commissioned positions, government secretaries and undersecretaries (state representatives), teachers (society representatives) and employers and/or managers (organizations representatives). The survey instrument is configured in the form of structured questionnaires, and aims to assess how the target audience satisfaction regarding the economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable regional development in the Region of Hortênsias. As a result it was found that the economic, social and environmental model adapted from Chow and Chen (2011) affects positively the SRD. / As mudanças proporcionadas pela preocupação ambiental sustentam um novo paradigma, no qual se alteram os processos de desenvolvimento regional em relação às localidades turísticas. Atualmente, visando esta perspectiva de mudanças, uma região turística se assegura em premissas que atendem ao novo contexto global, tais como: a questão econômica, que por sua vez exige uma articulação em prol dos interesses corporativos, os fatores sociais e ambientais que de forma especializada e contigua permitem atender os anseios do desenvolvimento regional contemporâneo. Estes fatores, de articulação contemporâneos, possibilitam que o desenvolvimento regional se fundamente em diferentes modelos que contemplam a sustentabilidade, além de facultar estudar a influencia de instituições como o Estado, as organizações e a sociedade no peocesso em epígrafe. Neste cenário, que envolve a perspectiva do novo paradigma, o do desenvolvimento regional sustentável (DRS), é que o presente trabalho pode sugerir estudar cidades de Gramado, Canela e Nova Petrópolis, expoentes do setor de turismo na Região das Hortênsias/RS. Este estudo tem como norteador o objetivo de verificar qual o impacto das variáveis ambiental, econômica e social, a partir da percepção dos representantes do Estado, sociedade e organizações, no processo de desenvolvimento regional sustentável em cidades turísticas da Região das Hortênsias no estado do Rio do Grande do Sul. Para tanto, implementou-se uma pesquisa com caráter quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo e causal do tipo survey, pois este método contempla uma análise de literatura sobre o tema, a significância de identificação e análise estatística das variáveis sociais, econômicas e ambientais contidas na adaptação do modelo a ser utilizado de Chow e Chen (2011). O modelo permite que a coleta dos dados envolva funcionários públicos efetivos, cargos comissionados, secretários de governo e subsecretários de governo (representantes do Estado), professores (representantes da sociedade) e empresários e/ou gerentes de empresas (representantes das organizações). O instrumento de pesquisa se configura na forma de questionários estruturados, e tem a finalidade de avaliar qual a satisfação do público alvo com relação as dimensões econômicas, sociais e ambientais do desenvolvimento regional sustentável da Região das Hortênsias. Dentre os resultados encontrados obteve-se que, as dimensões econômica, social e ambiental adaptadas do modelo de Chow e Chen (2011) afetam de forma positiva o DRS. Os resultados também demonstraram que a variável ambiental é a que mais influencia no DRS.

Este estudo se pauta no questionamento do atual modelo de desenvolvimento e na busca do chamado desenvolvimento sustentável que, segundo a Organização para a Cooperação Econômica e Desenvolvimento, (OECD), é definido como o uso dos recursos naturais e humanos de forma a garantir as necessidades atuais sem o comprometimento da capacidade de produção para as gerações futuras. Essa nova premissa reivindica e aspira por melhorias na qualidade de vida para o conjunto da população; sob a ótica da análise regional busca compreender como se insere o setor agropecuário da região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo nesse paradigma. É com esse foco que essa tese de doutorado é realizada tendo como objetivos específicos: procurar compreender as condições sociais, econômicas e ambientais, identificando e indicando as localidades com sistemas produtivos com maior ou menor sustentabilidade. Busca-se, assim, também avaliar a capacidade dos indicadores aplicados de captarem os diferentes níveis de sustentabilidade, em especial a sócio-espacial, permitindo que se caminhe em direção de alternativas consistentes, na tentativa de solucionar alguns dos problemas que permeiam a sociedade e os recursos naturais. Para estabelecer as configurações dos municípios que compõem a região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo utiliza-se técnica de análise multivariada (fatorial e agrupamento). Os 150 municípios pertencentes à região Oeste foram os elementos observados e as 33 variáveis selecionadas para caracterizar esses elementos, foram: disponibilidade de mão-de-obra, renda, educação e saúde; distribuição territorial: da concentração da posse da terra, da população e das explorações agropecuárias. Considerou-se ainda a pressão econômica e demográfica sobre o meio ambiente, e da capacidade produtiva decorrente de fatores, como a adoção das práticas agrícolas, C&T, acesso à assistência técnica e mão-de-obra, cujos efeitos podem ser refletidos no índice da eficiência técnica da produção agrícola. Os resultados obtidos, que visam avaliar a sustentabilidade, retrataram e permitiram verificar que nenhum dos municípios da região Oeste paulista possui características desejáveis que contemplem o paradigma da sustentabilidade. Aliás, alguns apresentaram desempenho bem sofrível de acordo com determinados índices utilizados. Os indicadores sócio-econômicos atestaram a importância das variáveis selecionadas e do método aplicado para estudos dessa natureza. Foi possível desenhar um mosaico da heterogeneidade espacial existente nessa região, corroborando empiricamente o que diversos pesquisadores assinalam como fatores básicos na busca do desenvolvimento sustentável, notadamente do setor agropecuário. / This doctoral thesis challenges the assumption of our current development model in the search for the so-called sustainable development. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD), sustainable development involves the use of natural and human resources to meet present needs without compromising future generations’ production capacity. This new premise calls for improving the quality of life for the population as a whole. From the perspective of a regional observation point, the study tries to understand the extent to which the agriculture and livestock sector of the western region of the state of Sao Paulo fits this paradigm. Based on this focus, the specific objectives of this research effort are twofold: to understand social, economic and environmental conditions and to identify locations with higher or lower degrees of production system sustainability. An attempt is also made to evaluate the capacity of the indicators used to register the different levels of sustainability, in particular the socio-spatial. That would point to consistent alternatives, aimed at solving some of the problems pervading society and natural resources. The multivariate analysis (factorial and cluster analysis) was used to represent the cities of the western region of the state of São Paulo. A total of 150 cities were examined and the 33 variables selected to characterize them referred to: labor availability, revenue, education and health, as well as the territorial distribution of land property concentration, of population and of agriculture and livestock activities. Also considered were the economic and demographic pressure on the environment and production capacity resulting from the adoption of agricultural practices, S&T, technical assistance and labor access, the effects of which can interfere with the agricultural production technical efficiency index. The results obtained regarding the assessment of sustainability allowed to verify that none of the cities of the region studied have characteristics related to the sustainability paradigm. In fact, some cities have even shown an unsustainably low level of development. The socio-economic indicators proved the importance of the variables chosen and the method applied in studies of this nature. It was possible to draw a mosaic of the spatial heterogeneity of this region, which empirically validates what several researchers have emphasized as basic factors aimed at sustained development, notably of the agricultural sector.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The creation of a technology park can be a consequence of the development of a region. It can also be the agent for this to occur. By studying the mechanisms and contingency management, it is common to come across the situation of adapting organizations, culture factors and society and better use of natural resources. One cause of this awakening and recognition of the problem of misuse of such resources, tends to occur because most finitude of consciousness of those. In this scenario, the regional development process meets the sustainable thinking, making that contemplate not only the economic dimension but also social and environmental, to result in greater local impact and then global. As the advancement of studies in the area of sustainability, technology centers - innovation environments - it is provide a governance founded on this ideology. Moreover, they are sites already recognized as agents for the enhancement of the sustainable development of a territory. In this study, the object is the Santa Maria Tecnoparque (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil), being grounded in these principles and composed of a board of academic, business and government spheres. Exploratory and descriptive, qualitative study, which aimed to analyze how existing governance in Santa Maria Tecnoparque influence for Sustainable Regional Development of the city. Thus, there was the opportunity of access to the park's environment, see how involved, managers and entrepreneurs are thinking about their practices, to the park is regional development agent. It observed that SM Tecnoparque is experiencing difficulties, but with better governance practices, tends to become a successful innovation environment and thus an agent of sustainable regional development, as stated in its mission. / A criação de um parque tecnológico pode ser uma consequência do desenvolvimento de uma região. Como também pode ser o agente para que isso ocorra. Ao se estudar os mecanismos e contingências da gestão, é usual se deparar à conjuntura de adaptação das organizações, a fatores de cultura e sociedade e de melhor utilização de recursos naturais. Uma causa desse despertar e reconhecimento do problema de má utilização de tais recursos, tende a ocorrer pelo fato de maior consciência de finitude desses. Nesse cenário, o processo de desenvolvimento regional vem ao encontro do pensamento sustentável, fazendo com que esse contemple não apenas a dimensão econômica, mas também a social e a ambiental, a resultar em maior impacto local e, posteriormente, global. Conforme o avanço dos estudos na área de sustentabilidade, aos parques tecnológicos ambientes de inovação cabe prover uma governança fundamentada nessa ideologia. Ademais, são locais já reconhecidos como agentes para a potencialização do desenvolvimento sustentável de um território. Neste estudo, o objeto é o Santa Maria Tecnoparque (Santa Maria, RS, Brasil), por ser embasado nesses princípios e composto de uma diretoria das esferas acadêmica, empresarial e governamental. De caráter exploratório-descritivo, é um estudo qualitativo, o qual objetivou analisar como a governança existente no Santa Maria Tecnoparque influencia para o Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável da cidade. Desse modo, houve a oportunidade de acesso ao ambiente do parque, a ver como os envolvidos, gestores e empresários, estão pensando suas práticas, a fim de o parque seja agente de desenvolvimento regional. Foi possível notar que o SM Tecnoparque passa por dificuldades, porém com melhores práticas de governança, tende a se tornar um ambiente de inovação bem-sucedido e, assim, um agente do desenvolvimento regional sustentável, como consta em sua missão.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:55:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 121464.pdf: 3279422 bytes, checksum: 6feb5f8161bfed196bd14d8cd2589f6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The problem that guides this research is focused on how to evaluate the impact on the regional development of the TIPs, promoting sustainable and development. And it was in relation to this problem that was set the general goal of the thesis to develop a system of indicators to evaluate this impact. The study is part of a theoretical framework that integrates and relates the concepts of sustainable regional development, TIPs, innovation and diffusion of innovations, index and indicators, evaluation and impact assessment in development poles. The research has a descriptive exploratory and quantitative character and constitutes itself as a survey with a questionnaire. Introducing a research design, its universe and delimitation, followed by the development, validation and application of the questionnaire to experts in TIPs. Demonstrating considerations about the processes of analysis, presentation of data pointing to a progressive filtering equal to or greater than 50% and 75% approval in maximum and much importance to "technic-cientific" dimension, which received 98 %, and related indicators that are: - "Percentage of companies with P & D ( quant)", - " percentage of companies that are involved in innovation processes (quant)", both achieved the highest choices 97 % each - "Amount involved in innovation processes, by company (quant) ", - "Number of universities in the region/number of universities present in the TIPs (quant)" - "Number of institutions of research non-university with activities in TIPs (quant)", received 92 %. The dimension "Economy" received 92 % of approvals and their respective indicator - "Number of jobs created/year (quant)" with 97 %. Concluding with suggestions for further research in future work and other research to support the targeting strategies of the TIPs. / A pesquisa está centrada em como avaliar o impacto no desenvolvimento regional dos PITs, como promotores de desenvolvimento sustentável. E foi em relação a este problema que se fixou como objetivo geral da dissertação elaborar um conjunto de indicadores para avaliação desse impacto. O estudo insere-se num contexto teórico que integra e relaciona os conceitos de desenvolvimento regional sustentável, PITs, inovação e difusão de inovações, índice e indicadores, avaliação e avaliação de impacto nos polos de desenvolvimento. A pesquisa é de natureza exploratória descritiva de caráter quantitativo e, se constitui em uma sondagem com questionário. Apresentando um desenho de pesquisa, seu universo e delimitação, seguido da elaboração, validação e aplicação do questionário à especialistas em PITs. Demonstrando considerações acerca dos processos de análise, apresentação dos dados apontando para uma filtragem progressiva igual ou maior que 50% e 75% de aprovação em máxima e muita importância para a dimensão Técnicocientífica que recebeu 98% e respectivos indicadores que são: Percentual de empresas com P&D (quant) , - Percentual de empresas que estão envolvidas em processos de inovação (quant) ambos obtiveram as maiores escolhas 97% cada um, Montante envolvido em processos de inovação, por empresa (quant) , Número de universidades da região/número de universidades presentes no PIT (quant) Número de instituições de pesquisa não universitárias com atividades no PIT (quant) receberam 92%. A dimensão Econômica recebeu 92% das aprovações e seu respectivo indicador Número de postos de trabalho criados/ano (quant) com 97%. Finalizando com sugestões para aprofundamento em trabalhos futuros e outras pesquisas para suporte no direcionamento das estratégias dos PITs.