At the author’s request, the abstract has been removed due to the confidential nature of the thesis. It will be added once the embargo period has passed.

Aortic Stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only acceptable treatment for AS. Several replacement methods are available to treat AS including conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and Sutureless aortic valve replacement (SuAVR). SAVR showed excellent long-term results. However, it is an invasive procedure and is denied in substantial number of patients. TAVR showed excellent results and outcomes when compared to SAVR. However, it is associated with increased rate of paravalvular leaks that may impact long term outcomes. SuAVR has developed to overcome the drawbacks of SAVR and TAVR. SuAVR is associated with favorable short and midterm outcomes when compared to SAVR and TAVR. In this thesis, we summarize the safety, the evidence and the perceptions of using SuAVR in Canada. In Chapter1, we evaluated the use of SuAVR Perceval bioprosthesis in retrospective single center study of 415 patients with AS. SuAVR showed excellent immediate post-operative and hemodynamics outcomes. In chapter 2, we sought to establish perceptions and patterns to SuAVR use among Canadian cardiac surgeons. Sixty-Six Canadian cardiac Surgeons responded to the survey. Surgeons reported influential factors, barriers to use SuAVR, and their interest in a trial comparing SuAVR versus TAVR. Surgeons were likely to use SuAVR in high risk patients with hostile aortic root, small aortic annulus and in patients undergoing concomitant procedures whereas cost was the main limiting factor to use SuAVR in Canada. Majority of surgeons reported their interest in participating in a trial comparing SuAVR with TAVR. In chapter 3, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the international evidence of using SuAVR versus SAVR and TAVR. SuAVR showed favorable or comparable results to SAVR and TAVR. However, long term and randomized data are needed to confirm these results. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is considered the most common valvular heart disease, which caused by narrowing of the aortic valve. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only acceptable treatment to relieve the stenosis. Several strategies are available including conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and sutureless aortic valve replacement (SuAVR). SAVR is an invasive procedure and denied in a considerable number of patients with aortic stenosis due to aging and presence of multiple diseases leading to higher risk of complications. TAVR is less invasive option and showed excellent results when compared to SAVR. However, it was associated with complications. SuAVR has developed to overcome some of the drawbacks of SAVR and TAVR. SuAVR is associated with short operation time and less complications compared to SAVR and TAVR. This thesis summarizes the safety, perceptions and evidence surrounding the use of SuAVR.

Abstract Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is one of the most diffuse valvular diseases in developed countries. AS is a progressive disease, which usually results in serious life-threatening adverse events. Defining a treatment strategy for AS is a focus of cardiovascular research, although the topic is still controversial because of its related clinical and economical implications. Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR),which is regarded as the gold standard for the treatment of severe symptomatic AS, affords excellent results, particularly in asymptomatic patients with good functional status. AVR requires the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping, and the duration of these procedures is directly associated with increasing morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with preoperative comorbidities. Accordingly, techniques aimed at decreasing the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping have the potential to improve postoperative outcomes of AVR. In the present study, we demonstrated that the Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis could significantly reduce the duration of the surgical procedure. This was associated with improved immediate postoperative outcomes and long-term freedom from adverse events. The use of a Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis can facilitate AVR through minimally invasive approaches and is associated with fewer transfusions of packed red cells compared to full sternotomy approaches, even with traditional stented bioprostheses. It could be expected that patients at intermediate-high risk would benefit more from the combination of a fast surgical procedure, performed with reduced surgical invasiveness. When compared to transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), the Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis was associated with increased incidence of device success as well as less paravalvular leak, with similar immediate and 1-year outcomes. Finally, AVR with the Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis provided excellent hemodynamics at rest and under high workload. The significant increase of effective orifice area under stress suggests that the Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis is the valve of choice for patients with small aortic annuli or when prosthesis-patient mismatch is anticipated. / Tiivistelmä Aorttaläpän ahtauma on yksi yleisimmistä läppävioista kehittyneissä maissa. Aorttaläpän ahtauma on etenevä sairaus, joka yleensä johtaa vakaviin henkeä uhkaaviin haittatapahtumiin. Aorttaläpän ahtauman hoitotavasta keskustellaan kiivaasti sydän- ja verisuonitautien tutkimuksessa siihen liittyvien kliinisten ja taloudellisten vaikutusten vuoksi. Aorttaläppäleikkausta, jossa aorttaläppä korvataan proteesilla, on aina pidetty vaikean oireisen aorttaläpän ahtauman hoidon kultaisena standardina, koska sen tulokset ovat erinomaisia, etenkin oireettomilla potilailla, joilla sydämen toiminta on hyvä. Leikkaus vaatii sydän-keuhkokoneen käyttöä ja aortan sulkemista, joiden kesto on suoraan yhteydessä kasvavaan sairastavuuteen ja kuolleisuuteen erityisesti potilailla, joilla on muitakin sairauksia. Niinpä tekniikat, jotka lyhentävät sydän-keuhkokoneen käyttöaikaa ja aortan sulkuaikaa, voivat mahdollisesti parantaa aorttaläppäleikkauksen tuloksia. Tässä tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että ompeleettoman biologisen Perceval-läppäproteesin käyttö vähensi merkittävästi leikkauksen kestoa. Tämä oli yhteydessä parantuneisiin lyhyen ja pitkän aikavälin tuloksiin leikkauksen jälkeen. Ompeleettoman biologisen Perceval-läppäproteesin käyttö voi helpottaa aorttaläppäleikkausta, koska se voidaan asentaa vähemmän kajoavasta avauksesta, ja siihen liittyy vähemmän punasolusiirtoja rintalastan kokoavaukseen verrattuna, myös silloin kun käytetään kokoavausta ja perinteisiä stenttibioproteeseja. Voisi olla odotettavaa, että keskisuuren tai suuren riskin potilaat hyötyisivät enemmän leikkauksesta, jossa yhdistyvät toimenpiteen nopeus ja vähäisempi kajoavuus. Katetriteitse asennettuun biologiseen keinoläppään (TAVI) verrattuna ompeleeton biologinen Perceval-läppäproteesi oli yhteydessä parempaan laitteen toimimiseen ja pienempään paravalvulaariseen vuotoon. Muut tulokset heti leikkauksen jälkeen ja yhden vuoden seurannassa olivat samanlaisia. Lopuksi voidaan todeta, että aorttaläppäleikkaukseen ompeleettomalla biologisella Perceval-läppäproteesilla liittyi erinomainen hemodynamiikka levossa ja korkean työkuorman aikana. Stressin aikaisen tehokkaan aorttaläpän aukon pinta-alan merkittävä kasvu osoittaa, että ompeleeton biologinen Perceval-läppäproteesi on hyvä valinta potilaille, joilla on pieni aorttaläpän aukko tai kun on odotettavissa proteesin ja potilaan yhteensopimattomuutta.

L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en français / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais

Introduction: The nonsyndromic orofacial cleft (OC) is the fourth birth defect and the most common craniofacial malformation. The primary cleft repair surgery in the lip (cheiloplasty) or in the palate (palatoplasty) should be more aesthetic and functional, due to the nose and lip aesthetic side in people with OC has a value which goes beyond the human vanity, it is primordial to the child’s personality formation and his or her relatives. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cheiloplasty aesthetic results in individuals with unilateral cleft lip, using two different materials for cutaneous synthesis. Methodology: A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed, at the Sociedade Especializada em Atendimento ao Fissurado do Estado de Sergipe (SEAFESE). All subjects who underwent queiloplasty at SEAFESE between October 2014 and June 2017 participated in this study, constituting a population of 50 individuals. The control group had as material for cutaneous synthesis the polyglactin 910 reabsorbable suture and the experimental group had the octyl-2- cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. These individuals were evaluated by six blinded evaluators with one month and six months post-surgery, at which time standardized frontal face pictures were taken. The esthetical face evaluation was performed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Cosmetics Scale Evaluation proposed by Singer and the Classification Scale proposed by Mortier. In addition, an anthropometric analysis proposed by Pietruski was performed. Results: The population sociodemographic profile is an individual with an average age of 3.2 years, with monthly family income below two minimum salaries, most of them are from countryside and have pre-foramen cleft. About the cheiloplasty aesthetic results, in the one-month post-operative follow-up there was no significant statistical difference for VAS and for the Mortier Scale. But in the Singer Scale, the tissue adhesive presented better results for the variables: height, color, hatch marks or suture marks and overall appearance. In the six-month postoperative follow-up, there was no significant statistical difference for VAS as well. However, there was a difference, for the Singer Scale (width, color and hatch marks or suture marks) and in the Mortier Scale (scar and red lip), when better cosmetic results were noticed with the adhesive. In the anthropometric analysis proposed by Pietruski, when the two cutaneous synthesis materials were compared, a significant statistical difference was observed in three of the nineteen parameters evaluated. Finally, about the postoperative complications, there was only one surgical wound partial dehiscence in the control group. Conclusion: The tissue adhesives presented a superior cosmetic result when it was compared to the resorbable sutures. In six-month postoperative follow-up, the adhesive presented superior results in the anthropometric analysis proposed by Pietruski and in the scales proposed by Singer and by Mortier. In the comparison between plastic surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, there were differences in the evaluations of three variables, when the oral and maxillofacial surgeons were more critical. / Introdução: A fissura orofacial (FO) não sindrômica é o quarto defeito congênito mais frequente, além de ser a malformação craniofacial mais ocorrente. A cirurgia primária de reparação da fissura, do lábio (queiloplastia) ou do palato (palatoplastia) deve ser mais estética e funcional possível, já que o lado estético do nariz e do lábio do fissurado tem valor que vai muito além da vaidade humana, sendo primordial na formação da personalidade da criança. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os resultados estéticos da queiloplastia em indivíduos com fissura labial unilateral comparando dois materiais diferentes para síntese cutânea. Casuística e métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico cego controlado com distribuição aleatória na Sociedade Especializada em Atendimento ao Fissurado do Estado de Sergipe (SEAFESE). Participaram desta pesquisa todos os indivíduos que foram submetidos à queiloplastia na SEAFESE entre outubro de 2014 a junho de 2017, constituindo uma população de 50 indivíduos. O grupo controle teve como material de síntese cutânea o fio reabsorvível de poliglactina 910 e o grupo experimental, o adesivo tecidual octil-2- cianoacrilato. Esses indivíduos foram avaliados por seis avaliadores cegos, com um mês e seis meses de pós-cirúrgico, quando foram tomadas fotografias frontais padronizadas da face. A avaliação da face foi realizada utilizando a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), a Escala Cosmética de Avaliação de Singer e a Escala de classificação proposta por Mortier. Além disso, foi realizada a análise antropométrica de Pietruski. Resultados: O perfil sociodemográfico da população estudada é de um indivíduo com idade média de 3,2 anos e com renda mensal familiar abaixo de dois salários mínimos. A maioria é natural do interior do estado de Sergipe e possui fissura pré-forame incisivo. Quanto aos resultados estéticos da queiloplastia, no segmento de um mês de pós-operatório, não houve diferença estatística significativa para a EVA e para a Escala de Mortier. Mas na Escala de Singer, o adesivo tecidual apresentou melhores resultados para as variáveis nível adjacente à pele, cor, marcas de sutura e na aparência geral. No segmento de seis meses de pós-operatório, também não houve diferença estatística significativa para a EVA. Mas houve diferença para a Escala de Singer (largura máxima da cicatriz, cor e marcas de sutura) e na Escala de Mortier (cicatriz e vermelhão do lábio superior), quando foram notados melhores resultados cosméticos com o uso do adesivo. Na análise antropométrica de Pietruski, quando os dois materiais de síntese cutânea foram comparados, observou-se diferença estatística significativa em três dos dezenove parâmetros avaliados. Por fim, quanto às complicações pós-operatórias, houve apenas uma deiscência parcial da ferida cirúrgica, no grupo controle. Conclusões: Os adesivos teciduais apresentaram um resultado cosmético superior às suturas reabsorvíveis. Na avaliação de 6 meses, o adesivo apresentou resultados superiores na análise antropométrica de Pietruski e nas escalas de Singer e Mortier. Na comparação entre cirurgiões plásticos e cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais, houve diferença na avaliação de três variáveis, sendo os cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais mais exigentes. / São Cristóvão, SE