The level of indebtedness in Sweden has been rising substantially and is well above thelevels prevalent in other countries. Consequently, the government introduced anamortization requirement in 2016, which was further strengthened in 2018, in order tolower the risk that a high level of debt might constitute for both households as well asfor the economy. We analyse whether mortgage repayment has an effect on the level ofindebtedness and we contribute to the present studies by investigating the effect of anamortization requirement by predicting long term consequences. In order to answer ourresearch question, data from Sweden and Finland is used, two countries that despitemany similarities have very different mortgage repayment cultures. By conducting apanel data analysis, we prove our hypothesis that amortization has a significant effect onthe level of indebtedness. However, we do also discuss that cultural factors might becrucial in determining the actual effects of a mortgage payoff requirement. Yet, weconclude that amortization might be a good start to decrease the high debt level inSweden.

<p>Background</p><p>Internationalization is a rapidly increasing trend of firms and markets in today’s business</p><p>environment where fashion companies have evolved to be one of the most successful and</p><p>dynamic international retailers. Though a majority of SMEs in the retail fashion industry have</p><p>the potential to become international, many never do due to a number of barriers. When</p><p>making decisions regarding international strategies, it is important for companies to analyze</p><p>and understand the foreign market to determine if there is an opportunity for success on the</p><p>market. However, many SMEs fail to do a thorough market analysis prior to</p><p>internationalizing and never reach their full potential on the market.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is, through a market analysis, to determine if Sweden is a suitable</p><p>market for a Canadian SME in the men’s retail fashion industry.</p><p>Method</p><p>A qualitative study was carried out to help determine the purpose of the paper where data was</p><p>collected through a single case study of the company Phresh Image. Primary research was</p><p>conducted through interviews with the CEO of Phresh Image as well as focus group meetings</p><p>to collect data regarding the company and the potential customers. The interviews were</p><p>structured after the theoretical framework and included participants described by Phresh’s</p><p>target group. Secondary data was collected regarding Sweden and the Swedish retail industry</p><p>and used to compare the domestic market to the foreign market.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>By answering the research questions, the thesis found that Sweden is a suitable market for a</p><p>Canadian SME in the men’s retail fashion industry. Branding, quality design were among the</p><p>most influential characteristics for Swedish consumers and retail companies in the fashion</p><p>industry must take these into consideration when internationalizing to Sweden. Canada’s and</p><p>Sweden’s economic, political and cultural environments proved to be rather similar though</p><p>some adaptation of a company’s marketing mix may be required. In addition, exporting was</p><p>shown to be the most suitable way for retails to enter into Sweden providing limited barriers</p><p>and low risk.</p>

<p>Background</p><p>Promotional techniques are used to make prospective customers aware of products, to</p><p>whet their appetites, and stimulate demand; they also provide information to help</p><p>customers decide. In the promotional process the selection and the use of the tools is</p><p>crucial. Nowadays the tourism industry is extremely challenging. Tourism has evolved</p><p>during the latter half of the 20th century from a marginal and locally significant activity to</p><p>a widely dispersed economic giant. Many aspects of tourism promotion have been</p><p>developed these last years to attract new customers.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this study is to outline and analyse the use and the construction of three</p><p>promotional tools (advertising, Public Relations, printed materials), and find out their goals. These three promotional tools are represented by TV commercials, press releases and brochure.</p><p>Method</p><p>This study was conducted using the case study method. It is based on primary data. These data are coming from a questionnaire, from the internet and from one printed material. The applied theoretical frames of references are about the use and goals of the three promotional tools and also about models for the analysis of the construction of the latter.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>By answering the research questions this thesis presents first the comparison results</p><p>between the frames and the data concerning the use of the three promotional tools. Then</p><p>the main aspects of the construction of the tools are showed. And finally their goals</p><p>coming from the frames and the data are presented and compared.</p>

No description available.

This thesis analyses three aspects of the link between a woman’s educational trajectory and her childbearing behaviour. Special attention is paid to educational field as a further dimension of education next to educational enrolment and educational level. It is argued that this dimension has to be taken into account to fully understand the complex interplay between women’s educational careers and fertility. The empirical investigations are based on Swedish register data for the period 1990 to 2004 and carried out by means of event history analyses. Regarding the impact of women’s education on fertility, this study confirms that educational enrolment generally impedes childbearing. Further, in addition to differences in first, second and third birth risks among women with different levels of education, the analyses reveal strong variations in the fertility behaviour of women with different types of education. To investigate the impact of fertility on women’s educational careers, this study examines how becoming a mother influences a woman’s risk to pursue further training in a different field of education. The effect of motherhood on the risk of educational change varies strongly depending on the field Swedish women initially were trained in. Especially women with degrees in fields in which it is difficult to get established in the labour market are found to have a high risk of educational change. For these women giving birth to a child appears to lead them to strive for further training in a field that offers more stable and family friendly employment prospects. Finally, the study explores the impact of unobserved factors on education and fertility. By estimating a simultaneous hazard equation for a woman’s childbearing behaviour and her choice of educational field, it is shown that women’s decisions about education and fertility are correlated due to the existence of unobserved determinants that simultaneously influence both life domains.

Under 1800-talets andra hälft och under 1900-talets början emigrerade många svenskar på grund av fattigdom. Efter andra världskriget har många förmögna svenskar emigrerat. Om detta skett på grund av förmögenheterna och därmed sammanhängande skattebelastning diskuteras i denna avhandling. Skattenivåer för förmögna redovisar för Sverige och de tre viktigaste emigrationsländerna Storbritannien, Schweiz och Frankrike. Jämförelser görs i modellform. Ekonomisk psykologisk teori används för att belysa andra faktorer för skattedifferenser som påverkar förmögna svenskars emigrationsbenägenhet. Det empiriska material som redovisas består av en genomgång av Riksbankens beviljade utförseltillstånd i samband med emigration för perioden 1965-1984. Med denna som underlag har intervjuer gjorts med en grupp emigranter. Vidare har också en grupp förmögna som valt att inte emigrera, en kontrollgrupp, intervjuats. Vissa skillnader mellan grupperna med avseende på bakgrund och attityder redovisas. Slutligen görs ett försök till grov beräkning av storleksordningen av det skattebortfall som svenska samhället drabbas av på grund av emigrationen av förmögna. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

Background Internationalization is a rapidly increasing trend of firms and markets in today’s business environment where fashion companies have evolved to be one of the most successful and dynamic international retailers. Though a majority of SMEs in the retail fashion industry have the potential to become international, many never do due to a number of barriers. When making decisions regarding international strategies, it is important for companies to analyze and understand the foreign market to determine if there is an opportunity for success on the market. However, many SMEs fail to do a thorough market analysis prior to internationalizing and never reach their full potential on the market. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is, through a market analysis, to determine if Sweden is a suitable market for a Canadian SME in the men’s retail fashion industry. Method A qualitative study was carried out to help determine the purpose of the paper where data was collected through a single case study of the company Phresh Image. Primary research was conducted through interviews with the CEO of Phresh Image as well as focus group meetings to collect data regarding the company and the potential customers. The interviews were structured after the theoretical framework and included participants described by Phresh’s target group. Secondary data was collected regarding Sweden and the Swedish retail industry and used to compare the domestic market to the foreign market. Conclusion By answering the research questions, the thesis found that Sweden is a suitable market for a Canadian SME in the men’s retail fashion industry. Branding, quality design were among the most influential characteristics for Swedish consumers and retail companies in the fashion industry must take these into consideration when internationalizing to Sweden. Canada’s and Sweden’s economic, political and cultural environments proved to be rather similar though some adaptation of a company’s marketing mix may be required. In addition, exporting was shown to be the most suitable way for retails to enter into Sweden providing limited barriers and low risk.

Background Promotional techniques are used to make prospective customers aware of products, to whet their appetites, and stimulate demand; they also provide information to help customers decide. In the promotional process the selection and the use of the tools is crucial. Nowadays the tourism industry is extremely challenging. Tourism has evolved during the latter half of the 20th century from a marginal and locally significant activity to a widely dispersed economic giant. Many aspects of tourism promotion have been developed these last years to attract new customers. Purpose The purpose of this study is to outline and analyse the use and the construction of three promotional tools (advertising, Public Relations, printed materials), and find out their goals. These three promotional tools are represented by TV commercials, press releases and brochure. Method This study was conducted using the case study method. It is based on primary data. These data are coming from a questionnaire, from the internet and from one printed material. The applied theoretical frames of references are about the use and goals of the three promotional tools and also about models for the analysis of the construction of the latter. Conclusion By answering the research questions this thesis presents first the comparison results between the frames and the data concerning the use of the three promotional tools. Then the main aspects of the construction of the tools are showed. And finally their goals coming from the frames and the data are presented and compared.

Europe is taking on a new meaning to many people these days and is now referred to as the European Union. For those countries, which are not yet members, to join the European Union is a very important and defining decision. Romania is one of the “next to be” members. With Romania being the next inline to join the Union, large corporations and enterprises are turning to Romania for new opportunities. It might be interesting for Swedish or foreign companies to open a business or start investing in Romania. That step is a very important one because there is no specific literature, which can provide relevant information about the Romanian business market and management style. These potential investors or business executives have no idea about the project management procedures or the implementation of technical projects inside the Romanian economy. To provide the answer to these questions more extensive and deeper studies will have to be done in the future. The purpose of this thesis is to become a reference in the future for those companies which are considering doing business in Romania. The goal of this research is to provide valuable and reliable answers concerning the attitude of Swedish and Romanian leaders in meetings with their employees. These attitudes build on the differences in culture and nationality. The leadership of companies in Romania and Sweden has very different meanings in those countries. In the beginning I will provide definitions to the terms that will use: attitude, culture, leadership and meeting. The respondents were chosen based on their previous leadership positions in the institution they used to work. This research will demonstrate the aspects that Swedish leaders have or do not have in common with their Romanian colleagues.

Abstract Date: 2008-11-5 Level:           C thesis in Business Administration, 15ECT Authors:       Beatrice Yola Konlaan       Prince kofi Hanson Tutor:           Mats Viimne Title:             The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on an Organization’s  stakeholders: Case study: DHL, Sweden. Problem:      How does a corporate social responsibility performance    benefit its stakeholders? Purpose:       This research work will seek to find out how aware DHL is about CSR activities and in what ways this awareness can be impacted on its Stakeholders. Methods:      A qualitative method of approach was used for this research work, with regards to primary data; interviews (face-to-face interview, telephone and email interview) were used. Secondary data sources were literature, articles, journals and internet sources from the university data bases. Conclusion:  The impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities on stakeholders have an overall influence on the organization hence steps must be taken to understand the broad issues that should be addressed, management should come out with an inclusive strategy for stakeholder involvement to carry out research and surveys on effective strategic conversations with stakeholders. The involvement and early engagement of stakeholders in the planning process of decision making and implementation is very vital in view of the fact that stakeholders are those affected and affecting change in the community. Stakeholder involvement and collaborative decisions on CSR issues represent a high level of participation programs. However, it is not easy, and must be complemented in many cases with conflict resolution. The awareness creation of CSR activities by DHL on its stakeholders would add a very useful contribution to business development and profit making by this organization. The consciousness of CSR would cause all stakeholders alike to play their apart in the sustainability of CSR. Key words: Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Stakeholders, DHL, Sweden.