This diploma project intends to investigate the Whole through its individual Parts by two polar logics, plan and mass. Through the museum typology, the idea of singular rooms generate a compound of opposite sensibilities, circulation and program that will offer new exhibition halls for the Botanical Department of the National Museum of Natural History in Stockholm.  Museum as typology has throughout history dealt with the architectural issues such as spatial sequence, hierarchy and organizing space. Thereby have dealt the question of a Part-to-Whole relationship.  The immediate relation between the individual rooms has been the starting point in my thesis. Rather than beginning with an envelope as a bounding box for a plan, the plan and the individual rooms sets the conditions for the envelope. In my project the spatial logic derives from a process based upon two polar opposites. On the one hand line-work and patterns, and on the other volumetric mass studies. The orthogonal structures in contrast to the swollen and spherical shapes. The relationship of the contrasting formal logics generates opposite meetings and sensibilities such as pressed/ pressured, heavy/light, imprinted/ implanted structures. The awkward relationship does not consider any smooth transitions, but instead a pressed and nesting sensation of which also the programmatic organization and circulation is closely tied to. / Examensarbetet ämnar att undersöka Helheten genom dess individuella Enheter genom två motsatta designförhållanden, plan och massa, 2-dimensionalitet kontra 3-dimensionalitet. Genom museumtypologin genererar sammansättningen av singulära rum en enhetlig struktur av motsatta sensibiliteter, rörelsemönster och program som erbjuder nya utställningsrum åt den Botaniska Enheten för Naturhistoriska Museet i Stockholm. Museum som typologi har genom tiderna handskats med arkitektoniska frågor så som spatiala rörelsemönster, hierarki och organisation. Därigeom även det så kallade Del-till-Helhets-problematiken.  Den direkta relationen mellan individuella rum har varit utgångspunkten i mitt arbete. Istället för att tillsätta en ram för helheten genom dess yttre fasad, har jag varit intresserad av att låta planen och de inre rummen avgöra hur det exteriöra ter sig. Därav har planen varit en viktig utgånspunkt i processen.  I mitt projekt utgår den spatiala logiken från en process som är baserad på två motsatta designstudier. Det 2 dimensionella, planmönstret kontra det 3dimensionella volymstudierna. Det ortogonala i kontrast till det svullna och sfäriska kropparna. Relationen mellan de kontrasterande logikerna genererar motsatta möten, relationer och sensibiliteter så som tryckt/tryckande, tungt/lätt, intryck/implanterat etc. Det påtvingade och obekväma mötet mellan de olika kropparna erbjuder inte några mjuka övergångar, utan snarare en påtryckt och intensiv relation, som även den programatiska organisationen och rörelssemönstret är anknutet till.

The purpose of the present dissertation is to study the relationship between travel as a form of knowledge and the natural history pursued at the Royal Academy of Science during the period 1790-1840. Primarily, this dissertation deals with the perception of travel as a form of knowledge which existed at the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, though a number of selected journeys are used to illustrate the era's shifting perceptions on travel. Chapter One compares two variants of scientific travel, Linnean and Humboldtian. While the Linnean saw single objects, the Humboldtian saw "the whole" in the form of places. Places became the new study objects and the conditions reigning there were assumed to explain the special characteristics of the objects. This is what is implied by the "place's glance". Chapter Two provides an historical background to the subsequent debate about the theory and practice of scientific travel by scrutinizing works from the apodemic handbook genre. The purpose of apodemics was to make travel a method for the disciplined, systematic gathering of knowledge, which was achieved by organizing all aspects into categories.. In Chapter Three, the natural history of the day is understood as a multiplicity of research traditions with a common object of study - the specimens found in the three kingdoms of nature. A number of models of scientific collection which were applied by the Academy around 1800 are analyzed. The correspondent model using local amateur collectors is contrasted with the model of the travelling professional scientist. The greatest problem of the travel model was the "route problematic", engendering a haphazardness in the collection of facts and specimens. In Chapter Four, the relationship between travel and the theories of natural history of the age is investigated through a case study of Göran Wahlenberg's travels in 1800-1810. As a result of the insights Wahlenberg achieved during his travels in the mountain regions of the land, the new botanical sub- discipline of plant geography was established. This demanded travel, since it was based on observations of the plants' spatial relationships to one another and measurements of other specific spatial phenomena, such as climate. Wahlenberg saw complex, multifacetted aggregates of plants and vegetation, where the Linnean only discerned separate species. Herein lies the meaning of the "place's glance". Chapter Five analyzes the botanical journeys undertaken by the Academy between 1820 (when a travel grant was instituted) and 1840. Patriotic and utilitarian arguments for domestic travel combined with their results lent scientific travel a new status at the Academy. Chapter Six deals with zoological travel during the same period. The main figures are the curators of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, J. W. Dalman and B. F. Fries, who formulated the zoological travel policy of the Academy. The needs of the museum dictated that the travellers focus on Sweden and Scandinavia, primarily the "Western seaboard", which included Bohuslän and the Norwegian Atlantic coast, and Norrland. The specific needs of marine biology forced Fries to develop new travel practices. Fries' establishment of a provisional research station for year-round zoological research was an important historical breakthrough. His idea of outfitting sea-going vessels as mobile research stations also prefigures the future development of polar travel later in the century. / digitalisering@umu

Background: Historical buildings in Sweden with the highest value of cultural heritage are administrated by the state and are protected by the directive SFS 2013:588. Also there are laws which demands that all public buildings which are administrated by the government should be accessible for everyone, with or without disabilities. This law also demands that in case of fire all visitors should be able to evacuate safely, including people with disabilities. This may be problematic to achieve without damaging the cultural value. Aim: The aim of this work is therefore to investigate a safe way for people with disabilities to evacuate in case of fire in buildings with high cultural value in Sweden, which are administrated by the state, with focus on the technical solutions. The aim is also to investigate improvement measures for the studied buildings and the laws in Sweden regarding the subject. Method: This work in bases on a literature study and a case study. The purpose of the literature study was to identify the previous studies and background information which was needed to find solutions to the problem. The case study were constructed to see how technical solutions are incorporated in actual buildings, but also to see how the evacuation can improve. Results: The work shows that all buildings in the case study has a sufficient evacuation plan for people with disabilities, but could be improved especially for people with visual disabilities without destroying the cultural heritage. Conclusion: One conclusion is that the focus often lies on technical solutions to make it possible for people with mobility impairments to evacuate, but the needs of people with visual disabilities are often overlooked. Therefore the laws regarding the subject should clarified that all people with disabilities also should have the same possibility to evacuate safety. Another conclusion is that it is possible to implement technical solutions in historical buildings without significantly destroying the cultural value. However, more research is required to develop new and improved solutions for these type of buildings.