Purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of wind turbines on their surroundings. It also aims to analyze how the communication looks between the authorities, the planner and local residents prior to the establishment of wind turbines in Lännäs/Odensbacken in Örebro, where three wind turbines set up in a group. The results of this survey show that the participants experience themselves not as especially disturbed of the turbines in the form of large noise, shadows, and sleep disturbance indoors and outdoors. Participants felt that no change had taken place on the natural environment (52%) since the turbines became operational. It was 49% of participants had got no information about the establishment of Örebro Municipality, Örebro County Administrative Board or Wind Power Company. Scientists/­experts had the highest confidence of 86%, politicians and the media/journalists had least confidence. In the case of knowledge that people have about wind power's impact in their environment, the responses were "quite positive" under the effect of cleaner air (81%), on Odensbacken (79%), on housing value (44%), on outdoor recreation (38%) and on the property value (38%). According to this study, the three plants were well located, the works do not entail any major interventions in the landscape, impact and disruption on the local environment was limited and the area can be assessed as a rugged landscape of new elements. Local people in the area need more knowledge about impact of wind turbines on humans, plants, birds, animals and landscapes. The communication described in our case less participant friendly because there is no transparency. Confidence in the wind as renewable energy, for government agencies or for wind developer can damage players and officials do not choose the right methods for good communication. A lack of communication can thus increase the resistance and can even stop the wind developments in the region in the future. / Uppsatsens syfte är att studera vindkraftverkens påverkan på sin omgivning. Syftet är även att analysera hur kommunikationen ser ut mellan myndigheter, projektören samt närboende före etableringen av vindkraftverken i Lännäs/Odensbacken, i Örebro kommun, där tre vindkraftverk etablerats i en grupp. Resultaten av denna undersökning visade att deltagarna upplevde sig inte som speciellt störda av verken i form av stora bullerstörningar, skuggor, eller sömnstörningar inomhus respektive utomhus. Deltagarna tyckte att ingen förändring hade skett på naturmiljön (52%) sedan vindkraftverken togs i drift. Det var 49%  av deltagarna fick ingen information om etableringen av Örebro kommun eller från vindkrafts­bolaget. Forskare/experter hade det högsta förtroendet att ge information 86%, politiker och media/journalister hade lägst förtroende 29%. När det gäller kunskap som befolkningen hade om vindkraftens påverkan på sin omgivning svaren var ”ganska positivt” vid påverkan på renare luft (81%), påverkan på Odensbacken (79%), på boendemiljön (44%), på friluftsliv (38%) och på fastighetsvärde (38%). Enligt denna undersökning var de tre verken väl placerade, verken medför inte några stora ingrepp i landskapet, påverkan och störningar på närmiljön hade begränsats och området kan bedömas som ett tåligt landskap för nya inslag. Lokalbefolkningen i området behöver mer kunskap om vindkraft­verkens påverkan på människor, på växter, fåglar, djur och på landskap. Kommunikationen beskrivs i vårt fall som mindre deltagarvänlig eftersom det saknas öppenhet. Förtroendet för vindkraftverk som förnyelsebar energi, för myndigheter eller för vindkraftsbolaget kan skadas om aktörerna och tjänstemän inte väljer rätt metoder för en god kommunikation. En bristfällig kommunikation kan därmed öka motstånd och kan även stoppa vindkrafts­utvecklingen i området i fram tiden.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are seen as backbone for economic growth because they are regarded as catalyst for entrepreneurial skills, innovation and employment. Since in Sweden approximately 99.89% of enterprises are SMEs, they take an important role in country’s economic development.        Most of the countries especially EU nations have abolished the statutory audit provision for (SMEs). The new Swedish legislation of statutory audit exemption came into effect on 1st November, 2010. In accordance with this new legislation, (SMEs) within two out of three following criteria; turnovers 3 million Swedish Kronor, balance sheet total 1.5 million Swedish Kronor and 3 total numbers of employees are exempted from statutory audit requirement. Despite the fact that audit exempted SMEs are voluntarily conducting financial statements audited.                       As per above matters, this study finds the expected benefits of audit exempted SMEs in Sweden when they go for voluntary audited financial statements. In order to attain our research findings, this study chooses to conduct qualitative research method by semi- structured interviews with respondents from SMEs. Besides that, bankers’ opinion on audited financial statements and voluntary audits are discussed in order to complement our main research finding.  When it comes to collect empirical data, we use convenient data sampling from Sweden, particularly in Umeå due to the cost and time limitations.            According to our empirical results, the expected benefits for audit exempted SMEs in Sweden voluntarily conducting their financial statements audit are as follow: Security with the audited financial information Right amount of tax paid to tax authorities Easy to get bank loan                 Better relation with creditors, investors and suppliers   In accordance with empirical results of bankers, we can confirm that bank will grant loan easily to clients who have their financial accounts audited. As a contribution of new knowledge we find that in Sweden, banks used credit scoring lending technique when it comes to grant bank loan. The interest rate determination is also relied on credit rating of companies. Companies who have good credit rating will be granted loan with lower interest rate. As for small companies who would like to get external financing from banks, the requirement criteria could describe as; audited financial statements, collaterals, business plan, owners’ grantee for loan repayment and good credit history.

Studiens syfte var att genom en kvantitativ granskning av domstolsfall gällande grov kvinnofridskränkning undersöka om fängelsestraffets längd varit associerat med de olika åtalspunkter som styrkts. Vidare undersöktes eventuella samband mellan vittnesmål om olika typer av våld och huruvida dessa återfanns i de styrkta åtalspunkterna. Olika former av upprepat och systematiskt våld som drabbar kvinnor i nära relationer har bedömts ske i så pass hög utsträckning att det både på internationell och nationell nivå betraktas som en folkhälsofråga. Inom svensk lagstiftning finns en unik möjlighet att ta krafttag mot denna typ av brottslighet i form av brottsrubriceringen grov kvinnofridskränkning. Detta möjliggör att samla flera enskilda och i sig straffbara handlingar och gå till åtal för vad som då kan anses utgöra ett grovt brott och därmed möjliggöra att strängare påföljd döms ut än vad som är möjligt vid enskilda brottstillfällen. Intentionen med lagstiftningen var att ge en samlad bild av kvinnans utsatthet och möjliggöra att även de straffrättsligt lindriga gärningarna inkluderas. Den aktuella studiens resultat visade att trots detta så var det fysiskt våld som hade en avgörande roll i dessa åtal och att man därmed kan ifrågasätta huruvida rättsväsendet lyckas nå upp till det mål som var avsett med brottsrubriceringen. / The aim of this study was, through a quantitative review of court cases concerning serious women’s peace violations, to investigate whether the length of the prison sentence was associated with the various charges that were confirmed. Furthermore, any connection between testimonies of various types of violence and whether they were found in the substantiated charges was investigated. Various forms of repeated and systematic violence affecting women in intimate partner relationships have been assessed to such an extent that, at both international and national levels, it is considered a public health issue. Swedish legislation offers a unique opportunity to take action against this type of violation of women's rights. This means an opportunity to collect several individual and in itself criminal offenses and to prosecute as what can then be considered a serious crime and thereby enable more severe penalties to be sentenced than possible in individual criminal cases. The intention of the legislation was to provide a unified picture of the woman’s vulnerability and to enablethe less severe criminal offences to be included as well. The result of the current study showed that, despite this, it was physical violence that had a crucial role in these prosecutions which in turn raises the question whether one fails to reach the goal that was intended with the criminal classification.