Submitted, together with another part previously published(listed on p. (2)), as Thesis (doctoral)--Universitetet i Umeå, 1990. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

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The aim of this study is to examine the gender effects of the introduction of coeducation in the Swedish scout and guide movement in the late 1960’s. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of transcendence and immanence, the study initially focuses on the differences between and characteristics of the two social communities formed by the female-only Swedish Girl Scout Association (Sveriges Flickors Scoutförbund) and the male-only Scout Association of Sweden (Sveriges Scoutförbund). The focus is on how the two associations constructed gender, and how the differences are to be interpreted. It is clear from the study that the transcendence of the individual girl was an important educational goal in the Girl Scout Association’s construction of gender. With the organization’s intellectual roots in the reform-pedagogics’ movement, it stressed independence and self-reliance, and fostered an egalitarian, non-hierarchical outlook on the Girl Scout movement nationally and internationally. The individual Girl Scout’s ability to act morally was presumed to be intrinsic. The male Scout Association, on the other hand, being pedagogically closer to the original ideas of Scouting’s founder Baden-Powell, focused on discipline, adventure, physical training and regulation by external, universal rules in its construction of gender. These differing educational approaches fit in well with the results of the gender based research on scouting. Subsequently, the study compares these results with the new, coeducational programme launched in 1968, seven years after the merger of the two single sex associations into the joint Swedish Scout and Guide Association (Svenska Scoutförbundet). The questions in focus in this part of the study are which characteristics of the respective single sex associations prevailed, and how the merger can be understood from a gender perspective. The coeducational programme mainly reflected the previous values of the male-only Scout Association of Sweden. However, the new programme was not just a brush-up of the previous Boy Scout approach, but rather the thitherto-greatest break with the educational tradition carried on and step by step developed from Scouting for Boys. The need for such radical changes was most likely prompted by the fact that the Boy Scout movement of Sweden was finding itself increasingly out of touch with the post-war society.

This essay is a study of the various attitudes and behavioral habits for music consumption and discovery of new music amongst young people in Sweden from a receivers perspective. The aim of the study is to review and map out the current trends, habits and cultural views on music consumption. An online survey was posted and spread on Facebook with 195 respondents as a result. The analyzed result and conclusions of the survey was then to be of use for understanding how to market and spread new music more efficiently. The study showed that there are three dominating sources of music for youth in Sweden. Whether it is discovering new music, sharing music, or just consuming music through media platforms, the three dominating trends are; friends, social media and streaming services. The traditional media channels such as TV and radio are losing power compared to earlier generations but are still vital for music marketing when working in symbiosis with positive audience response. Most of the young people in our study use the combination computer-streaming service to listen to music and discover new music through friends. They also value music recommendations from friends the most. A lot of the young people also discover music through social media, such as Facebook. The study showed that the people who discovered music through social media also used social media for sharing music. Ergo, we believe the most important channels to focus on, if you want to reach as many recipients as possible when marketing and spreading new music with young people in Sweden as the target audience, is Facebook and Spotify, while also keeping in mind the importance of Word Of Mouth and Buzz Marketing.

Who is responsible for youth policy implementation? This thesis attempts to deepen our understanding of Swedish and Nordic youth policy. Youth policy is cross-sectoral and includes all the decisions and measures affecting the conditions of young people. National youth policy therefore concerns young people's life situations in a number of different areas, such as work, housing, education, health, leisure and influence. The purpose of the study is to increase the knowledge of youth policy work the last century by understanding the impact of youth research concerning adults' role in youth policy implementation.   A mixed method approach has been applied to the study: interviews, documents and youth theory have been analysed. The results show that youth research had a major impact on the Swedish youth policy. It also shows that the state has an important role in the implementation of youth policies. To create a youth policy that meets the democratic mandate, it is necessary to create a systematic approach and guidelines for municipalities. The study has clearly shown that the state's role in the democratic mandate differ significantly over time and that adults' role in the implementation is of great importance. The study draws attention to the perception of adults over time and how adults are increasingly seen as a barrier to young people's democratic schooling, and on what grounds this opinion rests. It is proposed that views on the democratic mandate will be extended from a municipal focus to the state where youth policy have a broader focus that takes account of national welfare goals based on a policy all municipalities has to be involved in.

Background: Risk perception has been studied concerning the use of marijuana and it impacts the intention to use that specific substance. Aim: The aim was to study the association between the perceived risk of cannabis use and cannabis use among Swedish youth after controlling for gender, age, and education. The aim was also to study whether the association between the perceived risk of cannabis use and cannabis use was different according to gender. Method: The thesis project was based on data from the Flash Eurobarometer 330 - Youth Attitudes on Drugs. Results: When age and education were controlled for, both among Swedish youth and among male participants, the perceived risk had an association with cannabis use - higher risk perception entailed a lower use. Discussion: The association between the perceived risk of cannabis use and cannabis use appears to be due to the impact of risk perception on behaviour. Conclusion: By preserving the risk perception that Swedish youth have of cannabis, it may be possible to protect them from the potential harm that cannabis use cause.