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This study investigated possible effects of hypoxic training upon speed of high school sprint freestyle. Thirty-eight subjects, grouped as their two schools, performed identical loads during the ten-week program. The Experimental group used hypoxic techniques for about one-half of each workout. Pretests and posttests conducted for the 50-yard and 100-yard distances yielded highly correlated mean scores, with marked differences between the two groups. Analysis of covariance was used, selecting the .05 level for rejection. The comparison of adjusted group means indicated neither group superior at 50 yards, while the 100-yard F-ratio was significant at the .0047 level favoring hypoxic training. It is recommended that hypoxic techniques be incorporated into existing programs, possibly benefitting other strokes.

Swimming performance is primarily judged on the overall time taken for a swimmer to complete a specified distance performing a stroke that complies with current regulations defined by the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), the International governing body of swimming. There are three contributing factors to this overall time; the start, free swimming and turns. The contribution of each of these factors is event dependent; for example, in a 50m event there are no turns, however, the start can be a significant contributor. To improve overall performance each of these components should be optimised in terms of skill and execution. This thesis details the research undertaken towards improving performance-related feedback in swimming. The research included collaboration with British Swimming, the national governing body for swimming in the U.K., to drive the requirements and direction of research. An evaluation of current methods of swimming analysis identified a capability gap in real-time, quantitative feedback. A number of components were developed to produce an integrated system for comprehensive swim performance analysis in all phases of the swim, i.e. starts, free swimming and turns. These components were developed to satisfy two types of stakeholder requirements. Firstly, the measurement requirements, i.e. what does the end user want to measure? Secondly, the process requirements, i.e. how would these measurements be achieved? The components developed in this research worked towards new technologies to facilitate a wider range of measurement parameters using automated methods as well as the application of technologies to facilitate the automation of current techniques. The development of the system is presented in detail and the application of these technologies is presented in case studies for starts, free swimming and turns. It was found that developed components were able to provide useful data indicating levels of performance in all aspects of swimming, i.e. starts, free swimming and turns. For the starts, an integrated solution of vision, force plate technology and a wireless iii node enabled greater insight into overall performance and quantitative measurements of performance to be captured. Force profiles could easily identify differences in swimmer ability or changes in technique. The analysis of free swimming was predominantly supported by the wireless sensor technology, whereby signal analysis was capable of automatically determining factors such as lap times variations within strokes. The turning phase was also characterised in acceleration space, allowing the phases of the turn to be individually assessed and their contribution to total turn time established. Each of the component technologies were not used in isolation but were supported by other synchronous data capture. In all cases a vision component was used to increase understanding of data outputs and provide a medium that coaches and athletes were comfortable with interpreting. The integrated, component based system has been developed and tested to prove its ability to produce useful, quantitative feedback information for swimmers. The individual components were found to be capable of providing greater insight into swimming performance, that has not been previously possible using the current state of the art techniques. Future work should look towards the fine-tuning of the prototype system into a useable solution for end users. This relies on the refinement of components and the development of an appropriate user interface to enable ease of data collection, analysis, presentation and interpretation.

Purpose of this thesis is to determine how affects has basic swimming training on mobility and flexibility on elementary school children. Use the appropriate tests mobility and flexibility. I examinand how is mobility changing. Testing will take twice. The first test will take at the beginning of swimming training. The second test will take place at the end of swimming training, the last hour. Then I measured results are compared and evaluated. The theoretical part is about characteristics young school age and to explain and clarify the basic concepts. The experimental part describes the methods and the results are verbal evaluation.

[Truncated abstract] Resilience is a concept that originated from behavioural science; a branch of research aimed at explaining unexpected benign or malignant outcomes associated with human development. It is a psychological construct that encompasses both cognitive and behavioural responses to negative situations and appears to exist at both an individual and group level. As a concept, resilience receives considerable attention from researchers within developmental psychology fields, who primarily identify numerous risk and protective factors. Within sport, however, researchers have demonstrated a preference for the examination of more traditional concepts, such as coping strategies. Moreover, few investigations in either domain employ a cogent theoretical framework to guide the research. Therefore, the present research program utilises Personal Construct Psychology (PCP; Kelly, 1955) principles to direct the proposed research. PCP is a theory about theories that emphasised our underlying ambition to make sense of the world, the events people encounter and themselves. According to Kelly, PCP is guided by the fundamental postulate and 11 corollaries. The PCP research template employed by the current research program promotes the utilisation of multimethod designs (i.e., qualitative and quantitative investigations) in order to understand and facilitate the development of resilience in swimming. Three research investigations are proposed to examine resilience in swimming, and are structured according to PCP. Each investigation is outlined below. Study 1. An interview protocol based upon key elements of Kelly s (1955) psychotherapy retrospective interview protocol was employed to elicit an understanding of resilience in swimming. Fourteen interviews were scheduled with elite Australian swimmers and swimming coaches, utilising the interview schedule. ... Study 3. The aim of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a resilience intervention for youth swimmers. Utilising the data generated from the first study, a resilience enhancement program was designed and delivered to 16 developmental swimmers over a period of three months. Resilience was measured pre, during and post intervention, and three months after the intervention. Resilience was also measured on an age and ability matched control group (n = 20), at the same time points. Results revealed improvements in resilience for the experimental group following the completion of the resilience program. In summary, the present research program employed a PCP (Kelly, 1955) research template to guide the aforementioned studies of resilience. The data collected from the research investigations contributed considerable knowledge to the resilience concept, and the sport psychology field. The qualitative study was the first of its kind to examine the concept in swimming, revealing several elements and process pertaining to resilience that later formed the foundations for the resilience intervention. General conclusions propose that future research combine psychological measurement of resilience and more traditional sport psychology concepts, in addition to the development of a sport specific psychometric measure of resilience.

Title: Use of the cold water regeneration in swimming training. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to find out whether the cold water regeneration is used in training process by swimming clubs of the Czech Republic. Methods: The research was implemented through the questionnaire method. The data collection was carried out within the Czech Republic's swimming clubs registered under the Czech Association of Swimming Sports. The mathematical - statistical method was used to process acquired data. Visual and tabular representations were used to facilitate their visual analysis and overall assessment. Results: The results of the questionnaire method indicated how the cold water regeneration is used by swimming clubs of the Czech Republic. It has been found that swimming coaches in the Czech Republic use cold water regeneration to a minimum. It has been confirmed that the reason is low awareness of the regeneration method. Another reason was the inadequacy of the demonstrable effects of a given regeneration method for swimming. The noticeable value of the results was reduced by low returns of the questionnaires. Keywords: Swimming training, recovery, cold water, regeneration.

Title: Comparison of functions of sports testers designed for control and monitoring of parameters of movement in water Objectives: Comparison and evaluation of individual functions of selected sport-testers in different types of swimming training. Methods: The research group consisted of one probande, a student of Charles University FTVS. In the research, we chose a controlled observation method to detect and compare the individual functions of selected sports testers over three types of swimming training. Results: Based on an analysis of the accuracy of the recording of observed quantities for individual sporttesters, we found that the sporttesters Polar and Garmin can be used both to manage and guide and control swimming training. However, the final record needs to be supplemented by the exact sum of the swimming metres, which in turn refines the results of the average swimming speed. The Swimmo sports tester was rated the worst, based on inaccurate measurements of individual quantities and instrument control. In an overall assessment of all devices and their parameters, the Sporttester Polar was the best. Keywords: heart rate, swimming training, Garmin, Polar, Swimmo

Topic: The Factors Influencing Early Termination of Swimming Career in China Goals: We studied a number of young Chinese swimmers who experienced early retirement. Great attention is paid to the reasons why Chinese swimmers ended their careers at a relatively young age. The goal of this thesis is to find out reasons that make Chinese swimmers choose to end their career during their top-performance period and at a much younger age compared with their counterparts worldwide. Meanwhile, finding potential solutions to the situation is also considered as one of the goals of the thesis. Methods: On the basis of literature review, in this study, we collect the characteristics of Chinese swimmers who have experienced early intensive specialized training by conducting observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Results: The number of Chinese swimmers who took early retirement increased incredibly during past twenty years. According to the interviews and the results of the questionnaires, the reasons why Chinese swimmers tend to finish their career at a relatively young age can be classified as follows: 1. Despite the professional training, they lack the spirit while they are training. 2. There are few materials guarantees after they finish their career. 3. Not all swimmers are given what they deserve due...

Title: Planning and Analysis swimmers training in the basic stage Objectives: The aim of the study was to experimentally applied training plan for swimmers in the basic stage of sports training. At the same time through achieved performance at selected competitions verify the effectiveness and validity of the implemented plan. Methods: In this work we used the method of experimental applications training plan. The method of indirect observation of the diagnostic techniques in swimming flume. The method of direct observation techniques for the implementation of training. Furthermore, for the diagnosis of swimming techniques was designed and used tables for qualitative analysis of swimming styles. Comparison method were compared to selected indicators of general training and the achieved performance swimmers. And lastly, was also used the method Conconi test for the detection of physiological parameters in stress tests. Results: We found that the training program was effective. Has improved the technical level swimmers and achieved performance improvement in swimming competitions. The test subjects were also monitored parameters VO2 max. In during the training plan was found at one swimmer improvement, and at the second swimmer decrease. Keywords: swimming training, basic stage training, swimming technique,...

Title: Planning and Analysis swimmers training in the basic stage Objectives: The aim is to experimentally apply an annual training plan developed based on previous training to a selected swimmers in the basic stage in given conditions. Subject to monitoring and recording are general indicators of training, diagnostic techniques swimming styles and selected functional indicators. Through track record at selected competitions we have verified the effectiveness and validity of the implemented plan. Part of this work was partial Comparison with the preparation of training swimmers successful section of the same age category. Methods: In this work we used the method of experimental applications training plan, a method of indirect observation of the diagnostic techniques in swimming flume. Another method was direct observation techniques for monitoring the implementation of training. Furthermore, for the diagnosis of swimming techniques designed and used tables qualitative analysis of swimming styles. Comparison method were compared to selected indicators of general training and the achieved performance swimmers. To determine the functional parameters were used spiroergometric complete stress testing on treadmill carpet. Results: We found that the training program was effective. Has improved the...