My dissertation involves teaching students in elementary schools. The task of my theoretical portion is retaining basic swimming lessons for children in swimming schools. The practical portion is focused on the findings of the children's abilities based upon the output and input test of basic swimming skills. Another part of the practical portion involves creating a twenty hour educational program and design the classroom's cirrculum. Between the main methods of my research, it involves observing children, and scoring their abilities to accomplish basic swimming skills with comparing obtained data. KEYWORDS definition of swimming, elementary students, swimming schools, basic swimming lesson, basic swimming skill

The thesis deals with a swimming training of asthmatic children and its impact on this disease. The work is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part the focus is on the description of the bronchial asthma, causes o fit as well as on the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the importance of swimming for asthmatic children and how the water environment affects their health impairments are measured. The practical part is focused on swimming training of children who have been diagnosed with asthma. Various physiological parameters of children are being monitored during the training. These parameters include the frequency of breathing, heart rate, frequency of asthma attacks during swimming lessons from the first one to the last one. The last measured parameter is the of improvement or worsening of the conditions of swimmers (number of meters swimmed depending on time) - asthmatics, dependent on the swimming training. Keywords bronchial asthma, children diagnosed with asthma, spirometry, swimming, swimming training

TITLE Influence of the obligatory swimming course on flexibility of children in younger school age at Hostýnská Primary School AUTHOR Kate ina Merrelová DEPARTMENT Department of physical education SUPERVISOR PaedDr. Irena Svobodová ABSTRACT This Master thesis aims at flexibility of children in younger school age. Specifically, to determine the effect of basic swimming course on the joint mobility of younger school age. We will use verified tests for joint mobility for this detection. The testing will take place twice. The first time it will be at the beginning of the swimming course and the second time it will be after two months of ongoing swimming course. The tested group will consist of pupils from the Hostýnská Primary School who have participated in the swimming course. Boys and girls will be represented equally. The theoretical part will focus on the characteristics of younger school age, the characteristics of motor skills, especially on flexibility and swimming and swimming training. The practical part will be devoted to the description of research and analysis of the results of individual tests. KEYWORDS Swimming course, coordination, flexibility, children, Junior classes of Primary School

Subject matter: Training optimization of swimming of school-age children Objectives: The main goal of this research work is to suggest a model of advanced swimming training lessons with school-age children. Swimming training is practised in deep swimming pool. Next goal is to create an inventory of games and game disciplines which are suitable for training in deep water. Through the analysis of specialized literature and realization of experimental education we will be able to formulate new pieces of knowledge and introduce practical experience as a recommendation for practice. Method: The research work will observe swimming skills of school-age children within the advanced swimming training. The method of direct participant observation, measurement and scaling will be used. Results: Check on a model training we find out that advanced swimming trainning practised in deep water requires modifications of didactic methods of swimming skill training and swimming locomotion. Constant training of basic swimming skills, well- considered practises on a shore, motivational games and game disciplines are considered as the most important on the advanced swimming training. Key words: advanced swimming training, games, game disciplines, deep swimming pool/water, unsuitable swimming conditions

The aim of the diploma thesis is to observe the influence of articular mobility through swimming lessons in younger school age children. Verified articulated mobility tests are used for these findings. Testing will take place twice, at the beginning and at the end of the swimming training over the course of one half-year. Testing will be done in two groups of children. The first group consists of students who participate in compulsory swimming lessons. The second group consists of children regularly taking part in swimming training in the swimming section in Brandýs nad Labem. In addition, people divided into swimmers and non-swimmers, and into boys and girls, were tested. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of motor abilities with focus on flexibility, characteristics of younger school age children and swimming training and swimming. The practical part consists of a description of the experiment and analysis of the results of the individual flexibility tests. The results of the work have shown that swimming is an appropriate means of developing flexibility. Improvements in all the groups studied were confirmed. KEYWORDS motor ability, flexibility, swimming, swimming training, younger school age, motor tests, student

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O acúmulo crônico de gordura no fígado (doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica ou esteatose hepática não alcoólica - NAFLD) está fortemente associada com a obesidade e a resistência à insulina. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do exercício físico (natação) na redução da esteatose hepática e comorbidades associadas, incluindo a expressão hepática de síntese de ácidos graxos e receptor proliferador de peroxissoma atividade alfa. Camundongos machos C57BL/6 foram divididos em dois grandes grupos de acordo com a dieta durante 22 semanas: dieta padrão (10% de gordura, SC) ou dieta rica em gordura (60% de gordura, HF), caracterizando os grupos sedentários SC-Sed e HF-Sed. Nas últimas 10 semanas do experimento, metade dos grupos sedentários foram submetidos ao protocolo de natação com um aumento progressivo no tempo (6/dia até 60/dia, 5x/semana), caracterizando os grupos exercitados: SC-Ex e HF-Ex. No final do experimento, comparado ao grupo SC-Sed, o grupo HF-Sed teve a massa corporal significativamente superior, hiperglicemia, hiperinsulinemia com resistência à insulina, hipertrofia dos adipócitos (com infiltrado inflamatório), hipertrofia das ilhotas pancreáticas, dislipidemia, alteração das enzimas hepáticas e inflamatórias e NAFLD com mudanças na expressão de proteínas hepáticas lipogênicas e oxidativas. O programa de natação, mesmo concomitante com a dieta rica em gordura, reduziu o excesso de peso e todos os outros resultados, especialmente a NAFLD. Os resultados permitem concluir que a natação pode atenuar os efeitos deletérios de uma dieta rica em gorduras combinado com estilo de vida sedentário em camundongos. Estes dados reforçam a idéia que o exercício físico pode ser considerado uma estratégia terapêutica não farmacológica eficaz no tratamento da NAFLD, obesidade e resistência à insulina. / Chronic accumulation of fat in the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD) is a morbid condition strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming training in reducing the NAFLD and associated comorbidities, including the hepatic expression of fatty acid synthesis and peroxisome proliferator receptor activity-alpha . Male C57BL/ 6 mice were separated into two major groups according to their nutrition and studied during 22 weeks: standard chow (10% fat, SC) or high fat chow (60% fat, HF), characterizing the sedentary groups SC-Sed and HF- Sed. In the last 10 weeks of the experiment, half of the sedentary groups were submitted to a swimming training with a progressive increase in duration, characterizing the exercised groups: SC-Ex and HF-Ex. At the end of the experiment, considering the findings in the SC-Sed group, HF-Sed group had significantly higher body mass, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia with insulin resistance, hypertrophy of the adipocytes (with inflammatory infiltrate), hypertrophy of the pancreatic islets, dyslipidemia, altered liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines, and NAFLD with changes in gene expression of hepatic lipogenic and oxidative proteins. The swimming program, even concomitant with the high-fat diet, reduced overweight and all the other worst findings, especially NAFLD. The results allow the conclusion that swimming training can attenuate the morbid effects of a high-fat diet combined with sedentary lifestyle in mice. These data reinforce the notion that swimming exercise can be considered an efficient nonpharmacologic therapy in the treatment of NAFLD, obesity and insulin resistance.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O acúmulo crônico de gordura no fígado (doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica ou esteatose hepática não alcoólica - NAFLD) está fortemente associada com a obesidade e a resistência à insulina. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do exercício físico (natação) na redução da esteatose hepática e comorbidades associadas, incluindo a expressão hepática de síntese de ácidos graxos e receptor proliferador de peroxissoma atividade alfa. Camundongos machos C57BL/6 foram divididos em dois grandes grupos de acordo com a dieta durante 22 semanas: dieta padrão (10% de gordura, SC) ou dieta rica em gordura (60% de gordura, HF), caracterizando os grupos sedentários SC-Sed e HF-Sed. Nas últimas 10 semanas do experimento, metade dos grupos sedentários foram submetidos ao protocolo de natação com um aumento progressivo no tempo (6/dia até 60/dia, 5x/semana), caracterizando os grupos exercitados: SC-Ex e HF-Ex. No final do experimento, comparado ao grupo SC-Sed, o grupo HF-Sed teve a massa corporal significativamente superior, hiperglicemia, hiperinsulinemia com resistência à insulina, hipertrofia dos adipócitos (com infiltrado inflamatório), hipertrofia das ilhotas pancreáticas, dislipidemia, alteração das enzimas hepáticas e inflamatórias e NAFLD com mudanças na expressão de proteínas hepáticas lipogênicas e oxidativas. O programa de natação, mesmo concomitante com a dieta rica em gordura, reduziu o excesso de peso e todos os outros resultados, especialmente a NAFLD. Os resultados permitem concluir que a natação pode atenuar os efeitos deletérios de uma dieta rica em gorduras combinado com estilo de vida sedentário em camundongos. Estes dados reforçam a idéia que o exercício físico pode ser considerado uma estratégia terapêutica não farmacológica eficaz no tratamento da NAFLD, obesidade e resistência à insulina. / Chronic accumulation of fat in the liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD) is a morbid condition strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming training in reducing the NAFLD and associated comorbidities, including the hepatic expression of fatty acid synthesis and peroxisome proliferator receptor activity-alpha . Male C57BL/ 6 mice were separated into two major groups according to their nutrition and studied during 22 weeks: standard chow (10% fat, SC) or high fat chow (60% fat, HF), characterizing the sedentary groups SC-Sed and HF- Sed. In the last 10 weeks of the experiment, half of the sedentary groups were submitted to a swimming training with a progressive increase in duration, characterizing the exercised groups: SC-Ex and HF-Ex. At the end of the experiment, considering the findings in the SC-Sed group, HF-Sed group had significantly higher body mass, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia with insulin resistance, hypertrophy of the adipocytes (with inflammatory infiltrate), hypertrophy of the pancreatic islets, dyslipidemia, altered liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines, and NAFLD with changes in gene expression of hepatic lipogenic and oxidative proteins. The swimming program, even concomitant with the high-fat diet, reduced overweight and all the other worst findings, especially NAFLD. The results allow the conclusion that swimming training can attenuate the morbid effects of a high-fat diet combined with sedentary lifestyle in mice. These data reinforce the notion that swimming exercise can be considered an efficient nonpharmacologic therapy in the treatment of NAFLD, obesity and insulin resistance.

TITLE: Influence of swimming on increasing flexibility as a component of the desterity of primary school pupils in the Louny region. AUTHOR: Bc. Veronika Benková DEPARTMENT: Department of physical education SUPERVISOR: PaedDr. Irena Svobodová ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to find out how basic swimming training taking place in Louny region affects joint mobility in children of younger school age and at the same time, compare the results of the measured group with similar, already conducted research from 2015 and 2018. In order to get results, proven joint mobility tests are used. Testing will take place twice in total; before the beginning and at the end of the swimming training, e. g. after the end of the ten two-hour lessons period. This research will be conducted for about ten weeks. Testing will take place at two primary schools. The test persons were divided according to gender into boys and girls, as well as whether they are non-swimmers and swimmers. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of younger school age, motor skills - especially joint mobility, swimming training and swimming. In the practical part, I describe individual flexibility tests and the results gained from these tests. The work showed that swimming helps to develop flexibility, but in comparison with previous...

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to find out how swimming training affects the development of selected coordination skills in children of younger school age. Selected motor tests were used for this finding. The study group was a group of girls and boys of younger school age. Testing was performed twice for each student. The first testing took place at the beginning of the school year at the beginning of the school training. The second testing took place after completing five swimming lessons. The theoretical part of the work is focused on swimming, motor skills, coordination skills and characteristics of younger school age. In the practical part there are processed, compared and evaluated the results of coordination tests. In the processing of results were used methods of testing, observation, statistical method of data processing, arithmetic averaging, mode and median methods. The summary results showed that swimming training has a positive effect on the coordination skills of children of younger school age, as an improvement was found in all tested individuals. KEYWORDS swimming training, coordination skills, swimming methods, tests, swimmer, younger school age

O treinamento por natação leva a uma sobrecarga de volume no coração, que induz a hipertrofia cardíaca (HC) excêntrica, com aumento da massa e do diâmetro cardíaco. Neste trabalho foram investigadas as adaptações no sistema cardiovascular e na expressão de genes relacionados à HC patológica, na gênese da HC por treinamento de natação. 42 ratas wistar foram divididas em grupos: sedentário controle (SC) treinado protocolo 1 (P1) e treinado protocolo 2 (P2). O treinamento de P1 foi de 1x60min/dia, 5x/semana, por 10 semanas. O de P2 foi igual ao P1 até a 8ª semana. Na 9ª semana 2x/dia e na 10ª semana 3x/dia. Os grupos treinados, em relação ao SC, apresentaram bradicardia de repouso, melhora no desempenho físico do teste máximo e do consumo máximo de oxigênio e HC, sem alterar a pressão arterial média e a expressão dos genes do fator natriurético atrial e da alfa actina esquelética. O grupo P2 apresentou aumento no diâmetro cardíaco e redução da expressão do gene da beta miosina de cadeia pesada. Este último resultado é contrário à literatura para a HC patológica, que mostra o aumento não só da expressão deste gene como a dos outros genes estudados. Os resultados de HC de P2 assemelham-se aos encontrados em estudos recentes com atletas de modalidades de maior componente aeróbio, sendo este um bom modelo para investigação dos mecanismos envolvidos na HC destes atleta / Swimming training leads to a cardiac volume overload that induces excentric cardiac hypertrophy (CH) with an increase in cardiac mass and diameter. Cardiovascular system adaptations and expression of genes relatated with pathological CH were investigated in swimming training CH. We studied 42 wistar females, divided in sedentary control (SC) group, protocol 1 trained group (P1) and protocol 2 trained group (P2). The P1 training program was once a day for 5 times/week for 10 weeks. P2 was the same as P1 until 8th week. In 9th week it was twice a day and in 10th week 3 times a day. Trained groups, in contrast with SC, showed rest bradycardia, improvement in physical performance, maximum oxygen uptake and CH, with no alteration in the medium arterial pressure and in the expression of atrial natriuretic factor and skeletal alpha actin genes. Moreover, P2 showed an increase in cardiac diameter and decrease in the expression of beta myosin heavy chain gene. This expression result is different of patological CH literature wich shows an increase of this gene expression and also in the others genes we had investigated. P2 CH results were similar to those recently found in endurance-type athletes, sugesting this is a good model to investigate mechanisms involved in endurance-type athletes CH