The present study is a constrative study of a French medical non-fiction text translated into Swedish. The aim of this study is to examine how French participle and noun phrases are translated into Swedish and thus how the two languages differ from each other. After having translated a French medical non-fiction text into Swedish, we have completed an analysis based on previous studies of Olof Eriksson and the translation theory of Vinay & Darbelnet. We have chosen to divid our analyses into types of transpositions which is a term taken from the translation theory of Vinay & Darbelnet. To be able to discuss alternative translation solutions, we have chosen a qualitative approach for our study. The exempels that we have chosen to discuss in our analysis have mainly been selected based on the frequency of the type of transposition in order to show the most frequent types of transpositions. However, we have found a small number of other types of transpositions that we think are interesting, which is why we have chosen to include them in our analysis. We have to a large extent based our study on Olof Eriksson (1993;1997) and his contrastive studies of Swedish and French. The studies of Eriksson have shown that French participle phrases are the most often translated into a Swedish subjunction. But participle phrases into principal phrases have also shown frequent. Eriksson (1997) note that Swedish prefers a verbal structure and actions are expressed in finite verb formes while the French language tend to use nominal structures. For our study, we have also consulted previous studies conducted by students at post-graduate level. These studies have shown that transpositions where frequent when translating from French to Swedish and that french noun phrases where often subject to change in order to make the noun phrase more verbal in the Swedish target text. In our analysis, we saw that the majority of the participle phrases where translated into Swedish subjunctions. Another frequent type of transposition where French participle phrases translated into Swedish principle clauses. In our study we have also chosen to include the gerund phrases into our analysis. However, we have only found two exemples of gerund in the source texte. But these two exemples have been translated into two different structures in the target text. Regarding the noun phrases, a common type of transposition was a French noun phrase into a Swedish subjunction that starts with the Swedish adverbe “hur”. In summary, our results in this study have been similar to those in the previous studies. Our conclusion is that the Swedish language is centered around the verb while the French language is more centerd around the noun.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des syntagmes nominaux sémantiquement pluriels en chinois mandarin et aux interprétations collective et distributive qui leur sont associées. Elle offre une analyse des formes de pluralité suivantes : le syntagme coordonne par gen, les nominaux modifiés par le suffixe -men, ainsi que les sujets ou les objets des groupes verbaux modifies par quan (‘tout’-flottant). A propos du syntagme coordonne par gen, nous montrons que la conjonction gen dans le syntagme ‘A gen B’ lexicalise une contrainte de pluralité nominale par le biais de restrictions sur les conjoints. Notre argument est bâti sur trois points principaux, à savoir que la catégorie des conjoints est nécessairement [+N], que le syntagme coordonne par gen n’introduit que des individus pluriels dans le discours et que ce syntagme porte la valeur sémantique pluriel [+Pl]. Nous passons aussi en revue différents types de prédicats afin de retracer la distribution des interprétations collective et distributive des syntagmes coordonnés par gen. Ensuite, nous nous penchons sur le suffixe -men et sur l’expression formée par ce suffixe et un nom commun ou un nom propre. Notre examen couvre principalement deux questions, celle de la nature de -men et celle de la (in)définitude de l’expression suffixée par -men en mandarin. Nous soutenons que -men n’est pas un marqueur collectif mais plutôt un marqueur pluriel. Cependant, ce marqueur n’est pas obligatoire, à la différence des marqueur du pluriel tels que -s dans les langues occidentales, le mandarin étant une langue à classificateur. Quant à l’(in)définitude de l’expression suffixée par -men, nous admettons que c’est un pluriel défini, mais ceci du fait que -men ne s’attache qu’aux pronoms personnels et aux noms d’humains, noms qui occupent le hautde la hiérarchie d’animacité. Donc l’expression suffixée par -men hériterait de la définitude en partie de la nature de son domaine fortement individué. Enfin, nous nous intéressons a l’interprétation distributive des syntagmes nominaux dans la phrase ou figure l’adverbe quan (‘tout’-flottant). Nous affirmons que quan impose la lecture distributive de manière autonome et nous en proposons une analyse en tant que modificateur de prédicat d’évènement. Quan cible un nominal relie par un θ-rôle et encapsule dans ce rôle l’instruction de distribution. La distributivité renforcée par quan implique une relation distributive entre deux entités : le nominal qui est sémantiquement pluriel et l’évènement pluriel / The thesis invested the research on the semantically plural nominal phrases in Mandarin Chinese and on their collectif and distributif interpretations. It offered an analysis of the following form of pluralities : the coordinated phrase with gen, the nominals modified by the suffix -men, and the subjects or the objects of the VP modified by quan (the floating quantifier). Concerning the coordinated phrase with gen, we will show that the conjunction gen of the phrase ‘A gen B’ lexicalize the constraint of the plurality via the restrictions on the conjoint elements. Our argument is mainly based on three points : 1) the category of the conjuncts is necessarily [+N] ; 2) coordinated phrases with gen introduce only the plural individuals in the discourse and 3) this nominal phrase characterizes the semantic plural value [+Pl]. We will also examine the different types of predicates in order to retrace thedistribution of collective and distributive interpretations of the coordinated phrases with gen. Then, we look into the suffix –men and the expressions formed by this suffix and a common noun or a proper noun. The investigation will mainly concern two questions : the question of the nature of –men and the question of the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by –men in Mandarin Chinese. We will argue that –men is not a collectif marker, but preferably a plural marker. However, different from plural markers in the western languages for exemple –s, the marker –men in Mandarin Chinese which is typically a classifer language, is not obligatory. Regarding the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by -men, we will admit that they are definite plurals, because of the fact that –men attaches only to only to personal pronouns and humain nouns, the nouns which occupy a high hierarchy of animacity. In consequence, the expressions suffixed by –men partly inherit the definitude of the nature of its considerably individuated domain. Finally, we are interested in the distributive interpretation of the nominal phrases in the sentences wherethe adverbial quan (the floating quantifier) appeares. We will claim that quan imposes the distributive reading in an autonomous manner and we will put forward an analysis of adverbial quan as a modifier of event predicate. Quan targets nominals linked by θ-roles and encapsulate in this role the instruction of distribution. The distributivity reinforced by quan involves a distributive relation between two entities : the nominal which is semantically plural and the plural event.

Cette recherche pseudo-longitudinale privilégiant une approche sociolinguistique et didactique s’inscrit dans le domaine du développement de l’interlangue à travers l’analyse des erreurs morphosyntaxiques du français. Notre public s’est compose des lycéens kenyans anglophones. Cela a été effectué au sein de la capitale du Kenya, Nairobi et de sa banlieue. Les entretiens sur le terrain comprenant des exercices descriptifs et conversationnels à l’oral et à l’écrit, ont mené à la description, l’analyse et l’étiologie des erreurs morphosyntaxiques en français langue étrangère (désormais FLE) dans les productions des apprenants dans un contexte lycéen. L’analyse de ce corpus écrit et oral a révélé les erreurs morphosyntaxiques écrites et orales en français les plus récurrentes ainsi que leurs causes chez les lycéens kenyans. Ce travail s’achève par l’élaboration de propositions didactiques à l’écrit et à l’oral présentant des pistes de réflexion sur la remédiation des erreurs morphosyntaxiques des lycéens kenyans. / This research favoring a sociolinguistic and didactic approach is based on the development of interlanguage through the analysis of morphosyntactical errors in French by English speaking Kenyan high school students in Nairobi and its suburbs. Field research composed of descriptive and conversational oral and written exercises in French as a foreign language was carried out on selected high school students. This paved way to the description and analysis of morphosyntactical errors in French. The analysis of the written and oral corpus helped to identify the most recurrent morphosyntactical and written errors in French, as well as their etiology. This pseudo-longitudinal research culminated in suggested written and oral didactical activities aimed at the correction of these morphosyntactical errors.