Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-27T12:38:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Vanessa BC.pdf: 3586034 bytes, checksum: 316ea63c770fe119be8d734cfdbd6af2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T12:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Vanessa BC.pdf: 3586034 bytes, checksum: 316ea63c770fe119be8d734cfdbd6af2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-08 / CNPQ / Complexos de íons lantanídeos com ligantes -dicetonatos vêm sendo amplamente estudados por apresentarem propriedades interessantes, como a luminescência, o que permite inúmeras aplicações. Conhecendo a importância destes sistemas, desenvolvemos três novas metodologias de síntese para o preparo de complexos do tipo [La(-dicetonato)3L],com L= 1,10 fenantrolina, FEN, ou 2,2 bipiridina, BIPI, que denominamos rota R1, rota R2 e rota R3. Dentre estas metodologias propostas, a rota R3 foi a que se mostrou a mais eficiente tanto para o tempo de obtenção dos complexos puros, quanto nos seus rendimentos globais. Nesta etapa do trabalho foi sintetizado um total de trinta e quatro complexos, cujas estruturas foram caracterizadas por: espectroscopia de Infravermelho; espectroscopia de RMN de 1H; espectroscopia de RMN de 31P, espectroscopia de RMN de 19F e análise elementar. Os complexos intermediários tiveram ainda as massas de seus íons moleculares detectadas por espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF. Também realizamos a síntese de complexos mistos de európio do tipo [Eu(DBM)(BTFA)(TTA)L), via metodologia One Pot, uma rota sintética mais simples que proporcionou uma maior eficiência, menor tempo e uma redução na quantidade do reagente de partida. Estes complexos permitiram um estudo das suas propriedades fotofísicas e observamos que, quando temos os ligantes não iônicos L= FEN ou BIPI, o complexo possui um maior rendimento quântico do que quando temos L= TPPO. Acreditamos que o aumento no rendimento quântico dos complexos ocorreu devido à FEN e BIPI possuírem uma maior rigidez nas suas estruturas. Este efeito foi também confirmado pelos dados das frequências vibracionais mais baixas calculadas pelo Sparkle/RM1 para todos os três complexos com ligantes iônicos mistos: 2.48 cm-1 para TPPO2; 4.28 cm-1 para BIPI; e 4.48cm-1 para FEN. Finalmente, preparamos líquidos iônicos (L.I.) inéditos, a partir de complexos tetrakis de európio do tipo [Eu(-dic)4]-K+. Os líquidos iônicos obtidos são, como esperado, luminescentes, naturalmente possuindo ponto de fusão abaixo de 100°C. Em resumo, desenvolvemos rotas de sínteses mais rápidas e com maiores rendimentos, para obtenção de complexos de lantânio ternários com ligantes não iônicos nitrogenados bidentados, sintetizamos e realizamos estudos fotofísicos de complexos de európio totalmente mistos e desenvolvemos novos líquidos iônicos luminescentes. / Lanthanide ions coordinated to -diketonates have been extensively studied due to their interesting properties, such as luminescence, leading to innumerous applications. Given the importance of these systems, we developed three new synthetic methodologies for the preparation of complexes of the types [La(-diketonate)3L], with L being either 1,10 phenantroline(PHEN) or 2,2 bipyridine(BIPY), which we named routes R1, R2, and R3. Of these, R3, was the route that proved to be the most efficient, both in terms of elapsed time for the preparation of the pure complexes, and of their overall yields. A total of thirty-four complexes was synthesized, all characterized by: IR spectroscopy; 1H, 31P, and 19F NMR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. The intermediate complexes had their molecular ion masses determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We also synthesized mixed ligands europium complexes of the type [Eu(DBM)(BTFA)(TTA)L], via a “one pot” methodology, a much simpler synthetic route leading to more efficiency, less elapsed reaction time and a considerable tenfold reduction of the amount of reagents used. We then measured their photophysical properties which revealed that when the non-ionic ligands PHEN or BIPY were used, these complexes displayed larger quantum yields when compared to the two-TPPO equivalent complex. We believe that such luminescence intensifications are due to the rigidity that PHEN and BIPY impart to their structures. This hypothesis was also reinforced by Sparkle/RM1 calculations of the lower vibrational frequencies of these mixed ionic ligand complexes, which were: 2.48 cm-1 for TPPO2; 4.28 cm-1 for BIPY; and 4.48cm-1 for PHEN. Finally, we also prepared novel ionic liquids from europium tetrakis complexes of the type [Eu(-dik)4]-, using as counter ions cations BMImCl or [P6,6,6,14]+. These newly obtained ionic liquids are luminescent, and, as expected, possess melting points below 100°C. In summary, we developed synthetic routes which resulted much faster and with higher yields for lanthanum ternary complexes with bidentate nitrogen-coordinated ligands, as well as fully mixed ligand europium complexes; studied their photophysical properties and developed novel luminescent ionic liquids.

L'objectif central de notre thèse de doctorat visait l'utilisation d'halogénures d'aryles en tant qu'électrophiles dans des réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique (SNAr). D'abord, nous avons cherché à former des liaisons C(aryl) hétéroatome par réaction entre des nucléophiles hétéroatomiques et des halogénures d'aryles substitués par des groupements électro-attracteurs. Les résultats de cette étude ont été comparés à des incohérences relevées dans la littérature et montrent que l'ordre de réactivité d'halogénures d'aryles communément accepté n'est pas toujours respecté. Un effet positif a été observé par l'ajout de 2,2,6,6-tétraméthyl-3,5-heptanedione pour l'arylation de phénols avec des halogénures d'aryles substitués par des groupements électro-donneurs, ce qui en fait la première méthode capable de générer des diaryléthers par cette voie réactionnelle sans ajout de catalyseurs métalliques. Ensuite, nous avons mis au point une réaction générale d'± arylation de cétones aromatiques avec des halogénures d'aryles dans des conditions réactionnelles douces. L'utilisation du t-BuOK, une base inorganique capable de transferts mono-électroniques, et de DMF comme additif permet la synthèse d'±-arylcétones avec d'excellents rendements. Cette méthode a été appliquée à la synthèse d'hétérocycles fusionnés et de (Z)-tamoxifène, des molécules montrant une activité biologique. Une étude mécanistique a montré que l'anion carbamoyle du DMF est impliqué dans une étape clé de transfert mono-électronique avec des halogénures d'aryles. Nous avons également appliqué cette méthode à la substitution nucléophile vinylique de ″-halostyrènes. Bien que des précédents de la littérature font état de mécanismes ioniques pour les réactions de ces substrats, nos résultats expérimentaux supportent un mécanisme radicalaire. Enfin, nous avons tenté de mettre au point le premier protocole permettant la synthèse de biaryles dissymétriques au départ d'halogénures d'aryles et de triarylbismuths(III) via une catalyse par des sels de cuivre. Malgré le fait que de nombreux ligands bidentates et tétradentates ont été testés, les faibles rendements obtenus font que les conditions réactionnelles demeurent à optimiser. Globalement, nous avons donc apporté une contribution en ce qui concerne la détermination de la frontière expérimentale entre la SNAr et la catalyse métallique, la fonctionnalisation en ± de cétones aromatiques et la synthèse de biaryles dissymétriques par réactions de couplages croisés de triarylbismuths catalysées au cuivre. / The primary objective of our doctoral research was centered on the use of aryl halides as electrophiles for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). First, we tried to create C(aryl)−heteroatom bonds by reacting heteroatom nucleophiles with aryl halides substituted by electron-withdrawing groups. The results of this study were compared with inconsistencies found in the literature and show that the expected order of reactivity of aryl halides is not always observed. A beneficial effect was observed by adding 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione to the reaction of phenols and aryl halides substituted by electron-donating groups in what is the first method allowing the synthesis of diarylethers without added metal catalysts by this pathway. Second, we developed a general α-arylation reaction of aryl ketones with aryl halides under mild reaction conditions. Use of KOt-Bu, an inorganic base capable of single-electron transfer, and DMF as additive enables the synthesis of α-arylketones in excellent yields. This method was applied to the synthesis of fused heterocycles and (Z) tamoxifen, molecules possessing biological activity. A mechanistic study showed that the carbamoyl anion of DMF is involved in a single-electron transfer reaction with aryl halides as the key step of the mechanism. We next applied this method to the nucleophilic vinylic substitution of β-halogenostyrenes. While literature precedents suggest ionic mechanisms for reactions involving these substrates, we obtained experimental evidence suggesting a radical mechanism. Third, we tried to develop the first protocol enabling the copper-catalyzed synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls starting from aryl halides and triarylbismuthanes(III). Although many bidentate and tetradentated ligands were tested, further optimization is required in order to develop a general method, as only low yields are obtained. Globally, we have contributed to the determination of the experimental frontier between SNAr and metallic catalysis, to the α-functionnalization of aryl ketones and to the synthesis of biaryls through copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths.