No / The aim of this paper is to introduce the Systems State Flow Diagram as a structured approach to high level solution-independent function based decomposition of a complex multi-disciplinary system. The approach is discussed in the context of existing function modelling frameworks and in relation to current practice in industry. A generic case study is used to introduce the approach and to highlight the salient features, followed by an illustration on its application to the analysis of an electric vehicle powertrain. Experience with the practical application of the approach with engineering teams is discussed.

Complex adaptive systems are usually difficult to design and control. There are several particular methods for coping with complexity, but there is no general approach to build complex adaptive systems. The challenges of designing complex adaptive systems in a highly dynamic world drive the need for anticipatory capacity within engineering organizations, with a goal of enabling the design of systems that can cope with an unpredictable environment. This thesis explores this question of enhancing anticipatory capacity through the study of a complex adaptive system design methodology and complexity management competencies. A general introduction to challenges and issues in complex adaptive systems design is given, since a good understanding of the industrial context is considered necessary in order to avoid oversimplification of the problem, neglecting certain important factors and being unaware of important influences and relationships. In addition, a general introduction to complex thinking is given, since designing complex adaptive systems requires a non-classical thought, while practical notions of complexity theory and design are put forward. Building on these, the research proposes a Complex Systems Life-Cycle Understanding and Design (CXLUD) methodology to aid system architects and engineers in the design and control of complex adaptive systems. Starting from a creative anticipation construct - a loosening mechanism to allow for more options to be considered, the methodology proposes a conceptual framework and a series of stages to follow to find proper mechanisms that will promote elements to desired solutions by actively interacting among themselves. To illustrate the methodology, a financial systemic risks infrastructure systems architecture development case study is presented. The final part of this thesis develops a conceptual model to analyse managerial complexity competency model from a qualitative phenomenological study perspective. The model developed in this research is called Understanding-Perception-Action (UPA) managerial complexity competency model. The results of this competency model can be used to help ease project manager’s transition into complex adaptive projects, as well as serve as a foundation to launch qualitative and quantitative research into this area of project complexity management.

The matrix-inversion-lemma based recursive least squares (RLS) approach is of a recursive form and free of matrix inversion, and has excellent performance regarding computation and memory in solving the classic least-squares (LS) problem. It is important to generalize RLS for generalized LS (GLS) problem. It is also of value to develop an efficient initialization for any RLS algorithm. In Chapter 2, we develop a unified RLS procedure to solve the unconstrained/linear-equality (LE) constrained GLS. We also show that the LE constraint is in essence a set of special error-free observations and further consider the GLS with implicit LE constraint in observations (ILE-constrained GLS). Chapter 3 treats the RLS initialization-related issues, including rank check, a convenient method to compute the involved matrix inverse/pseudoinverse, and resolution of underdetermined systems. Based on auxiliary-observations, the RLS recursion can start from the first real observation and possible LE constraints are also imposed recursively. The rank of the system is checked implicitly. If the rank is deficient, a set of refined non-redundant observations is determined alternatively. In Chapter 4, base on [Li07], we show that the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator, as well as the optimal Kalman filter (KF) considering various correlations, can be calculated from solving an equivalent GLS using the unified RLS. In Chapters 5 & 6, an approach of joint state-and-parameter estimation (JSPE) in power system monitored by synchrophasors is adopted, where the original nonlinear parameter problem is reformulated as two loosely-coupled linear subproblems: state tracking and parameter tracking. Chapter 5 deals with the state tracking which determines the voltages in JSPE, where dynamic behavior of voltages under possible abrupt changes is studied. Chapter 6 focuses on the subproblem of parameter tracking in JSPE, where a new prediction model for parameters with moving means is introduced. Adaptive filters are developed for the above two subproblems, respectively, and both filters are based on the optimal KF accounting for various correlations. Simulations indicate that the proposed approach yields accurate parameter estimates and improves the accuracy of the state estimation, compared with existing methods.

This thesis presents a novel concolic testing methodology and CORT, a test generation framework that uses it for high-level functional test generation. The test generation effort is visualized as the systematic unraveling of the control-flow response of the design over multiple (factored) explorations. We begin by transforming the Register Transfer Level (RTL) source for the design into a high-performance C++ compiled functional simulator which is instrumented for branch coverage. An exploration begins by simulating the design with concrete stimuli. Then, we perform an interleaved cycle-by-cycle symbolic evaluation over the concrete execution trace extracted from the Control Flow Graph (CFG) of the design. The purpose of this task is to dynamically discover means to divert the control flow of the system, by mutating primary-input stimulated control statements in this trace. We record the control-flow response as a Test Decision Tree (TDT), a new representation for the test generation effort. Successive explorations begin at system states heuristically selected from a global TDT, onto which each new decision tree resultant from an exploration is stitched. CORT succeeds at constructing functional tests for ITC99 and IWLS-2005 benchmarks that achieve high branch coverage using the fewest number of input vectors, faster than existing methods. Furthermore, we achieve orders of magnitude speedup compared to previous hybrid concrete and symbolic simulation based techniques. / Master of Science / In recent years, the cost of verifying digital designs has outpaced the cost of development, in terms of both resources and time. The scale and complexity of modern designs have made it increasingly impractical to manually verify the design. In the process of circuit design, designers use Hardware Descriptive Languages (HDL) to abstract the design in a manner similar to software programming languages. This thesis presents a novel methodology for the automation of testing functional level hardware description with the aim of maximizing branch coverage. Branches indicate decision points in the design, and tests with high branch coverage are able to thoroughly exercise the design in a manner that randomly generated tests cannot. In our work, the design is simulated concretely with a random test (a sequence of input or stimulus). During simulation, we analyze the flow of behavioral statements and decisions executed to construct a formulaic interpretation of the design execution in terms of syntactical elements, to uncover differentiating input that could have diverted the flow of execution to unstimulated parts of the design. This process is formally known as Concolic Execution. The techniques described in this thesis tightly interleaves concrete and symbolic simulation (concolic execution) of hardware designs to generate tests with high branch coverage, orders of magnitude faster than previous similar work.

Yes / This paper introduces a rigorous framework for function modelling of complex multi-disciplinary systems based on the System State Flow Diagram (SSFD). The work addresses the need for a consistent methodology to support solution neutral function based system decomposition analysis, facilitating the design, modelling and analysis of complex systems architectures. A rigorous basis for the SSFD is established by defining conventions for states and function definition and representation scheme, underpinned by a critical review of existing literature. A set of heuristics are introduced to support the function decomposition analysis and to facilitate the deployment of the methodology with strong practitioner guidelines. The SSFD heuristics extend the existing framework of Otto and Wood (2001) by introducing a conditional fork node heuristic, to facilitate analysis and aggregation of function models across multiple modes of operation of the system. The empirical validation of the SSFD function modelling framework is discussed in relation to its application to two case studies: (i) a benchmark problem (Glue Gun) set for the engineering design community; and (ii) an industrial case study of an electric vehicle powertrain. Based on the evidence from the two case studies presented in the paper, a critical evaluation of the SSFD function modelling methodology is presented based on the function benchmarking framework established by Summers et al (2013), considering the representation, modelling, cognitive and reasoning characteristics. The significance of this paper is that it establishes a rigorous reference framework for the SSFD function representation and a consistent methodology to guide the practitioner with its deployment, facilitating its impact to industrial practice.

This thesis studies the poor development performance of resource-rich developing economies, known as the resource curse. In the first chapter we provide a comprehensive literature review of the topic and the channels through which resource abundance can result in the resource curse. Issues of corruption and governance have been emphasised to be the main driver of the resource curse. This has been illustrated by a negative relationship between resource abundance and corruption control in the literature. However, there is a gap in how natural resources facilitate corruption. In the second chapter, using empirical analysis, we study the role of taxation in the relationship between natural resources and corruption. Taxation is usually seen as a social contract between citizens and government -- people pay taxes and in return they hold their government accountable for efficient allocation of their taxes. Resource abundance shifts the reliance of government from tax incomes to resource rents. People therefore, have no sustainable mechanism to hold their government responsible for corruption and wrongdoings inside public institutions. Using different econometric methods, Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects and 3SLS, our results show that natural resource revenues crowd out incomes from tax revenues. Meanwhile, taxation has a positive and significant impact on the control of corruption throughout our analysis. The results suggest that resource-rich developing countries should invest in building their tax systems to increase their non-resource tax revenues. This will increase state capacity and demand for accountability in the public sector among citizens and hence decreases corruption. Related to our second chapter, in the third chapter we study a cash transfer programme, known as oil-to-cash, which has gained support as a tool to re-establish taxation and fight corruption. Under such a plan, resource revenues are distributed directly among the public and then each citizen is taxed optimally. Through this, government relies directly and fully on its citizens for its income. Hence, taxation is reinstated and the social contract is revived. Within a general equilibrium model we show how this happens and what the implications are of the oil-to-cash programme for economic growth. Our results clearly show how corruption results in a resource curse. Furthermore, the model explains the variation that is seen in the degree of the resource curse across countries. The study also analyses the practical barriers of the oil-to-cash plan. The study suggests that parallel to (or even prior to) such a plan countries need to invest in building their tax system and increasing their administrative capacities.

Orientador: Madson Cortes de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:13:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dardengo_VictorPellanda_M.pdf: 2575363 bytes, checksum: 30d6d4f10eba96b3baa38c14dae17316 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: No planejamento de sistemas de medição para estimação de estado de sistemas de energia elétrica são definidos os tipos, a localização e a quantidade de medidores. Um plano de medição adequado deve garantir a observabilidade da rede, viabilizando a estimação do estado de toda a rede, e permitir a filtragem de erros grosseiros. Para que os erros grosseiros possam ser filtrados é necessário que no plano de medição não estejam presentes medidas e conjuntos críticos. Neste contexto, esta dissertação propõe uma nova metodologia de análise de observabilidade baseada no estimador linearizado regularizado e apresentam duas técnicas de classificação de medidas capazes de identificar medidas críticas, medidas pertencentes a conjuntos críticos e medidas redundantes. A primeira técnica é baseada na fatoração da matriz Gram das medidas e a segunda é baseada na fatoração da matriz Jacobiana das medidas. Além disso, são estudadas e aplicadas técnicas de fatoração com números inteiros que conferem maior robustez 'as metodologias de classificação de medidas. São apresentados testes realizados em redes de pequeno e médio porte que apontam o bom funcionamento dos métodos desenvolvidos e estudados / Abstract: In planning of power systems state estimation are defined the type, the location and the number of meters. An adequate measurement plan have to ensure the observability of the network, enabling the state estimation of the entire network, and allow filtering of gross errors. In order to filter gross errors is necessary in the measurement plan is not present critical measurements and critical sets. In this context, this work proposes a new observability analysis methodology based on the regularized weighted least squares DC state estimator and presents two measurements classification techniques capable of identifying critical measurements, measurements belonging to critical sets and redundant measurements. The first technique is based on the factorization of the measurement Gram matrix and second is based on the factorization of the measurement Jacobian matrix. Furthermore, are studied and applied factorization techniques with integers numbers which give greater robustness to measurements classification methodologies. Tests are presented in small and medium networks size showing the proper functioning of developed and studied methods / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The electric power is one of the key products without which functioning of our society would be hard to imagine. The electricity distribution network is an interconnected system comprising of a manufacturing part producing electricity from various sources, a transmission system of conductors and equipment, distribution systems of high and low voltage, and of technical control stations suitably distributed to control the whole network. Energy security means ensuring continuity of necessary supplies of energy and energy services to accommodate the protected interests of the state. A long-term electric power failure may have serious consequences for the state security, for providing for basic subsistence needs of the population, individual?s health or the state economy. For their maintenance under ordinary as well as emergency conditions it is particularly necessary to ensure functioning of critical infrastructure. The aim of this thesis is to examine the level of preparedness of the subjects within the critical infrastructure for a long-term interruption of electric power supplies and to create a draft of an emergency preparedness plan of a subject within the critical infrastructure focused on a long-term electric power failure. The research part of the thesis has two parts. The first part includes processing and analysis of the data acquired though a questionnaire survey. The second one presents a draft of the emergency preparedness plan of a subject within the critical infrastructure. The results of the questionnaire survey showed a good readiness of the critical infrastructure for a long-term, extensive electric power failure, which confirms the set hypothesis. The thesis introduces the public, particularly the subjects of the critical infrastructure, to the possibilities of occurrence of long-term, extensive electric power failures, with available prevention of such emergency situations and their preparation, planning and solving. The presented emergency plan draft should help with preparation of an emergency readiness plan of a subject within the critical infrastructure, including outlining the ways to solve emergency situations that may arise in relation with a power failure, and thus to improve protection of the critical infrastructure elements.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio de Souza Aranha Cascione.pdf: 551194 bytes, checksum: b85ab45be9a8467a82aaeafa32b9a08e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The occurrence of the great crisis of 2008, comparable in structure to the crisis of 1929, he resurrected the relevance of the study of French regulation theory, largely forgotten in the 2000s (largely due to the prevalence of neoliberal thinking in OECD countries and in some emerging economies such as Brazil). This can be explained by the approach of the scholars of regulation theory about capitalism have begun the study of a crisis of capitalism. Specifically, the final crisis of Fordism in the 1970s, as discussed below. This paper will seek, through the French school of regulation - of Marxist origin - have a look at the Brazilian capitalist mode of regulation in a critical way, and illuminate new possibilities for state intervention in the economy (particularly in the National Financial System), conforms with the establishment of just social relations. The suggestion for a new form of intervention of the National Financial System state1 would be possible and even legitimate, after a good grasp of the theory of regulation. / Muito do que se estuda sobre intervenção estatal na economia parte de um fundamento econômico para definir os modos desta intervenção. Por exemplo, os ensinamentos keynesianos geraram a concepção e introdução do welfare state em muitos países ocidentais. Os ensinamentos de Hayek e Schumpeter deram margem à intervenção através da limitação de monopólios ou oligopólios (SCHUMPETER, 1988). Os neoliberais, reversamente, pregaram a intervenção estatal mínima. Invariavelmente, esses estudos estão alinhados com as várias visões ideológicas voltadas para o estabelecimento de um modo capitalista de estruturação da sociedade. A ocorrência da grande crise de 2008, comparável em termos estruturais à crise de 1929, fez ressurgir a pertinência do estudo da teoria da regulação francesa, praticamente esquecida nos anos 2000 (em grande medida por conta da prevalência do pensamento neoliberal nos países da OCDE e em alguns emergentes, como o Brasil). E isso pode ser explicado pelo fato de a abordagem dos estudiosos da teoria da regulação sobre o capitalismo ter-se iniciado no estudo de uma crise do capitalismo. Especificamente, a crise do final do Fordismo, na década de 1970, como se verá adiante. O presente trabalho procurará, através da escola da regulação francesa - de origem marxista lançar um olhar sobre o modo de regulação capitalista brasileiro de forma crítica, e iluminar novos horizontes para a intervenção estatal na economia (em particular no Sistema Financeiro Nacional), coadunando-se com o estabelecimento de relações sociais justas. A sugestão para uma nova forma de intervenção do Estado1 no Sistema Financeiro Nacional seria possível, e mesmo legitimada, após uma boa apreensão da teoria da regulação.

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