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Uppsatsen undersöker med en systematisk litteraturöversikt centrala teman inom ledarskapsforsk­ningen mellan åren 1940 och 2010. Finns det någon skillnad mellan äldre (1940-1999) och yngre ledarskapsforskning (2000-2010)? Vidare undersöks typ av artik­lar, var de är skrivna och av vem. Uppsatsens analys består av 2815 artiklar som har ordet ”leadership” i titeln, fo­kus var innehållet i titlarna. Utifrån dem analyserades 3910 ord ur titlarna, resultatet blev nio cen­trala teman inom nämnd tidspe­riod. Centrala te­man som hittades var: (1) Individu­alist­iskt/personligt, (2) toppstyrning/hierarkiskt, (3) ut­veckl­ing/förbättring, (4) kommunikation, (5) so­cialt, (6) medarbe­tarskap, (7) vär­de­ord, (8) emotioner och (9) situat­ion/kontext. Toppstyrning/hierarkiskt är vanli­gare i den äldre forskningen än inom den yngre där medarbetarskap är vanligare. Huvudre­sultatet är att medarbe­tar­skap är det vanligaste temat. USA är ledande inom ledarskapsforskningen, den kvantitativa me­toden är dominerande, och man­liga fors­kare bibehåller den hegemoniska ställningen. / In this systematic literature review, the fundamental themes in leadership research between the years 1940 and 2010 were examined, and if there is any difference between older (1940-1999) and younger leadership research (2000-2010). And what kind of articles where they and written by whom? The analysis consists of 2815 articles; focus was the content of the titles. Based on them the analysis was 3910 words, as resulted in nine fundamental themes from the mentioned period of time. The themes were: (1) Individualistic/personal, (2) top-down/hierarchical, (3) development/ enhancement, (4) communication, (5) social, (6) employeeship, (7) values, (8) emotions, and (9) situation/context. Top-down/ hierarchical is more frequent in the older research than in the younger where employeeship is more common. The main result is that employeeship is the most common theme. The U.S. was behind most of the articles and the quantitative method is dominating the research arena, and the male researchers retain the hegemonic position in leadership research.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Software process modelling has been identified as being a vehicle for understanding development processes, controlling development costs, duration, and achieving product quality. In recent years, software process simulation has been becoming one of the essential techniques for effectively investigating and managing software development processes. Till now, most researches focus on the quantitative aspects of process simulation and modelling. Nevertheless, purely quantitative process modelling requires a very detailed understanding and accurate measurement of the software process, which relies on reliable and precise historical data. When such data are lacking or the quality is dubious, quantitative models have to impose severe constraints that restrict the model's value. Unfortunately, these data are not readily available in most cases, especially in the organisations at low process maturity levels. In addition, software development is a highly complex, human-centred endeavour, which involves many uncertain factors in the course of development process. Facing the inherent uncertainty and contingency, though quantitative modelling employs statistic techniques, its conditional capability and underlying assumptions limit its performance on large scale problems. As the alternatives of quantitative approaches, qualitative modelling can cope with a lack of complete knowledge, and predicts qualitative process behaviours. Furthermore, semi-quantitative modelling offers the capability of handling process uncertainty with limited knowledge, and achieves tradeoff between quantitative and qualitative approaches. However, most previous researches omitted these approaches, and the associated methods and applications are far from developed. The main contribution of this research lies in the pioneering work on the models, methods, and applications of qualitative and semi-quantitative software process modelling and simulation, and their relations with the conventional, quantitative modelling approaches. This dissertation produces its novelty from twofold research. Firstly, it explores methods and techniques to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively model and simulate software processes at different levels, i.e. project, portion of development process, and product evolution. Secondly, Some exclusive applications of these modelling approaches are also developed for aspects of software engineering practice. Moreover, a proposed framework integrates these approaches with typical quantitative paradigms to guide the adoption of process simulation modelling in software organisations. As a comprehensive reflection of state-of-the-art of software process simulation modelling, a systematic review is reported in this dissertation as well.

Purpose: The systematic review aimed to review and evaluate constructs and measures of emotion regulation (ER) in the psychosis spectrum population literature. The empirical study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a trans-diagnostic emotion regulation (ER) group developed for an acute inpatient setting. Methods: The literature was systematically searched for research related to the measurement of emotion regulation (ER) in a psychosis spectrum population. A mixed method design was employed to assess acceptability and feasibility of a six session ER skills group delivered in an acute mental health inpatient setting. The group intervention was developed and piloted over a 5 month period. The mixed method design included a multiple single case series design and qualitative exit interviews, conducted with eight participants. Results: 24 papers met criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. 15 different self-report tools were identified as measures of ER strategies in this review. Descriptive data from the empirical study indicated high attendance and low attrition rates. Group level analysis identified large effect sizes for change in ER skills. Case series data indicated that sustained change, on at least one measured variable, occurred for four participants. Qualitative themes triangulate findings related to acceptability of the group, change in ER strategies and increased emotional acceptance. Conclusions: ER conceptualisation is variable in the literature reviewed, where the understanding of how ER and psychosis are linked is limited. The emphasis on the literature reviewed is on cognitive strategies of ER. The pilot study indicates that the intervention is feasible and acceptable, with preliminary evidence identifying potential clinical benefits. The challenges in evaluating interventions in an acute inpatient environment are discussed.

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Obesity is a worldwide problem which affects individuals regardless of age, culture or ethnicity. Obesity is associated with health risks, financial implications, and social consequences. There are numerous explanations for obesity, although even with these explanations, long-term treatment for obesity has not been highly effective. Focussing on the lived experiences of obese individuals may illuminate different understandings which could aid in explaining this. Phenomenology, as a branch of philosophy and employed in this dissertation is concerned with individuals’ lived experiences. The present study conducted a qualitative systematic literature review on phenomenological research on individuals’ experiences of obesity. Nine studies were analysed using a qualitative systematic literature review methodology. The data analysis revealed obese individuals’ experiences in three main themes: control, acceptance, and restriction. The three themes were understood to have an interrelationship with one another, and to be in a continuous dynamic interplay, which cannot be separated and understood in isolation, regarding the participants’ experiences. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lmchunu2014 / Psychology / unrestricted

Class of 2015 Abstract / Objectives: To establish the impact pharmacists can have on adult immunization rates by having pharmacists available to provide, administer, and advocate for immunizations. Methods: The following databases were searched from inception to November 2014: NLM PubMed; Ovid/MEDLINE; and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were comparative studies reporting pharmacist intervention and their impact on immunization rates. Of 38 publications originally identified, 15 met inclusion criteria. Variables examined included study characteristics, pharmacist intervention, and immunization rates. Results: Of the 15 studies we identified, only ten studies could be analyzed in the meta-analysis. All studies showed increases in immunization rates with pharmacist involvement, but there was high variance. Pharmacist interventions at hospital sites had the greatest benefit for increasing immunization rates (average odds ratio [OR], 10.64, confidence interval [CI] 95%, 5.25-21.49). Pharmacist intervention at one or two community sites had the second highest impact (OR, 2.81; CI 95%, 2.31-3.41). Studies covering multiple sites (more than two) showed the lowest increase in immunization rates (OR 2.26; CI 95%, 1.81-2.81). Conclusions: Pharmacist’s involvement in advocating and administering immunizations directly increases immunization rates in some patient populations. The greatest increases in immunization rates can be seen when pharmacists advocate for immunizations in the hospital setting.

The development of competency in clinical supervision is becoming an increasingly important element of training and practice in professional psychology. To assist students in developing supervisory competencies, knowledge of relevant research and effective training methods is required. Three studies were designed to add to the field of supervisor development research. In the first study, I conducted a systematic review to examine the extent to which theoretical models of supervisor development have been used in empirical studies of supervisor development within professional psychology. This study revealed that studies rarely employ theory, and when they do, the Supervisor Complexity Model is the most often used theory, likely because it is the only one with an associated measure, the Psychotherapy Supervisor Development Scale (PSDS; Watkins, Schneider, Haynes, & Nieberding, 1995). Building on the findings of this systematic review, in the second study I conducted a reliability and validity generalization on the PSDS. Reliability and validity generalizations are meta-analytic methods that allow reliability and validity data from a measure to be summarized across studies. Results indicate the PSDS has a history of excellent reliability, and higher scores are found with increased supervisory training and experience, evidence of the scale’s validity. The third study is a meta-analysis of the supervisor development literature, in order to assess the effect sizes of training and experience on supervisory development and self-efficacy. Results indicate that training and experience have significant positive effect sizes, though they do not differ from one another. Based on results from these studies I provide recommendations about: the samples with which the PSDS tool is appropriately used, and how researchers might increase reliability within their own future studies, and evidence based recommendations for competency based education efforts.