Some cultures have customs against women. The sati tradition in India is one of them. According to sati, if the husband dies the woman is set on fire with his corpse. These women are believed to become immortal saints. A woman who dies burning herself on her husband&rsquo / s funeral fire is considered virtuous, and are believed to go to Heaven. Another tradition is &ldquo / female circumcision.&rdquo / It is performed in African countries. People believing in the necessity of this custom circumcise women by cutting their clitoris. Circumcised women cannot have sexually pleasure. These women are there to satisfy men&rsquo / s desires and give birth to babies. The third tradition is the general name of which is t&ouml / re is performed in the eastern parts of Turkey. According to t&ouml / re, women are put on trial by their families and killed if they have any sexual relationships without marriage bond. In other words, even if a woman is raped, she is found guilty because of having a sexual relationship. In this thesis, these issues and how women are degraded in cultures will be discussed by using the works of famous Indian, Black American and Turkish writers. The books that are discussed in this thesis, Nayantara Sahgal&rsquo / s &ldquo / Rich Like Us,&rdquo / Lakshmi Persaud&rsquo / s &ldquo / Raise the Lanterns High,&rdquo / &ldquo / Possessing the Secret of Joy&rdquo / by Alice Walker and &ldquo / Bliss&rdquo / by Z&uuml / lf&uuml / Livaneli all contribute to this study showing how women are oppressed by different customs in different countries, the common point of which is to serve men&rsquo / s interests.

This study aims to find out the structure, logic and meaning patterns of the concept of t&ouml / re as the ethos, that is all social practices, of the Kurdish tribal formation and which, up until now, has been studied in the framework of honour killings (namus cinayetleri) debates rather than a distinct issue in academia. By this way it is aimed to redefine the concept at theoretical and empirical levels. In this study, first of all, the concept of tribe is tackling and it is questioning that what tribe means today as a social and political structure / and searching for the essential tension between the state and tribe due to their perception of sovereignty. In addition to this, it is intended to introduce how t&ouml / re operates in the resolution of everyday disputes of a tribe member. It is aimed to analyze how to articulate and/or dislocate of modern state law and t&ouml / re which based on tribal resolution mechanisms over intra tribal and inter tribal disputes. For this purpose, I conducted a field research with the help of informal interview and participant observation techniques within Kurdish tribes in Mardin, Kiziltepe.

This study examines changing gender roles and women&amp / #8217 / s status under the light of t&ouml / re/yasa and shar&amp / #299 / &amp / #8216 / a among the Inner Asian Turkic and Mongolian societies and Ottomans in Anatolia especially between the thirteenth and the first half of the sixteenth centuries. In this frame, this study traces gender roles and women&amp / #8217 / s status in Inner Asia before the influence of Islamic culture and civilizations by using oral and written sources as well as anthropological studies. It also focuses on the formation of t&ouml / re and yasa among Inner Asian societies and shar&amp / #299 / &amp / #8216 / a in the Muslim world. Finally, this study investigates gender roles and women&amp / #8217 / s status in relation with customary (yasa/t&ouml / re and &ouml / rf-i sultani) and religious laws (shar&amp / #299 / &amp / #8216 / a ) among the Mongol Ilkhans, Timurids and Ottomans. Gender roles and women&amp / #8217 / s status are examined according to political, social and cultural characteristics of these dynasties from a comparative perspective.