Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T11:22:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tatiana Marlene Galvez Sánchez - 2017.pdf: 3124839 bytes, checksum: 942aa6d4fa9aa30babb4eb0d7e04a805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T12:39:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tatiana Marlene Galvez Sánchez - 2017.pdf: 3124839 bytes, checksum: 942aa6d4fa9aa30babb4eb0d7e04a805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T12:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tatiana Marlene Galvez Sánchez - 2017.pdf: 3124839 bytes, checksum: 942aa6d4fa9aa30babb4eb0d7e04a805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Outro / Tuberculin skin test (TST) identifies a previous exposed to M. tuberculosis (Mtb) using an intradermal inoculation of purified protein derivates (PPD) that result in a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DTH). Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) was suggested to replace TST. The IGRA uses antigens, ESAT-6 and CFP-10, absent in all BCG strains and some non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). However, reproducibility and high cost were limitations for endemic countries. For this reason, the development of new diagnose test for latent TB is necessary. Fusion proteins developed by our group has been recognized by the immune response generated by the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus the aim of this work was to evaluate the capacity of CMX or ECMX to be used in a Skin test for tuberculosis. BALB/c mice infected with Mtb were euthanized forty-five days after infection. Spleens, lungs and draining lymph nodes of infected mice were processed and evaluated by flow cytometry Both CD4 and CD8 IFN+ cells were able to recognize rCMX and rECMX. The skin test followed an evaluation of thickness/swelling ≥ PPD 2UT (positive control) to consider positive DTH. Based on thickness, at 24 h, rCMX 25μg (0.37±0.02) and rECMX 15-25μg (0.38±0.03/0,62±0,12) induced a positive DTH response. At 48h, rCMX 25μg (0.28±0.03) and rECMX 25μg (0.5±0.04) induced also a positive DTH reaction. In conclusion, fusion proteins rCMX and rECMX are recognized by infected mice with Mtb and skin test using rECMX 25μg induced better DTH response that of conventional PPD. / A prova tuberculínica (PT) é um teste cutâneo que identifica a exposição prévia ao M. tuberculosis (Mtb), mediante a inoculação via intradérmica do derivado protéico purificado (PPD) de Mtb, o que resulta em uma reação de hipersensibilidade do tipo tardia (DTH). O ensaio de liberação de IFN-γ (IGRA) foi indicado para substituir a PT. O IGRA usa os antígenos ausentes na BCG e algumas micobactérias não causadoras de TB (MNT), ESAT-6 e CFP-10. Porém, apresenta falta de reprodutibilidade e alto custo quando usado em populações endêmicas para TB. Diante disso, o desenvolvimento de novos testes de diagnóstico é necessário. Nosso grupo desenvolveu proteínas de fusão que são reconhecidas por linfócitos gerados pela infecção com Mtb. Assim, o trabalho propõe avaliar a utilização das proteínas rCMX e rECMX no desenvolvimento de um teste cutâneo de diagnóstico para tuberculose. Camundongos BALB/c foram infectados com Mtb H37Rv. Após 45 dias, a infecção induziu linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+ produtores de IFN-γ específicos para rCMX e rECMX no baço, pulmões e linfonodos drenantes. Enquanto ao teste cutâneo realizado 45 dias após a infecção, a leitura de espessura/inchaço ≥ PPD 2UT (controle positivo) indicou uma reação de DTH positiva. Avaliando a espessura 24h após o inóculo, rCMX 25μg (0.37±0.02) e rECMX 15-25μg (0.38±0.03/0,62±0,12) induziram reação de DTH positiva. As 48h, rCMX 25μg (0.28±0.03) e rECMX 25μg (0.5±0.04) também apresentaram reação positiva. Enquanto o inchaço as 24h, só a rECMX apresentou DTH positiva. Em conclusão, este trabalho mostra que as proteínas rCMX e rECMX são reconhecidas pela resposta celular de camundongos infectados com Mtb, e quando usadas no teste cutâneo induziram reação de DTH positiva comparável e até superior ao PPD convencional. Dessa forma, é recomendada a avaliação das proteínas de fusão em outros modelos animais e posteriormente em humanos.

Foram medidos os momentos magnéticos dos estados da banda rotacional do estado fundamental do ANTPOT 159 Tb, através da técnica da distribuição angular perturbada, utilizando-se o campo magnético transiente. Os estados do ANTPOT. 159 Tb foram populados via excitação coulombiana com feixe de ANTPOT. 35 Cl a 88 Me V, sendo os raios -y, emitidos na desexcitação dos estados, observados em coincidência com as partículas retroespalhadas do feixe. Os momentos magnéticos medidos neste trabalho, foram comparados com as previsões de modelos híbridos (rotor+partícula e rotor triaxial+quase-partícula), nos quais a hamiltoniana do núcleo é separada em uma parte fenomenológica que descreve o caroço e uma parte microscópica que leva em conta o movimento da partícula desemparelhada. Os resultados experimentais também foram interpretados com um cálculo puramente microscópico, baseado no modelo de camadas com projeção de momento angular. Os níveis de energia da banda do estado fundamental são bem descritos pelos modelos, embora o staggering em energia previsto pelo modelo rotor triaxial+quase-partícula apresente uma fase de oscilação oposta à observada. Os momentos magnéticos experimentais são bem reproduzidos pelos modelos, nos quais a inclusão de outras configurações sugere uma pequena oscilação, observada nos resultados experimentais. As probabilidades de transição magnéticas B(M1) não são bem descritas por nenhum dos modelos, nos quais a inclusão de várias configurações atenua os valores calculados. / Magnetic moments of the levels in the ground state rotational band of 159Tb were measured using the transient magnetic field perturbed angular distribution technique. The levels in 159Tb were populated by Coulomb excitation with an 88 MeV beam and the deexciting rays were observed in coincidence with backscattered projectiles. The magnetic moments measured in this work were compared with hybrid models (rotor+particle and triaxial rotor+quasiparticle) in which the Hamiltonian of the nucleus is separated in a phenomenological part describing the core and a rnicroscopic part which takes into acconnt the movement of the unpaired particle. The experimental results were also interpreted with a purely microscopic calculation based on the angular momentum projection shell model. The energy levels in the ground state band are well described by the models, although the energy staggering predicted in the triaxial rotor+quasi-particle calculation has a phase opposite to the observed one. The experimental magnetic moments are well reproduced by the models, with the band miring suggesting a slight oscillation as observed in the experimental data. The magnetic transition probabilities B(M1) are not well described by the models, in which the band mixing attenuates the calculated values.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-08T13:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 douglasmartinsvieiradasilva.pdf: 9760300 bytes, checksum: 76f54b4635afbf189d4c45e3c3a06ab7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-08T13:53:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 douglasmartinsvieiradasilva.pdf: 9760300 bytes, checksum: 76f54b4635afbf189d4c45e3c3a06ab7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T13:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 douglasmartinsvieiradasilva.pdf: 9760300 bytes, checksum: 76f54b4635afbf189d4c45e3c3a06ab7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / NiTi (nitinol) é uma liga com efeito memória de forma (EMF), o EMF é um termo utilizado para descrever a capacidade de certos materiais, depois de deformados plasticamente, voltarem às suas formas originais por aquecimento. Ligas com essa propriedade são empregadas em vários setores da indústria metalúrgica, que vão desde aeroespacial, eletrônica, construção, Robótica e Bioengenharia. Podem ser utilizadas em conectores, sensores, dispositivos de segurança e muitas outras aplicações. Este trabalho foi divido em duas partes: utilizando os parâmetros do potencial TBSMA, energia de coesão, parâmetros de rede em T=0K, para a fase B2 NiTi, retirados do trabalho do Liu e colaboradores, estudamos a formação de nano os com simulações via Dinâmica Molecular (DM) em duas fases especí cas da liga de NiTi: a fase de alta temperatura B2 cúbica (austenítica) e a fase de baixa temperatura B19 monocíclica (martensítica), alongando o sistema em diferentes direções cristalográ cas; ajustamos os parâmetros do potencial TB-SMA para a liga NiTi na fase B19', calculando (via método de Parrinello- Rahman) a variação do volume e da entalpia do sistema com a temperatura, obtendo a temperatura de fusão com ótima concordância com valor experimental e comprovando a e cácia do potencial utilizado. Apresentamos resultados das energias do estado fundamental e a estabilidade mecânica relativa as fases B2, B19, B19' e BCO, bem como as transições de fase ocorridas sob tensão mecânica e os parâmetros de rede para cada uma dessas fases. Vimos que é necessário uma tensão xz = 0.38 GPa para estabilizar a fase B19'. Também determinamos as constantes elásticas e os parâmetros elásticos macroscó- picos (módulos de bulk, limites de Reuss e Voigt) para a fase B19' de NiTi. Os resultados estão em ótima concordância com dados experimentais. / NiTi (Nitinol) is an alloy with shape memory e ect (SMA), the SMA is a term used to describe the ability of some materials after having been deformed plastically, back to its original shape by heating. Metallic materials that have this interesting property are employed in various sectors of the metallurgical industry, ranging from aerospace, electronics, construction, Robotics and Bioengineering. This type of material can be used in connectors, sensors, safety devices, and many other applications. This study was divided into two parts: using the parameters the potential TB-SMA, energy choesion, lattice parameters at T=0K, for the phase B2 NiTi, removed from Liu et al work, we studied the formation of nanowires with means molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at two speci c stages of NiTi alloy: a high-temperature phase B2 cubic (austenitic) and phase B19 monocyclic low temperature (martensite), extending the system in di erent crystallographic directions; adjust the TB-SMA potential parameters for the NiTi alloy in B19' phase, calculating (by method Parrinello-Rahman) the volume variation and the enthalpy of the system to temperature, obtaining the melting temperature with excellent agreement with experimental value and proving the e ectiveness of potential use. We present results of the energy of the ground state and the mechanical stability relative B2, B19, B19' and BCO phases, as well as phase transitions observed under mechanical tension and the network parameters for each of these phases. We saw that a voltage is necessary xz = 0.38 GPa to stabilize the B19' phase. Also determine the elastic constants and the macroscopic elastic parameters (bulk modules, limits Reuss and Voigt) for phase B19' of NiTi. The results are in excellent agreement with experimental data.

This thesis deals with the domain indexes in Oracle Database 11g. It describes the database architecture and discusses the available methods of indexing. There are explained concrete ways of the implementation and use of domain indexes, also discussed ways of indexing spatio-temporal data especially the TB-tree structure, which is then implemented as a domain index. Along with the domain index operators are also implemented by means of which the index is subsequently used and tested.

Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population Abstract The main objective of this study is to collect data and to provide information about current tuberculosis burden on European population and to capture the most important trends in development of spreading the infection in the European region in the period 1995-2010. A typology of the countries of the European region is performed on the base of main features of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the period 2008-2010. Detailed analysis of level of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality for each region was based on available data. The study also presents the plans of major world and European organizations to eliminate spread of tuberculosis.

This study assessed implementation status of collaborative TB/HIV services in Addis Ababa City Administration aiming to promote better implementation strategies. The study employed mixed research methods and was descriptive. The study design used both quantitative and qualitative data using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides, respectively. The study population for the quantitative design included 1,683 TB/HIV patients from 10 conveniently selected health facilities: Zewditu and Menelik Hospitals, health centres of Lideta, Yeka, Kazanchis, NifaSilk-Lafto-No1, Woreda-7, Kality, Bole and Gulele. All the patients who were on their follow-up cares during the data collection period were interviewed. Participants for qualitative design were 1,650 TB/HIV patients for short answered questions; 8 FGDs among patients; interview of 10 TB/HIV care facility coordinators/health workers and one regional TB/HIV care coordinator, all purposively selected. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS 15.0, while qualitative data were thematically analysed manually. Majority of HIV patients (92.8%) self-reported that they had been screened for TB; of which, 11.2% were diagnosed for active TB during their follow-up cares. Whereas, 87.1% of TB patients had been offered for HIV test; 79.8% tested; 20.2% tested positive. Knowledge on TB and HIV diseases, transmission and prevention was found to be low. However, participants appreciated the support of the healthcare delivery system in improving their health. Collaborative TB/HIV activities brought additional on-the-job training for healthcare workers; improved flow of logistics and re-arrangement of infrastructures of facilities. The study revealed that, implementation of collaborative TB/HIV activities in Addis Ababa need boosting. The study recommends the need for coordinated efforts of all stakeholders for improving implementation of collaborative TB/HIV care services, as identified by this study. The contribution of this study developed pocket-guide for healthcare workers on collaborative TB/HIV care services, which provides guidance in promoting better TB/HIV care / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

No description available.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Non-profit organisations play an increasingly important role in our society as they often represent community interests. The ability of the non-profit sector to perform effectively has become more critical. In order to maintain their value and effectiveness they require continuous renewal. The increased demand placed on this sector as it partners with government to deliver basic services to the community has amplified the need for this renewal process. The non-profit sector is constantly required to develop new ways of building its capacity in an attempt to meet its challenges. Despite the emphasis placed on the importance of capacity building, the term itse~ is frequently too expansive to be meaningful to decision makers. This paper attempts to develop a working definition of capacity building and assess the capacity building levels of TB Care Association. TB Care Association, founded in 1929, provides a service to tuberculosis patients and their families. Over the last decade, the organisation has moved from being a welfare organisation to a developmental health promotion organisation. The survey conducted on TB Care Association indicates that the scores obtained by the organisation coincide with the organisation's stage of development according to Korten (Mukasa, 2003). The results further revealed that fund raising, over dependence on government funding, lack of succession planning and human resources strategies are potential issues that could impede organisational growth and development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie-vir-wins organisasies speel 'n al hoe meer belangrike rol in ons samelewing deurdat hulle die belang van die gemeenskap op die hart dra. Die vermoe van hierdie sektor om effektief te wees raak dus al hoe belangriker. Om voortdurend die vlak van waarde en effektiwiteit vol te hou vereis voortdurende vernuwing. Die toenemende vereistes wat gestel word aan hierdie organisasies deurdat hulle met die regering saamspan om basiese dienste te lewer aan die gemeenskap, het die nodigheid van hierdie vernuwende proses beklemtoon. Die nie-vir-wins sektor moet gedurig nuwe maniere vind om kapasiteit te bou om hierdie uitdagings die hoof te bied. Ten spyte van die klem wat geplaas word op kapasiteitsbou, is die term self gereeld te wyd om betekenisvol te wees vir besluitnemers. Hierdie verslag poog om 'n prakties-georienteerde definisie van kapasiteitsbou daar te stel en om die kapasiteitsbou vlakke binne die TB Sorg Vereniging te bepaal. Die TB Sorg Vereniging, gestig in 1929, bied 'n diens aan tuberkulose pasiente en hul families. Oor die laaste dekade het die vereniging beweeg van 'n maatskaplike rol tot die van 'n vereniging wat fokus op die bevording van ontwikkelingsgesondheid. Die opname by die TB Sorg Vereniging toon dat die tellings behaal deur die instansie ooreenstem met die fase van ontwikkeling soos voorgestel deur Korten (Mukasa, 2003). Die resultate toon verder dat fonds-insameling, oor-afhanklikheid van regeringsfondse, 'n tekort aan opvolger-beplanning en menslike hulpbron strategiee moontlike knelpunte kan wees wat organisatoriese groei en ontwikkeling kan belemmer.

Tuberculosis, caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains a global health problem. Drug resistance and high rates of HIV infection have fuelled the pandemic and, although a vaccine exists, its ability to protect from pulmonary tuberculosis varies between 0 and 80%. Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) has been administered to billions worldwide yet its protective mechanisms remain unknown, as do the reasons for its failure to protect in many parts of the world. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A) is a novel candidate vaccine designed to boost immune responses to BCG and improve protection. An aim of this thesis has been to characterise the innate immune response to an MVA85A boosting vaccination in both UK adults and South African infants. In the former, volunteers develop a strong innate response following vaccination however this does not always translate into a robust adaptive response to antigen 85A (Ag85A), which is determined in part by Treg expansion and the nuclear protein HMGB1 signaling through the TLR1-2-6 axis. By contrast, not all South Africa infants mount a strong innate immune response to MVA85A yet this response is correlated with the magnitude of the adaptive response. The immune response to BCG in both populations is also characterised and an association found between increased production of IL-17, IL-22 and IFN-γ in response to BCG stimulation and control of mycobacterial growth. The results presented here further the knowledge on the links between innate and adaptive responses to vaccination with BCG and MVA85A and the variation in mechanisms involved in different populations.

Reactivation of latent infection is the major cause of tuberculosis (TB). Cholesterol is a critical carbon source during latent infection. Catabolism of cholesterol contributes to the pool of propionyl-CoA, a precursor that is incorporated into cell-wall lipids. Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is encoded within a gene cluster that is involved in the sterol-ring degradation and is essential for intracellular survival. NAT from M. tuberculosis (TBNAT) can utilise propionyl-CoA and therefore was proposed as a target for TB-drug development. Deleting the nat gene or inhibiting the NAT enzyme prevents intracellular survival and results in depletion of cell-wall lipids. NAT inhibitors, including the piperidinol class, were identified by high-throughput screening. The insolubility of recombinant TBNAT has been a major limitation in pursuing it as a drug target. Subcloning tbnat into a pVLT31 vector resulted in a yield of 6-16 mg/litre-bacterial-culture of pure-soluble recombinant TBNAT. The increased yield allowed for extensive screening for crystallisation conditions. However, since a structure was not obtained, the model NAT from M. marinum (MMNAT) was employed to further understand NAT as a target. Screening against a panel of Acyl-CoA cofactors showed that MMNAT can also utilise propionyl-CoA. The MMNAT structure in complex with the high affinity substrate hydralazine was determined (2.1 Å) and the architecture of the arylamine pocket was delineated. A novel mechanism for the acetylation reaction of hydralazine has emerged. It is proposed that the acetyl group is transferred from acetyl-CoA to the heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen of hydralazine, which explains the immediate cyclisation of the acetylated metabolite into an N-methyltriazolophthalazine. By employing mass spectroscopy, enzyme assays, computational docking and structural studies, a covalent mechanism of inhibition by the piperidinol class was established, and the inhibitor-binding pocket was identified. Inhibitors with new scaffolds were identified using the in silico 3D-shape screening and thermal shift assay.