In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Microstrip patch antenna. In this work, the patter of two designs of a Microstrip patch antenna have been analyzed and studied.Design1 (LxWxH: 23mm x 30mm x 1.5mm) with a dielectric constant of 9.8(alumina) at 2.1GHz and Design2 (LxWxH: 47mm x 31mm x 1.59mm) with a dielectric constant 2.32 at 2.1GHz.These two designs have been compared with other two from the literature by using SonnetLite software and IE3D from Zeland.After the design when we compared the results of the Design1 and Design2, Design2 has the highest Antenna Efficiency (the configuration can be seen above) of 80%. With this we suggest the best configuration that can be used in practice would be Design 2.A rigorous analysis of the problem begins with the application of the equivalence principle that introduces the unknown electric and magnetic surface current densities on the dielectric surface. The formulation of the radiation problems is based on the combined field integral equations coupled to the Method of Moments (MoM) as a numerical solution of the integral equations.

Dependence on oil imported from foreign countries affect the National Energy securitiesand Energy security of global economies has become one of the most challenging problemthat needs to be resolved as the fossil sources are fast diminishing and irreplaceable. Thealarming energy demand and consumption rate of the present global status is currentlyexponentially exceeding the rate of local supply sources, becoming an issue of concern. Alook beyond the fossils is crucial for long tern economic growth and energy security asthere are numerous uncertainties about the fossil supplies coupled with the greaterenvironmental risks encountered during exploitation. Thus the new concept for treatingethanol distillery waste anaerobically to produce Biogas- a clean renewable alternativeenergy with many applications projects sustainable and more realistic option.The research project focuses on Comparison of the Potentials and Efficacy of AnaerobicDigestion of Stillage (Wheat Stillage and Lignocellulose Stillage) from Ethanol Distilleryplants for Biogas Production. It also investigates better alternative temperature dependentStillage Anaerobic Digestion that will enhance a higher Biogas yield.Anaerobic digestions were performed in triplicate batch systems, during both mesophilic(35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions at a period of 50-days. The reactors contained2.73g of Wheat Stillage and 5.2g of Lignocellulose Stillage samples, respectively,corresponding to 2% VS in each reactor. The inoculum was taken from either a mesophilicBiogas Plant (Gässlosa., Borås), or from a thermophilic Biogas Plant (Sobacken, Borås). AGas Chromatographic method (GC) was employed for determination of the obtained biogascomposition.The theoretical CH4 Potential for Wheat Stillage and Lignocellulose Stillage is 0.473m3CH4/kg VS and 0.407 m3CH4/kg VS, respectively. The results obtained from this studyindicated, however, that the Wheat Stillage performed better under thermophilic conditionswith a peak of 575ml CH4 / 0.5g VS; while the Lignocellulosic Stillage gave the bestperformance under mesophilic conditions leading to a methane production of 436ml CH4/0.5g VS after 4 weeks of digestion period. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att utreda och förbättra Stibas CAD-användning. Stiba är ettbyggkonsultföretag som ligger i Borås. Vi undersökte vilka typer av CAD-program som finnspå marknaden och vad andra liknande företag använder. Vi har valt att studera programmenTekla, Autodesk Architecture och Autodesk Revit, samt ArchiCAD. Då alla programmen ärkomplexa, med i princip oändliga användarmöjligheter har vi bara haft möjlighet att skapa ossen grundläggande översikt.Vi har undersökt Stibas nuvarande användning genom att lämna ut en enkät och intervjua deanställda för att ta reda på deras åsikter och önskemål. Liknande enkäter skickades ut tillkonstruktörer på företag inom bygg och anläggning, för att kunna jämföra svaren.Idag använder sig Stiba av AutoCAD Architecture 2006, man använde sig mest av 2Dfunktionerna och utnyttjar inte 3D funktionerna i så stor utsträckning. Under våren skallAutoCAD Architecture 2008 installeras. När vi började vårt arbete hade inte Stiba bestämtvilken applikation de skall använda sig av till AutoCAD Architecture 2008, därför valde vi attskapa en guide för anpassningarna istället för att utföra de praktiskt. / Uppsatsnivå: C

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att utreda möjligheten att klassificera en vägbeläggningskvalitet genom att utnyttja signaler från en bils befintliga givare. Vidare är examensarbetet enförstudie till ett eventuellt större projekt, som skall leda till utvecklingen av ett komplettklassificeringssystem som underlättar för väghållaren (t.ex. Vägverket) att inventeravägbeläggningens kvalitet. Uppdragsgivare har varit Semcon AB i Göteborg.I arbetet ingick att sätta systemavgränsningar beträffande olika beläggningstyper som skall kunnadetekteras, vilka hastigheter som skall tillämpas vid mätningarna samt vilka signaler från bilensgivare som är relevanta att utnyttja.Arbetet bestod i huvudsak av insamling av mätdata samt analys av denna i MATLAB1. Utifrån deninformation som den insamlade mätdatan gav, kunde sedan ett robust klassificeringssystem skapas,vilket med god precision klarar av att klassificera fyra olika beläggningstyper.Examensarbetet visar att det finns goda möjligheter till ett fördjupat arbete som kan resultera i ettför väghållaren mycket effektivt klassificeringsverktyg som underlättar att upprätthållastatusinformationen beträffande vägbeläggningens kvalitet. Ett sådant system blir både miljömässigtoch ekonomiskt effektivt då inga onödiga utsläpp från mätbilar belastar miljön då mätningarnautförs av fordon som ändå rullar på vägarna. Därmed skulle också ekonomiska resurser från dagensinventeringar kunna frigöras. Till exempel så skulle Vägverket Konsult (och andra intressenter)kunna utföra mera ”riktade” och effektivare inventeringar av vägkvaliteten med detta nyaklassificeringssystem. / Uppsatsnivå: C

A technique is presented for solving the problem of scattering by a three-dimensional body of revolution using a partial differential equation (PDE) technique, employed in conjunction with radiation boundary condition applied in the Fresnel region of the scatterer. The radiation boundary condition, which is used to truncate the PDE mesh, is based upon an asymptotic expansion derived by Wilcox. Numerical results illustrating the procedure and verifying the accuracy of the results are included. These results are compared with other theoretical calculations for perfectly conducting bodies of revolution of arbitrary shape. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Uppsatsnivå: D

The scattering problem for electromagnetic waves by perfect conductingbodies of revolution is very important for many researchers. The Method of Moment(MoM) has been used for solving the problem of scattering by a three dimensionalbody of revolution. The radiation boundary condition applied to truncate the partialdifferential equation (PDE) mesh, is based upon an asymptotic expansion derived byWilcox. Numerical results illustrating the procedure and verifying the accuracy of theresults are included. These results are compared with other calculations. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Equalization techniques compensate for the time dispersion introduced bycommunication channels and combat the resulting inter-symbol interference (ISI) effect.Given a channel of unknown impulse response, the purpose of an adaptive equalizer is tooperate on the channel output such that the cascade connection of the channel and theequalizer provides an approximation to an ideal transmission medium. Typically,adaptive equalizers used in digital communications require an initial training period,during which a known data sequence is transmitted. A replica of this sequence is madeavailable at the receiver in proper synchronism with the transmitter, thereby making itpossible for adjustments to be made to the equalizer coefficients in accordance with theadaptive filtering algorithm employed in the equalizer design. This type of equalization isknown as Non-Blind equalization. However, in practical situations, it would be highlydesirable to achieve complete adaptation without access to a desired response. Clearly,some form of Blind equalization has to be built into the receiver design. Blind equalizerssimultaneously estimate the transmitted signal and the channel parameters, which mayeven be time-varying. The aim of the project is to study the performance of variousadaptive filter algorithms for blind channel equalization through computer simulations. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Defects rate of product plays a very important role for the improvement of yield and financial conditions of any company. Actually defects rate causes a direct effect on the profit margin of the product and decrease the quality cost during the manufacturing of product. Companies strive to decrease the defects rate of the product during the manufacturing process as much as possible. By checking and inspection of defects of product at different point in a production cycle and management implement some changes specifically at those points in production where more defects are likely to happen.The project of defects rate of textile product in the yarn manufacturing process is so important in industry point of view. This process has large departments where the cotton passes in different process and may be effects the quality of yarn when it reaches the package form. A thousand defects opportunities create in the final package of yarn. That’s’ why it is decided to do work and implement DMAIC methodology in winding departments where the final package of yarn is make. Final package of yarn is the end product and from it is direct send to the customers and if any final product passes with some defects and may chance the customer complaint.The main thing of this project is to give the understanding of different problems in different departments in quality point of view and how to reduce the problems by taking preventive action against any defects produce during process. For quality of product and enhance the customer satisfaction, it is decided to more work on final end product in the form of DMAIC tool to reduce the defects rate of product before going to customer. Now days, defects rate reduction is so important especially in recession days, when every company wants to improve the financial goals and reduce quality cost of product. DMAIC methodology is a problem solving technique where process data is analyzed from different tools and indentify the problems which cause the defects produce in the product.

On Ericsson Ltd in Borås a wireless communication system called MINI-LINK™ is produced. In order to sell their product with the best possible quality guaranty, there is a signal processing circuit called ATLAS implemented in the system. This circuit would eventually be useful in the production and for the repairs of the radio units. Our commission was to examine the possibility for this use. In order to read out various register in Atlas’s, a program which has these possibilities is needed and such program was already in use producing the units on which the ATLAS circuit is assembled.  In the test which was done during readout of the registers that seemed relevant, it emerged that ATLAS does not give any information about the signals characteristic when it enters the modem unit, but first after all adjustments have been done. Because of this fact it seemed impossible to use ATLAS in some bigger extent as it works today, when it is fundamentally not done in order to be used as an instrument, in order to evaluate the property of signals coming from other units. The following question was about what could be done in a new generation and a thought was to scan existing internal control signals in order to receive more information about how much ATLAS is working to correct errors in the received signals. / Uppsatsnivå: C