This report is written on the assignment by Nexans IKO Sweden AB in Grimsås which is a cable manufacturing company. Nexans IKO Sweden AB was in need of help to examine possibilities for saving energy by saving compressed air, in first place by using the compressed air more efficient. The task was to determine the present situation, making the airwipe stations more efficient by reducing the consumption of the compressed air and in turn save money. Even the aspects of the working environment were discussed as the noise levels from the pneumatic systems and engines are usually high. A schedule over the airflow in the factory and the inventory over current airwipessituation was made. A proposal on investments for exchange based on comparison between the old airwipes mouthpieces and the new mouthpieces of the brand Huestis was made. The alternative drying methods wich does not demand any compressed air was examined and introduced as suggestions on the drawing level. The data collected from the factory production and examinations based on measurements are the fundation for the comparison calculations and exange investments. For compilation of data and design computer programs like Excel and Pro/Engineer was used. / <p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

This term project addresses how to develop construction drawings for a general contract. The project contains supervision, including blue prints as support as needed. Apart from directions on how to carry out the actual work, the supervision also discusses regulations governing all construction drawings. The supervision is created as guide for similar projects. The construction drawings is a complete construction guide, hence it includes all construction drawings. In addition, a room description and a general description is included. / <p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

The task for this thesis is to design a tool that is used to cut-out preforms of thermoplastic adhesive and also to make an estimate of costs for the stamping tool. The tool is used in the repair process at the MCM production line. The result of gathered information has affected how the design of the stamping tool has developed. The handling of thermoplastic adhesive in the repair process is one of the factors that influenced the design. The adhesive is sensitive for exposure to moisture. Therefore an automated feeding system of the adhesive is not recommended. The users wished for an automated stamping tool. Due to too low utilization this is not recommended because the material properties of the adhesive may decay. The stamping tool is used for 1, 17 % of the total working time. The stamping performed on site, at Ericsson AB, to create the preforms is cheaper than if bought from a supplier. The difference in price is approximately 0, 90-1, 30 Swedish kronor. Changes in the design presented include transmission of the stamping force, the tool holder and the holding device for the adhesive. The estimated costs for this design is approximately 22 000 Swedish kronor. Further investigation should be performed if the need of a new stamping tool really is necessary. The thermoplastic adhesive is available in paste form. This option should be investigated. / <p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att ta fram handlingar åt räddningsverkets internationella avdelning, så att de på ett mer effektivt och ekonomiskt sätt kan leverera 10 fots sanitetscontainrar på internationella uppdrag. Kravet som ställdes var att de skall ha en livslängd på minst tre år i extrema väderförhållanden samt att de skall vara lätta att bygga om och anpassas för de etniska behoven. I examensarbetet har vi arbetat med ett antal skisser på toalettcontainer och duschcontainer som räddningsverket har fått granska och lämna synpunkter på, ut ifrån dessa skisser har vi arbetat fram ritningar. Rapporten beskriver hur vi har arbetat och jämfört olika material. Hur beräkningar har gått till för att hitta optimala lösningar på isoleringen och ytskikt. Examensarbetet utgör en bra kunskapsdokumentation som bör ligga som grund för nyframställning av sanitetscontainrar. Rapporten innehåller en del terminologi som kräver ett visst byggtekniskt kunnande och vana från ritningsläsning. / <p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att hitta en arbetsmetodik i Inventor åt Hanter Ingenjörsteknik i Gånghester, så att de kan dels hantera stora sammanställningar som är ett stort problem idag pga. datorprestandan som krävs. En arbetsgång skulle tas fram åt de konstruktörer som idag jobbar med programmet Inventor och även till nyanställda. Arbetsgången som gruppen tagit fram ska även fungera som en instruktion för nyanställda, så att de lättare ska kunna integreras i arbetet på Hanter Ingenjörsteknik. En stor del av examensarbetet gick ut på att samla information och få grepp om hur konstruktörerna jobbar idag på Hanter Ingenjörsteknik. Gruppen tog fram information om varje del i programmet och i samspråk med Hanter så kom man fram till vilka delar som gruppen skulle kolla närmare på. Det som inverkade mycket var den tid som arbetet skulle utföras på. De delar som gruppen tittade närmare på var Level of Details och Content Center. Dessa delar används sporadiskt idag och en rutin behövs för att kunna använda dessa fullt ut. / <p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

No description available.

The Swedish fund market plays a vital part in the financial sector asit directly finances several parts of the economy. The infrastructurearound fund trading is, however, fragmented with outdated manual paperdriven processes and several intermediaries involved. Issues arisingare high fund distribution cost and increased operational risk.Blockchain has been proposed as the technology that can tackle theseissues. Fund trading requires a private permissioned blockchain whereparticipants need to be authenticated before joining a network andwhere there is control over who can read and write to the blockchaindatabase. This study evaluates Chain Core and Hyperledger Fabric, twopermissioned blockchain platforms with different architectural designsto assess which type that is favourable for the Swedish fund market.The study compares the platforms in terms of performance, privacy andcofidentiality, scalability, and security. The study is done for KPMGin collaboration with Nasdaq, which leads a blockchain project that isused as a case study. The comparative study is based on a literaturestudy and interviews with experts on blockchain and the fund industry.The study shows that the design of Chain Core prevents it fromguaranteeing enough privacy and confidentiality. Also, it follows thestate-machine replication approach, limiting the blockchain in terms ofperformance, privacy, scalability and security. Hyperledger Fabric hasa "channel" design, which provides privacy and confidentiality of usersand transactions, offers high performance in throughput of transactionsand potential for scalability

This thesis mainly presents the use of CFD modelling to investigate and optimise the MOCVD processes in fabrication of II-VI compounds – cadmium telluride (CdTe) and zinc oxide (ZnO). It gives insight in detailed process modelling and proves the ability of using CFD modelling, which accounts for the interaction between hydrodynamics and chemical reactions in the reactor, to accurately predict the growth rate and thickness uniformity. The growth behaviour of CdTe was investigated in a custom-made inline MOCVD reactor by analysing the influence of the operating process parameters, which involves (a) deposition temperature, (b) operating pressure, (c) total flow rate, and (d) the partial pressure ratio of precursors on the performance of the thin film (i.e. thin film deposition rates, thickness uniformity and material utilisation) in steady flows. The deposition of ZnO was studied in a bespoke horizontal reactor. Flow behaviour, heat transfer and mass transfer involved in the MOCVD reactor were discussed under different process parameters, with the objective to improve MOCVD process control. A thermal field calculation was implemented in the CFD modelling of ZnO deposition. A series of experiments of coating ZnO layers were performed to validate the simulation results. In addition, the analytical model, with reasonable simplifications and approximations for ZnO deposition, were further performed to get an intuitive insight into the mechanism governing the growth rate and uniformity in MOCVD processes. A good agreement was achieved through theory analysis, numeral simulation and experiment. The analysis of the transport phenomena under different process parameters in this study can greatly contribute to optimising the MOCVD equipment and processes, and to achieving the ultimate goal of a better growth rate, uniformity and controllability on thin film with economic use of precursors.

Hydrogen is an emerging energy carrier for oil refining and fuel cell applications. The development of an efficient and stable catalyst to produce hydrogen gas is required for industrial applications. However critical issues in the catalyst that lead to the deactivation of reactions include active metal particle growth and carbon fouling. Industrial catalysts that are frequently overwhelmed by such issues are substituted or re-treated, which is not time and cost efficient. Therefore, developing durable catalysts that are resistant to sintering and carbon fouling remains an area of interest. A novel and anti-agglomeration Ni@yolk-ZrO2 catalyst is first reported in this thesis. A specific study of the ZrO2 hollow shell showed that the varied porosity of the hollow shell contributed to the catalyst’s ability to inhibit the agglomeration of active Ni particles. The steam reforming of methane was selected as the probe study for this catalyst in this research. Before a thorough analysis of the Ni@yolk-ZrO2 catalyst was performed, the systematic synthesis of Ni@SiO2 was studied. The analysis showed that the Ni particle size can be controlled by tuning the synthesis temperature. Water-to-surfactant ratio in the microemulsion was shown to influence the morphology of the Ni@SiO2 particle. The tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) amount added with fractionated dispensing and the amount of NiCl2 were found to have affected the size and morphology of the Ni@SiO2. For the Ni@yolk-ZrO2 sample, the catalyst was characterised by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction. TEM was used for morphology analysis, while X-ray Diffraction was performed for phase analysis and crystallite size measurements. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm was done to measure specific surface area, total pore volume, and the t-plot micropore volume of the samples. Reducibility analysis of the Nickel species of the Ni@yolk-ZrO2 catalyst was carried out using Temperature Programmed Reduction. The anti-agglomeration property of the Ni@yolk-ZrO2 was established from the TEM and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis. Results showed that the active Ni particles were inside the yolk-shell structured framework, which deterred Ni particles from moving onto the surface of the catalyst. Ni particles were found to be stabilised by the abundant volume of pores in the ZrO2 hollow shell. This result indicates that the Ni particles were anchored by the pores and remained stable during the steam reforming of methane. The Ni@yolk-ZrO2 catalyst was tested by varying the volumes of feed (GHSV) and the steam-to-carbon ratio. This catalyst was also subjected to a recyclability test and proved to be better than conventional impregnated Ni/ZrO2 catalysts. The Temperature Programmed Hydrogenation analysis also proofed that the yolk-shell structure framework inhibited higher order of carbon deposits on the Ni@yolk-ZrO2 catalyst. Varying the porosity of the ZrO2 hollow shell was found to affect the performance of the steam reforming of methane. This varied porosity can be achieved by varying the amount of surfactant during the synthesis of Ni@SiO2@ZrO2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis results showed that the porosity of the ZrO2 hollow shell contributed to the moderately strong hydrothermal stability of the catalyst for the steam reforming of methane. The hollow shell of the ZrO2 was influenced by the instability of the SiO2. TEM analysis of used BrNi-4.8 catalysts showed that the yolk-shell structure framework of the catalyst collapsed. This result suggests that the shell has weak integrity, and proves that the SiO2 was not able to maintain the yolk-shell framework. The results also suggest that the varied porosity of the ZrO2 hollow shell influences the catalysts’ efficiency even though they share the same yolk-shell structure framework. This is likely due to the differences in the pores of each catalyst configuration, which directly affects the Nickel species involved in the catalytic reaction. Finally, it was demonstrated that the Ni@yolk-ZrO2 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in comparison to conventional catalysts for the steam reforming of methane. Catalytic activity remained stable and achieved a methane conversion of more than 90 % for 150 hours under operating conditions of GHSV of 50400 mL gcat-1h-1 and S/C = 2.5 at 750 oC.

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) process is an emerging alternative to traditional CO2 mitigation technology in many industrial applications since it could produce high pure CO2 gas stream with relatively low cost. The flow occurring in the CLC is intrinsically a gas-solid two-phase flow coupled with heterogeneous reactions whilst the performance of CLC is significantly affected by the efficiency of the combustion taking place in the fuel reactor. This PhD research project investigates the application of chemical looping combustion technology for CO2 sequestrations, focusing on the hydrodynamics and chemical kinetics of the flows of the CLC in the fuel reactor. As bypass fluidised bubbles in dense phase regions of the fuel reactor remarkably affect the efficiency of combustion in the CLC, the phenomena of bubble motion are experimentally and numerically investigated first. Chapter 2 proposes a new analytical approach coupled with the adoption of auto-correlated wavelet transform to experimentally study the correlations between the detected pressure fluctuation signals obtained from a model fuel reactor in which the chemical reaction has been redundant and the occurrence of bubbles. The sub-signals of pressure fluctuations obtained can be used as the indicator to identify the occurrence of bubbles, which has been validated by the snapshots of the fluidisation patterns. Experimental results clearly show that the formed bubbles in the dense phase regions behave two distinct types, small bubbles with the characteristics of high fluctuation frequency and large bubbles with lower fluctuation frequency. The characteristic frequencies of these detected bubbles can be also identified through the analysis of the pressure fluctuation signals. In parallel to the experimental study, the applications of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical modelling to study the flow dynamic behaviour of CLC in the fuel reactor were attempted. Eulerian-Eulerian two fluid model and Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, represented by Computational fluid dynamics/Discrete element method (CFD-DEM) in the present study, were employed, respectively, to study the hydrodynamics in the fuel reactor of CLC. Chapter 3 presents the work which CFD-DEM modelling was employed to investigate the bubble hydrodynamics in the dense region of fluidised bed fuel reactor under the different inlet conditions. Correlations between the local dynamic parameters such as the pressure fluctuation, local solid volume fraction fluctuation and instantaneous velocities are introduced to detect the occurrence of the bubbles, where the bubble has been defined in terms of the volumetrically averaged local void fraction. The simulations demonstrated that these bubbles are highly correlated with the local large eddies embedded in the flow. It was also revealed that small bubbles with high by-passing frequency mainly occur in the bottom region of the fuel reactor while large bubbles with relatively lower frequency are found in the region close to the free board surface. This finding affirms that the size of bubble is highly correlated with the local dynamic field. A modified Darton’s model that uses local Reynolds number and dimensionless height ratio was thus proposed for prediction of the equivalent diameters of the formed bubbles at the given height position. In Chapters 4 and 5, Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid CFD modelling is employed to study the hydrodynamics of the CLC coupled with the heterogeneous reaction in the fuel reactors with different configurations. Based on the simulation results, the correlation parameters that correlate the local volume fractions with the local dynamic parameters such as the pressure, velocity and temperature fluctuations were proposed, aiming at indicating the bubble occurrence in the fuel reactor where the heterogeneous reaction takes place simultaneously. The frequency of bubble occurrence at the given height position is also identified quantitatively through monitoring the time-dependant pressure fluctuations obtained from the CFD modelling. As the CLC involves heterogeneous reaction among the reactants in the fuel reactor where the oxides are reduced to the metal particles before refeeding back to the air reactor, most of the previously documented studies using CFD modelling for prediction of hydrodynamics in the fuel reactor adopted shrinking core model proposed by Szekely’s et al. (1973) but the effects of the irregularity geometry of the oxygen carriers and product-layer diffusion on the simulation have been overlooked. Thus, an improved shrinking core model that takes effects of both the irregularity geometry of the oxygen carriers and product-layer diffusion into account was proposed. Compared with the predictions using the original shrinking core model, e.g. García-Labiano et al. (2004) and Zafar et al. (2007a), the simulation results obtained by using the improved model can significantly improve the accuracy for prediction of the conversion rates. The simulations also indicate that the effect of product-layer diffusion becomes more notable with an increase in the completeness of conversion. An empirical relation is thereby proposed to describe the variations of the effect of product-layer diffusion on the oxygen carrier conversion. In summary, this dissertation contributes to the knowledge and understanding of the CLC in several aspects, in particular hydrodynamics and chemical kinetics of the flow in the fuel reactor. Firstly, a new analytical method coupled the auto-correlated wavelet transform was proposed to study the bubble formation in the dense bed region by analysing the pressure fluctuation signals. Secondly, the correlation parameters that correlate the local volume fractions with those dynamic parameters such as the pressure and velocity were introduced to predict the occurrence of bubbles at the given height position of the fuel reactor. Thirdly, the conventional shrinking core model has been improved by taking the effects of irregularity of solid particle and the product-layer diffusion into account.