Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Kevin Dhuyvetter / This thesis was commissioned by Cooperative Producers, Inc. (CPI) of Hastings, Nebraska in order to better understand the preferences and uses of precision agriculture by customers within the company’s trade territory. With the rapid increase of precision agriculture (hardware, software, services, etc.) it is necessary to get a better understanding of what drives growers to adopt and implement precision agriculture practices. A paper survey was sent out in CPI’s monthly statements to patrons that also included instructions to be able to fill out an online survey if that was preferred. From that offering there were a total of 114 responses providing data from which several technology adoption models were estimated. Based on prior experience with precision agriculture and the development of services offered to growers, it is hypothesized that there are three primary variables influencing a grower’s decision to adopt precision agriculture. If the operation is managed by a younger grower (<40 years old), farms with a larger number of acres, and if a high percent of the operation’s acres are irrigated they will be more likely to adopt precision agriculture practices. The survey results generally revealed that younger farmers, larger farm size, and a higher percentage of irrigated acres did not increase the likelihood of utilizing precision agriculture. The questions asked in the survey were designed to provide information for the development of a tool that salespeople offering precision agriculture services could use to determine if a potential customer with be inclined to adopt and utilize precision agriculture. While some of the results were contrary to expectations they do offer insight into what type of customer adopts precision agriculture and a direction for CPI to move in order to maximize market penetration.

Nesta dissertação são investigados os fatores que influenciam a adoção de inovações com base na proposta e aplicação de um modelo integrativo dentro do contexto de adoção do mobile banking. Para tanto, foram utilizados modelos consagrados de teorias de adoção de inovações e tecnologias e de previsão de comportamentos, considerando atitudes e intenção em relação ao comportamento, modelos estes aplicados de maneira integrada por alguns autores. Buscou-se então a proposição de um modelo que proporcionasse uma explicação mais aprofundada dos fatores antecedentes à adoção de uma inovação, e que também possibilitasse o estudo da relação entre esses fatores. Adicionalmente, comparou-se os fatores influenciadores de adoção de mobile banking, entre usuários e não usuários do serviço, de forma a identificar diferenças no processo de adoção entre os dois grupos. As principais contribuições desta dissertação são a identificação dos fatores mais importantes no processo de adoção do mobile banking e suas relações, e a proposição uma linha de pesquisa para estudos científicos sobre serviços móveis, área que tem obtido grande interesse dos pesquisadores. O método de coleta de dados utilizado nesta dissertação foi baseado em survey com questionários autoadministrados pela internet. Em relação à análise dos resultados, optou-se pelo uso do mínimo quadrado parcial (Partial Least Squares ou PLS) para a obtenção não apenas das relações dos construtos independentes e dependentes, mas também das relações existentes entre todos os construtos do modelo proposto. Destaca-se por fim que o modelo proposto possibilita a explicação elevada da proporção da variância do construto intenção, obtendo-se diferenças significativas entre os padrões de adoção de usuários e não usuários de mobile banking. Estes resultados possibilitam um avanço de um modelo teórico, para o delineamento de uma linha de pesquisa para futuros estudos sobre a adoção de serviços oferecidos por meio de telefone celular. / In this Project, factors that influence innovations adoption are investigated based on an integrative model applications proposal within mobile banking adoption context. Therefore, consecrated theoretical models, widely applied on innovation and technology adoption theories and behavior predicting based on attitudes and intentions towards a behavior, are considered integrated as previously proposed by some authors. In addition, the project proposes a model that allows a deeper investigation on antecedents factors towards innovation adoption and also studies existents relations within these factors. Furthermore, mobile banking users and non users adoption influence factors were compared targeting to investigate possible difference among the two groups. This projects main contributions are the identification of the most relevant factors within mobile banking adoption process and these factors relations among themselves and the proposition of a research line for scientific studies on mobile services adoption, area that has obtained great interest from researchers. Data collection method used in this project was based on the survey method with self administrated questionnaires over the internet. For data analysis, Partial Least Square (PLS) method was used to identify relations not only within independent and dependent constructs but also within all constructs in the proposed model. To sum up, the proposed model offers a high variance explanation of the intention construct, offering significant differences among mobile banking users and non users adoption patterns, considering a theory model that allows the possible definition of a research line for future research on adoption of services offered via a mobile phone.

A utilização de novas tecnologias e a adoção de inovações na agricultura são fundamentais para o estabelecimento dos padrões de produção, pois, além de mitigarem riscos específicos associados a este ramo de atividade, impactam nos resultados agronômicos, econômicos e financeiros do negócio rural. Diversos aspectos derivam dessa discussão e suscitam questões como: Quais são os condicionantes de adoção de Agricultura de Precisão (AP) por produtores de grãos? Qual é o grau de adoção e uso de Agricultura de Precisão? Quais são as características do produtor rural e da fazenda, as principais tecnologias utilizadas e os fatores de maior influência na adoção de Agricultura de Precisão? Qual é a influência das características do produtor, características da fazenda e fontes de informação na adoção de Agricultura de Precisão? Partindo dessas questões de pesquisa, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi identificar os condicionantes de adoção de Agricultura de Precisão por produtores de grãos. Os objetivos específicos foram: mensurar o grau de adoção e uso de AP; caracterizar o produtor rural e a fazenda, as principais tecnologias utilizadas e os fatores de maior influência na adoção de AP; analisar a influência das características do produtor, características da fazenda e fontes de informação na adoção de Agricultura de Precisão. Essa pesquisa é caracterizada como estudo exploratório e descritivo, com aplicação de técnicas de análise quantitativas. Foram realizadas 404 entrevistas presenciais com produtores de soja e milho. A análise dos dados foi feita com a técnica de regressão logística. Constata-se que os condicionantes encontrados são relacionados a características do produtor, como educação e importância da renda da agricultura, a características da fazenda, como área de safrinha de milho, a fontes de informação, como assistência técnica e extensão rural - Emater/Cati, e aos meios de comunicação, como palestras e publicações de universidades. As tecnologias no estágio de Maioria Inicial (Até 50% da população) são análise de solos, aplicação de corretivos e fertilizantes em taxa variável, amostragem de solo em grade (Georreferenciada), mapa de aplicação, piloto automático, aplicação de defensivos em taxa variável, GPS com barra de luz, monitor de colheita e mapa de produtividade. As tecnologias adotadas pelos Pioneiros (Até 16% da população) são semeadura em taxa variável, GPS com correção RTK, sensoriamento remoto (aéreo/satélite/outros) e irrigação de precisão. A única tecnologia somente adotada pelos Inovadores (até 2,5%) foram os sensores de plantas daninhas, pragas e doenças. Por fim, o trabalho sugere temas para estudos futuros. / The use of new technologies and the adoption of innovations in agriculture are critical for the establishment of production standards, because they mitigate specific risks associated with this field of activity, impact on the agronomic, economic and financial results of the rural business. Several aspects derive from this discussion: What are the determinants of adoption of precision agriculture (PA) of grain producers? What is the level of adoption and use of Precision Agriculture? What are the characteristics of the farmer and the farm, the main technologies used and the most influential factors in the adoption of Precision Agriculture? What are the influence of producer characteristics, farm characteristics and sources of information on the adoption of Precision Agriculture? Based on these research questions, the main objective of this study was to identify the determinants of adoption of Precision Agriculture of grain producers. The specific objectives were to measure the level of adoption and use of PA; characterize the farmer and the farm, the main technologies used and the most influential factors in the adoption of PA; analyze the influence of producer characteristics, farm characteristics and sources of information on the adoption of Precision Agriculture. This research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive study, with application of quantitative analysis techniques. 404 face to face interviews were conducted with producers of soybeans and corn. Data analysis was performed with logistic regression. The PA adoption determinants found are related to producer characteristics such as education and importance of agricultural income, the farm characteristics such as second crop corn area (safrinha), sources of information, technical assistance and rural extension - Emater / Cati and the media, such as lectures and university publications. Technologies in Initial Majority stage are soil analysis, application of fertilizers in variable rate, soil sampling grid (Georeferenced), application map, autopilot, application of pesticides in variable rate, GPS with light bar, harvest monitor and productivity map. The technologies adopted by Pioneers are variable rate seeding, GPS with RTK correction, remote sensing and precision irrigation. The only technology only adopted by innovators were the sensors of weeds, pests and diseases. Finally, this research suggested topics for future studies.

A computação em nuvem é um modelo que catalisa mudanças marcantes na forma com que a Tecnologia da Informação é distribuída. Como benefícios, sobressai-se a viabilidade de acesso rápido, de qualquer lugar, a recursos disponibilizados como serviços e utilizados sob demanda, subsidiando a criação de novos modelos de negócios. Entretanto, com os ativos da TI externos à organização, aumenta-se o interesse por estudos sobre adoção. A literatura retrata a utilização de vários modelos de adoção, entre eles o TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) e o TOE (Technology-Organizational-enviroment framework). Uma pesquisa que utilizou a combinação TAM-TOE revelou bom grau de previsão da adoção pelo modelo, porém indicou a necessidade de estudos de casos para aprofundar o tema em outros contextos, ensejando a questão: como ocorre o processo de adoção da computação em nuvem em relação às questões organizacionais e ambientais? Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura para confirmar lacunas de pesquisa e estender o modelo TAM-TOE, destacando-se elementos da teoria institucional no processo de adoção. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e estruturada por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, com unidade de análise definida pelo estudo do processo de adoção de um serviço de nuvem em empresa de grande porte caracterizada como suporte no modelo de grade estratégica da TI. Sete unidades foram analisadas abordando-se influência das pressões institucionais sobre a alta gestão, as avaliações dos serviços e os termos de licenciamento dos contratos. O estudo contribui para a elucidação de comportamentos diferenciados das pressões institucionais sobre a alta gestão na decisão de adoção, destacando-se os mecanismos coercitivos. Expõe situações onde a gestão dos serviços requer a participação da TI sob o modo tradicional e discute aspectos contratuais sobre o licenciamento de serviços. Por fim, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a utilização do modelo, do método e limitações da pesquisa, com a indicação de estudos futuros para aprofundar as contribuições indicadas em outros contextos. / Cloud Computing is a model that has brought revolutionary changes in the way Information Technology (IT) is distributed. As benefits, it stands out the feasibility of fast access possible from anywhere to resources made available as on-demand services that help to create new business models. However, with IT assets outside the organization, interest in adoption studies have increased. The literature describes the use of several adoption models, among which are the Technology-Acceptance-Model (TAM) and the Technology-Organizational-environment (TOE). One research used the TAM-TOE combination and revealed a good degree of prediction to justify adoptions, but indicated the need for case studies to better understanding of adoptions in other contexts, raising the question: how should the process of adopting cloud computing occur regarding organizational and environmental questions? A systematic literature review was conducted to confirm research gaps and to broaden the TAM-TOE model, highlighting elements of institutional theory and its influence in the adoption process. This is a qualitative, descriptive and structured research using multiple case studies, with unit of analysis defined by the study of the process of adopting a cloud service in a large company characterized as support in the IT strategic grid model. Seven units were analyzed by addressing institutional pressures on top management, service evaluations and contract licensing terms. The study contributes to the elucidation of different behaviors of the institutional pressures on the top management in the decision making for its adoption, emphasizing the coercive mechanisms. It exposes situations in which the service management might require the participation of IT in the traditional way and the discussion of contractual aspects about the licensing of services. Finally, a reflection on the use of the model, method and limitations of the research is presented, indicating future studies.

<p>Changing temperatures and precipitation patterns from climate change could be a major risk to crop yields. Producers have technology options for mitigating climate change risk. One technology is Drainage Water Recycling (DWR), which involves diverting subsurface water to ponds where it is stored for later irrigation. Crop insurance could interfere with DWR by providing producers with another option to manage climate-change risk. It is hypothesized there exists a spillover effect from crop insurance, which inhibits climate-change technology adoption. The analysis investigates the DWR investment decision from a producer’s viewpoint using real options analysis. The analysis considers two policy regimes: one where crop insurance is not in effect and one where crop insurance is in effect. In a Poisson jump process, it further considers the insurance effect of producer’s returns jumping when facing a crop disaster. Results indicate crop insurance has a minimal effect on DWR adoption, and in many scenarios, the DWR adoption thresholds are too large for a producer to invest for climate-change mitigation. The benchmark DWR adoption scenario requires a revenue of more than double the conventional revenue of $649 per acre before a producer would consider adopting. </p>

Technology and the development of the Internet has led to greater awareness among organisations of the role the Internet can play in improving services through online channels. Banks, financial institutions and the relevant government authorities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have made great progress towards improving their e-services; however, these efforts came with a lack of theoretical background concerning the main challenge, which is to encourage customers to accept Online Banking (OB). This research has explored these concerns, with the aim of providing better understanding of the salient factors affecting people's acceptance and adoption of OB technology within the specific national cultural context of Saudi Arabia. The literature suggests numerous factors as determinants of people's technology adoption in general and OB in particular. This study employs a qualitative approach to narrow down and identify factors that did not emerge in the literature, to arrive at the most appropriate ones. The qualitative stage of the research involved a combination of two focus groups (14 participants) and eight semi-structured interviews. After accomplishing the first stage, a model was proposed to explain the factors affecting user acceptance of technology in the context of OB in Saudi Arabia comprising eight constructs (Perceived Usefulness, Resistance to Change, Perceived Trust, Perceived Usefulness, Social Influence, Perceived Quantity, Uncertainty Avoidance and Perceived Image). A cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed, resulting in 945 responses for use in the data analysis (using SPSS 20.0), for descriptive and exploratory factor analysis to extract constructs of the model. To finish, the proposed model and its hypotheses were examined by applying two-stage structural equation modelling. The conceptual model was found to be of value in explaining the role of the chosen factors that affect user acceptance of technology. The research found the seven direct predictors of BI to use OB explained 84.5 percent of BI variance. From the findings, it was found that the most significant predictor of BI was UA, followed by RC then PU. This research contributed to knowledge by providing a new e-service adoption model involving the impact of national culture. The newly proposed factors (PQ and UA as determinants) helped understand users‟ e-behaviours in KSA where research is seriously under-developed. The research limitations and recommended further efforts are finally presented.

While new agricultural technologies may lead to substantial yield improvements, the take-up rates in developing countries have frequently been low. There are many possible reasons why a farmer might refrain from adopting a new technology, and literature has pointed to several possible reasons in different settings. A key area for research is to understand what policies could encourage higher adoption rates. This thesis studies the research question by using a case study of fertiliser adoption in cocoa farming in Ghana. Chapter I investigates whether returns to fertiliser in cocoa farming are high and whether farmers' adoption decisions can be explained by comparative advantage. Chapter I uses data from Ghana to measure the returns to fertiliser using a correlated random model and static and dynamic panel models of homogeneous returns to fertiliser. The estimated returns in different models are positive, high and strongly significant statistically. The chapter also presents a correlated random effects model of heterogeneous technology, which allows for farmer-specific comparative advantage. The effect of the comparative advantage is found not to be statistically significant. Chapter II explores the fertiliser investment decisions and risk preferences of Ghanaian cocoa farmers in a framed field experiment. The experimental subjects decided whether to invest in fertiliser, and the fertiliser return depended on a stochastic weather realisation. An inexpensive index insurance scheme with a positive level of basis risk was found to have a minor positive effect on the fertiliser take-up, but this effect was statistically insignificant. An expensive index insurance scheme with no basis risk was found to have a substantial positive effect, and this effect was strongly significant. The experimental findings suggest that farmers are willing to pay for an index insurance if it successfully shields them from income variability. Chapter III investigates the effect of trust and of an ambiguous environment on fertiliser investments under index insurance. These two behavioural factors were studied by means of a framed field experiment conducted with Ghanaian cocoa farmers. The subjects had an option to invest in a package of fertiliser bundled with index insurance with a positive level of basis risk. The returns depended both on the subjects ́ investment choices and a stochastic weather realization. The key ingredient of the study was that for different subjects, the nature of the basis risk was framed differently. Substantially fewer subjects adopted fertiliser when possible losses of fertiliser investment were framed as resulting from the insurer ́s failure to meet its contract obligations, compared with an alternative in which the losses were framed as resulting from a mismatch between their own weather realizations and those on which the index insurance was based. A large negative effect on fertiliser investments was also found in treatments with either a small or large ambiguity regarding the exact level of basis risk. Both negative treatment effects were strongly significant. This may suggest that technologies with which farmers are relatively more experienced are more likely to be adopted under index insurance schemes. The overall experimental findings provide evidence that trust and ambiguity may be significant factors other than basis risk, limiting the effectiveness of index insurance in promoting agricultural innovation.

The evolution of mobile-phone technologies such as Smartphones Applications and Services enabled the emergence of digital and smart economies, governments and nations. Many developed and developing countries, like Oman, have considerably invested in the area of Smart Technologies, and initiated countless number of projects such as Smart Governments, also known as Mobile or M-Government, to provide timely, secure, satisfactory and high quality of services for the citizens, businesses and other governmental agencies. Although many scholars have investigated this area of interest with huge amount of efforts, the adoption and actual use of M-Government applications and services, remain problematic and face many challenges. In this area of interest, two major themes of research were reported in the literature: User-centred (i.e., Human-Computer Interaction perspective) and System-centred (i.e., Software Engineering perspective). The first theme remains a hot area of interest mainly due to the importance of the role of end-users in the adoption and success of the new technologies like M-Government. Therefore, this study attempted to develop and empirically validate a novel Mobile Government Adoption Model (titled: MGAM) within the culture of Oman. The MGAM model integrates a well-known theory in this domain, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), with other theories including Psychometric Paradigm Theory (PPT), Customer Culture Theory (CCT) and Personality Trait Theory (PTT) to identify key factors related to the end-users or citizens; those included their Perception of Risk, Culture and Personality Trait. The study adopted quantitative research with Survey method as a research strategy for data collection and quantitative methodology for data analysis. A new data collection instrument was developed for the purpose of this study and distributed through online facilities to collect data about the variables of the MGAM Model from Users in Oman using the M-Government applications and services. Around 450 samples (302 males and 148 females) were collected and considered for the purpose of data analysis in this study. Several statistical tools and means have been used to analyse the data and valuate the MGAM model including Descriptive and Inferential Statistic, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Comparative Fit Index Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with Statistical Software Applications, SPSS and AMOS Applications. The study revealed that most of the users in Oman using M-Government applications and services were very positive about the Perceived Ease of Use and the Perceived Usefulness of the technology with very positive Attitude and Behavioural Intention towards this technology. The findings also showed that the research participants have a slightly negative Perception of Risk when using the M-Government applications and services in Oman, and positive perception of Culture in this domain. With reference to the MGAM Model, the model was tested and validated, and the findings indicated that the Personality Trait moderator can strengthen the link between Behavioural Intention and Actual Use of the technology. Based on the findings, the study provided key recommendations for the governmental personnel dealing with the development of M-Government applications and services in Oman, and for public users in Oman. Among those, the study recommends for considering this initiative in Oman as a real and strategic shift in public administration, and to make easy, flexible and dynamic M-Government applications and services through taking into account cultural issues and user-related preferences. The study also recommended offering more than a service in one visit by the users, providing information prior to services and training governmental employees on this technology. The main contribution of this work is the development and validation of a new adoption model in the area of M-Government, the MGAM model. Theoretically, the MGAM Model extends the TAM Model through the integration process with with other theories including PPT, CCT and PTT to identify new key factors with impact on the adoption of M-Government infrastructure. This work also makes a novel contribution in terms of research methodology by developing and applying a new data collection tool, i.e., Mobile Government Adoption Questionnaire. This tool can be used by other researchers to collect data on the same research problem from contexts similar to the Omani one. Practically, this work attempted to identify the key prerequisites for the adoption and actual use of technology in the area of public services administration, and then making contribution towards the success of M-Government initiatives. The use of different tests and methods to statistically understand how the Omani end-users make decisions on the use of M-Government is also a novel practical contribution of this work.

A computação em nuvem é um modelo que catalisa mudanças marcantes na forma com que a Tecnologia da Informação é distribuída. Como benefícios, sobressai-se a viabilidade de acesso rápido, de qualquer lugar, a recursos disponibilizados como serviços e utilizados sob demanda, subsidiando a criação de novos modelos de negócios. Entretanto, com os ativos da TI externos à organização, aumenta-se o interesse por estudos sobre adoção. A literatura retrata a utilização de vários modelos de adoção, entre eles o TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) e o TOE (Technology-Organizational-enviroment framework). Uma pesquisa que utilizou a combinação TAM-TOE revelou bom grau de previsão da adoção pelo modelo, porém indicou a necessidade de estudos de casos para aprofundar o tema em outros contextos, ensejando a questão: como ocorre o processo de adoção da computação em nuvem em relação às questões organizacionais e ambientais? Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura para confirmar lacunas de pesquisa e estender o modelo TAM-TOE, destacando-se elementos da teoria institucional no processo de adoção. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e estruturada por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, com unidade de análise definida pelo estudo do processo de adoção de um serviço de nuvem em empresa de grande porte caracterizada como suporte no modelo de grade estratégica da TI. Sete unidades foram analisadas abordando-se influência das pressões institucionais sobre a alta gestão, as avaliações dos serviços e os termos de licenciamento dos contratos. O estudo contribui para a elucidação de comportamentos diferenciados das pressões institucionais sobre a alta gestão na decisão de adoção, destacando-se os mecanismos coercitivos. Expõe situações onde a gestão dos serviços requer a participação da TI sob o modo tradicional e discute aspectos contratuais sobre o licenciamento de serviços. Por fim, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a utilização do modelo, do método e limitações da pesquisa, com a indicação de estudos futuros para aprofundar as contribuições indicadas em outros contextos. / Cloud Computing is a model that has brought revolutionary changes in the way Information Technology (IT) is distributed. As benefits, it stands out the feasibility of fast access possible from anywhere to resources made available as on-demand services that help to create new business models. However, with IT assets outside the organization, interest in adoption studies have increased. The literature describes the use of several adoption models, among which are the Technology-Acceptance-Model (TAM) and the Technology-Organizational-environment (TOE). One research used the TAM-TOE combination and revealed a good degree of prediction to justify adoptions, but indicated the need for case studies to better understanding of adoptions in other contexts, raising the question: how should the process of adopting cloud computing occur regarding organizational and environmental questions? A systematic literature review was conducted to confirm research gaps and to broaden the TAM-TOE model, highlighting elements of institutional theory and its influence in the adoption process. This is a qualitative, descriptive and structured research using multiple case studies, with unit of analysis defined by the study of the process of adopting a cloud service in a large company characterized as support in the IT strategic grid model. Seven units were analyzed by addressing institutional pressures on top management, service evaluations and contract licensing terms. The study contributes to the elucidation of different behaviors of the institutional pressures on the top management in the decision making for its adoption, emphasizing the coercive mechanisms. It exposes situations in which the service management might require the participation of IT in the traditional way and the discussion of contractual aspects about the licensing of services. Finally, a reflection on the use of the model, method and limitations of the research is presented, indicating future studies.

The healthcare system in the US faces substantial challenges related to cost, access and quality. Health Information Exchange (HIE) has been widely viewed as a viable solution for dealing with those challenges. Despite the potential contributions to the healthcare system that HIE promises, adoption and use of HIE have always been difficult, and the past two decades have witnessed significant HIE implementation failures. The limited understanding of HIE is a major obstacle for HIE success. Only recently in-depth research about HIE starts to appear in top IS journals. In addition, the uniqueness of healthcare industry adds to the complexity to HIE. Our study attempts to address this research gap by systematically examining multiple factors that influence HIE adoption and use. Using social exchange theory (SET) and diffusion of innovations theory, a research model was developed to empirically test major factors that impact healthcare providers’ relative advantages and risks perceptions for adopting and using HIE. It is further proposed that relative advantages and risks in turn impact organizations’ intentions for adopting and continuously using HIE. As such, we posit that organizations’ assessments of relative advantages and risks associated with HIE mediate the impacts of organizational and technological factors on organizations’ adoption and use intentions. This study uses questionnaire surveys for data collection. Out of a total of 163 responses, 117 surveys were completed and were analyzed using Partial Least Square software SmartPLS 3. Data analysis finds that most of the relationships were in the hypothesized directions with some of the relationships being significant. Specifically, top management support, absorptive capacity, trust, and HIE innovation characteristics positively affect relative advantages and negatively affect risk. Furthermore, relative advantages positively affect adoption/continuance intentions, whereas risk negatively affects adoption/continuance intentions. This study contributes to the literature and offers important practical implications. It is one of the early empirical attempts to understand the key factors that affect HIE’s adoptions and use. The research can also serve as a starting point for more in-depth studies in the future. Moreover, practitioners can use the several newly-developed scales to empirically examine healthcare providers’ adoption and use intentions.