A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medicine,University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine / The effects of different thermal conditions on the performance and physiology of schoolchildren were determined. Children performed simulated school tasks in controlled indoor environments. The quality and speed of their performance on the task was recorded,as were weight, height, oral temperature, finger skin temperature and unprepared reaction time. The influence of personal parameters such as socioeconomic status was also investigated / IT2017

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University o-f the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ■for the degree o-f Master o-f Science. Johannesburg, 1990. / In this thesis the role of essential fatty acids (EFAs) in thermoregulation and the polyunsaturates (PUFA) in the genesis of fever is investigated. Although recognised, that metabolites of arachidonic acid are involved in the biochemical sequences leading to fever, it is also acknowledged that fever response depends on lipid mobilisation. However, the exact biochemical mechanisms involved in this event remain unknown to date. In order to investigate a relation between serum lipids and fever, rabbits were subjected to dietary manipulation (deficient, or excessive EFA diet) and their hyperthermic responses to intravenous injections of (a) human leucocyte pyrogen (HLP); (b) endotoxin (Salmonella Thyphosa); and (c) cerebroventricular injections of prostaglandin E2» were compared with rabbits fed on a normal diet / IT2018

Energy generating processes like the citric acid cycle are a pivotal part of metabolism. Members of the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (OADHC) superfamily feed into and act within the citric acid cycle. OADHCs are composed of three enzymes: 2-oxoacid decarboxylase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Covalent attachment of lipoic acid (LA) to E2 is essential for overall OADHC activity. Although thought to be absent in Archaea, it has recently been found that Thermoplasma acidophilum has all the components for an active recombinant OADHC (Heath et al., 2007). Recent studies have further suggested that Tp. acidophilum may have an enzyme to covalently attach LA to E2 (Sun et al., 2007; McManus et al., 2006). This work describes the cloning and recombinant expression of the Thermoplasma lipoate protein ligase (Tp. LplA), its C-terminal domain and a fusion protein composed of the above two proteins. Both proteins are required for lipoylation of E2 in vitro. For the first time, in vivo lipoylation of E2 in Tp. acidophilum cell cultures is also being reported. The effect of lipoylation and temperature on the Thermoplasma OADHC assembly has also been studied. This study revealed the temperature dependence of the E2 core and the whole complex assembly. These findings are in line with the optimum growth temperature of Tp. acidophilum. Dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation were used to determine the molecular mass of whole OADHC. The molecular mass was determined to be 5 MDa with an octahedral geometry of the E2 core. The results of this work strengthen the assumption that these enzyme systems may have had or potentially have a role in the Archaea. This may hold further clues to the evolutionary relationship between the three kingdoms of life and the role of OADHCs/lipoylation in the Archaea. The temperature dependent assembly of the complex and thermostability of these proteins may also provide a model to study thermostability and protein-protein interactions at high temperatures.

Atualmente existe um grande interesse mundial na substituição de produtos obtidos a partir do petróleo para o desenvolvimento de novos materiais a partir de fontes renováveis. Neste contexto, o estudo de células a combustível (Fuel Cell) tem recebido destaque em pesquisas tecnológicas. O uso de células a combustível como membrana trocadora de prótons (PEMFC) é uma das mais promissoras. A célula a combustível é um sistema eletroquímico que transforma diretamente energia química a partir de um combustível (hidrogênio, gás natural, etanol, etc.) em energia elétrica. No entanto, as células a combustível do tipo PEM são usualmente alimentadas com hidrogênio como combustível, o qual apresenta dificuldades devido a sua produção, armazenamento e transporte. Como uma alternativa para o hidrogênio, a oxidação eletroquímica direta de moléculas orgânicas pequenas, como o etanol, tem sido amplamente investigada. Além do mais, o uso de etanol diretamente aplicado em células a combustível mostra algumas vantagens, por apresentarem na forma liquida e ter densidade de energia teórica elevada (8,0 kWh Kg-1). No entanto, o maior problema de células a combustível de etanol resulta na produção de produtos paralelos, como o ácido acético e acetaldeído como produto final, além do CO2 que é o produto da oxidação completa do álcool, diminuindo a eficiência do processo. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a eletro-oxidação de etanol em Pt policristalina em solução ácida usando técnica como voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria como técnicas eletroquímicas no intervalo de temperatura de 25 à 180°C. Particularmente, o desempenho de ligas catalisadoras de Pt com outros metais (PtRh, Pt3Ru2, e PtSn) foram comparados. A dependência da temperatura com a corrente para a eletro-oxidação de etanol a partir de curvas cronoamperométricas para a Pt policristalina e ligas catalisadoras foram medidas em potencial constante de 500 e 650 mV vs EDH. Os resultados mostraram que para a liga PtSn no potencial de 500 mV a corrente em 180°C é de aproximadamente trezentas vezes maior do que a 25°C e sete vezes maior que os outros materiais à 180°C, para a reação de oxidação. A partir dos valores das correntes de cronoamperométricas foi calculado a energia de ativação aparente (Ea) para a Pt policristalina e as ligas PtRh, Pt3Ru2 e PtSn. / In the present days there is a great world interest in substituting products obtained from petroleum applied in energy conversion by developing new materials from renewable resources. In this context, the study of fuel cells has received growing attention in technology researches. The use of fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been shown to be one of the most promising devices. Fuel cell is an electrochemical system, which transforms directly chemical energy of a fuel (hydrogen, natural gas, ethanol, etc.) into electric energy. However, the fuel cell is based on hydrogen, which presents difficulties concerning its production, storage and transportation. As an alternative to hydrogen, the direct electrochemical oxidation of small organic molecules, such as ethanol, has been investigated widely. Moreover, the use of ethanol in a direct alcohol fuel cell shows some advantages, it is liquid and their theoretical mass energy density is rather high (8,0 kWh Kg-1). However, the major problem of direct ethanol fuel cell results in acetic acid and acetaldehyde as an -end-product?, which competes with complete oxidation of the alcohol to CO2, decreasing the efficiency of the latter process. Based on these observations, the aim of this work is the study of the electro-oxidation of ethanol on polycrystalline Pt in acid solution using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry as techniques, at temperatures ranging from 25 to 180°C. Particularly, the performances of platinum based electro-catalysts with other metals (PtRh, Pt3Ru2 and PtSn) were compared. The temperature dependence of the current for ethanol electro-oxidation from chronoamperometric curves for polycrystalline Pt and catalysts alloys were measured at constant potentials of 500 and 650 mV. The results showed that for the PtSn catalyst at 500 mV and 180°C the current is approximately three hundred times higher than that at 25°C and seven times higher than the other materials investigated at 180°C, for the same oxidation reaction. The apparent activation energies (Ea) values were experimentally determined through the current values from chronoamperometric curves for polycrystalline Pt and PtRh, Pt3Ru2 and PtSn catalysts.

by Ng Chung-sang. / Parallel title in Chinese characters. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Bibliography: leaf 101.

by Siu Wing Hon. / On t.p. T"c", "2", "3", and "7-x" are subscripts following "superconducting" in the title. / Parallel title in Chinese characters. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [79]-[80]). / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Content --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter 1 : --- Introduction / Chapter Chapter 2 : --- Growth of YBCO on Spinel / Chapter 2-1. --- Why Spinel --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2-2. --- Film Deposition Technique --- p.2-3 / Chapter 2-2.1 --- Magnetron Sputtering Technique --- p.2-3 / Chapter 2-2.2 --- Pulsed Laser Ablation --- p.2-4 / Chapter Chapter 3 : --- Composition Analysis by XRF / Chapter 3-1. --- Introduction --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3-2. --- Minimum Penetration Depth of EDX for YBCO film --- p.3-5 / Chapter 3-3. --- Thin Film Method and Thin Film Limit --- p.3-9 / Chapter 3-4. --- XRF Setup --- p.3-14 / Chapter 3-5. --- Calibration --- p.3-14 / Chapter 3-5.1 --- Chemical method --- p.3-18 / Chapter 3-5.2 --- Absorption Factor --- p.3-18 / Chapter 3-5.3 --- Diffusion Rate --- p.3-22 / Chapter 3-5.4 --- Justification of Thin Film Method --- p.3-22 / Chapter 3-5.5 --- Result of Calibration by Chemical Method --- p.3-24 / Chapter 3-5.6 --- Calibration by Rutherford Backscattering --- p.3-28 / Chapter 3-6. --- Discussion on XRF --- p.3-31 / Chapter 3-6.1 --- Effect of diffraction line by substrate on X-ray spectrum --- p.3-31 / Chapter 3-6.2 --- Stability of X-ray power supply and its influence on spectrum --- p.3-34 / Chapter Chapter 4 : --- Structural Analysis and Rapid Thermal Annealing / Chapter 4-1. --- XRD Setup --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4-2. --- XRD Analysis --- p.4-2 / Chapter 4-2.1 --- θ-2θ Scan --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4-2.2 --- Phi Scan --- p.4-3 / Chapter 4-2.3 --- Study of Diffraction Peak --- p.4-9 / Chapter 4-3. --- RTA and its influence on structure --- p.4-11 / Chapter 4-3.1 --- RTA Setup --- p.4-13 / Chapter 4-3.2 --- Structural Improvement by RTA --- p.4-13 / Chapter Chapter 5 : --- Conclusion --- p.5-1 / Chapter Appendix : A. --- Mathematical Derivation of Thin Film Limit / Chapter B. --- Powder Diffraction Patterns of YBCO system / Reference

Ling Siu-hing. / Title also in Chinese characters. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-227). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Ceramic thin film --- p.1 / Chapter 1. 1 --- """New stone era""---the importance of ceramics" --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The importance of epitaxial growth of YBCO films --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- The importance of epitaxial growth of PZT films --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- The similar structures of YBCO and PZT --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Epitaxy --- p.12 / Chapter 2. 1 --- Introduction --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Basic principle --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Sample preparation Techniques --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1 --- A glimpse at epitaxial film deposition --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2 --- Magnetron sputtering --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Principle --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Set-ups --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- High pressure magnetron sputter gun --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Type II unbalanced magnetron gun modification --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) --- p.62 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Characterizations-principles and setups --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1 --- Structure-X-ray diffractometer --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Setup --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Characterization --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- High temperature X-ray diffractometer (HTXRD) --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2 --- Surface morphology --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- p.86 / Chapter 4. 3 --- Composition --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) --- p.91 / Chapter 4.4 --- Other characterization techniques --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Thickness measurement --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Measurement of Tc in YBCO --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Thermomechanical analysis system (TMS) --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Epitaxial films --- p.99 / Chapter 5. 1 --- YBCO films --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- YBCO on sapphire --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- YBCO on spinel (MgAl2O4) --- p.115 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- YBC0//SrTi〇3//spinel --- p.130 / Chapter 5.1.4. --- YBCO on Mg〇 --- p.134 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- YBCO on SrTi〇3(110) --- p.143 / Chapter 5.2 --- PZT films --- p.182 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- PZT on MgO --- p.182 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- PZT on spinel --- p.188 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- High temperature structural transition of PZT films --- p.195 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.218 / REFERENCES --- p.220

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF TARUN KUMAR DONGA, for the Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering, Presented on August 29th 2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE INCREASE ON BUCKLING OF AXIALLY RESTRAINED BEAM-COLUMNS WITH DOUBLE CURVATURE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Aslam Kassimali, Ph.D. The main objective of this research was to study the buckling and post-buckling response of axially restrained beam-columns under thermal loading. Also the effects of slenderness ratios on pre-buckling and post-buckling behavior which is neglected in (AISC 2010 specification) for Structural Steel Buildings, was examined. The results of this study indicate that: a) The deflection and end moment amplification factors are significantly smaller for the restrained beam-columns under temperature increase than the corresponding unrestrained beam-columns under mechanical axial loads. - b) The deflection amplification and moment amplification factors tend to increase with increasing ratio of end moments. c) Thermal amplification factors, even in the pre buckling range, were found to be smaller than the AISC (2010) specification values, the difference was more significant for longer beam columns as compared to shorter ones.

This study used an energy budget approach to record changes in the biology of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri in relation to environmental seasonality (i. e changes in chlorophyll standing stock and seawater temperature) over an unbroken two year period. Chlorophyll standing stock showed a brief but intense bloom each austral summer which contrasted with prolonged winter minima. Benthic chlorophyll standing stock, as recorded from sediment cores showed a similar cycle. Seawater temperature varied between -1.8°C and +1.2°C. Feeding activity was highly seasonal and closely correlated to chlorophyll standing stock. Feeding ceased during the austral winter of 1997 and 1998 for 6 and 4 months respectively. Metabolism, as measured by oxygen consumption and also ammonia excretion showed strong seasonality, with relatively brief 3 to 4 month periods of elevated activity in the austral summer contrasting with prolonged winter dormancy. Laboratory studies indicated that only 10-15% of the 3 fold seasonal rise in metabolism was caused directly by temperature (Q10=2.5) and that 80- 85% was related to increased physiological activity associated with feeding. Growth rate was measured over one year and was very slow. Comparison with other studies indicated that echinoid growth rate is strongly dependent on food availability, but that maximal growth rate is limited by seawater temperature, or by a co-varying factor. S. neumayeri is an annual spawner and histology was used to describe both the vitellogenic cycle and also to calculate reproductive output. Comparison with other published studies worldwide indicated that reproductive output is highly dependent on food availability, and that maximal reproductive output is not limited by temperature. Although the overall P: B ratio was low, the ratio of reproductive production to total production was higher than expected. These results indicated that due to the low metabolic rate only 12-16% of total body energy levels were used to endure the prolonged non-feeding polar winter. The overall annual growth efficiency was greater than for warmer water species, due to the larger relative contribution to reproductive output.

Flexible pavements are layered systems that consist of a sub-grade, sub-base, and the pavement surface layer. Pavement surface layer is a mixture of asphalt binder, coarse, and fine aggregates. The stiffness of asphalt materials is significantly reduced by an increase in temperature. The high heat capacity and the low thermal conductivity of pavement materials result in significant increase in temperature and hence increase in the potential of rutting or permanent deformation in asphalt pavements. Controlling of pavement temperature within a desirable range can be an efficient method to reduce rutting. In this study, the technique of lowering pavement temperature by using a fluid through pipes installed inside the pavement is being investigated. Pavement slabs of hot mix asphalt with and without inserted copper pipe were constructed in the Civil and Environmental Engineering laboratory, and the slabs were tested under high temperature with the Model Mobile Load Simulator 3 (MMLS3). The extraction of heat energy from asphalt pavements was achieved by flowing water through embedded pipe located at 1.5 inches below the surface. This technique resulted in a 10°C decrease in pavement temperature and a reduction of rutting depth from 0.65 inch (significant) to 0.1inch (insignificant). Rut depth and temperature data obtained at different locations along the pavement showed good correlation between surface temperature and rutting depth. The results show that the flowing water through embedded pipes is an effective way to reduce the surface temperature and thus to control rutting depth and prolong the life of pavement.