Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės teritorializacijos procesas XIV – XVI a. LDK teritorializacijos procesas prasidėjo vakarinėje LDK dalyje XIV a. 2 pus. Tai buvo sąlygota pažangesnių Lietuvos kaimyninių valstybių iniciatyvos delimituoti teritorijas. Pirmiausiai buvo sudarytas Lietuvos ir Mazovijos kunigaikštystės susitarimas dėl teritorijų limitacijos, pastaroji siekė apsaugoti savo žemes nuo potencialios lietuvių grėsmės. Tačiau tai tik epizodas. Esminis Lietuvos teritorializacijos proceso lūžis buvo Lietuvos ir Ordino delimitacinių procesų plejada, kuri buvo inicijuota politiškai aktyvios kaimyninės vokiečių valstybės. Ordinas suvokė delimitacinių procesų prasme, o Lietuvos valdantysis sluoksnis, regis, dar ne. Tačiau vokiečiai, siekdami delimituoti savo valstybės teritoriją, kartu skatino Lietuvos valstybės vakarinės dalies teritorinį tapsmą. Ši LDK dalis ypatingai teritorializacijos proceso buvo paliest valdant Vytautui. Šio valdovo laikais buvo nustatytos vakarinės LDK politinės sienos, kurios reiškė įtakos sferų tarp valstybių pasidalinimą. Po Vytauto delimitacinių procesu akcijos, XV a. 2 pus. prasidėjo rytinės LDK dalies teritorializacijos procesas, kurį sąlygojo galingos kaimyninės valstybės – Maskvos iškilimas. Taigi, rytinės LDK dalies teritorializacija buvo sąlygota politinių oponentų susidūrimo, kuris brėžė šių valstybių teritorijų sienas. Šios dalies teritorinis tapsmas, regis, tesėsi iki XVI a. vid. XV a. 2 pus. vakarinėje LDK dalyje, tarp... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary. The object of this research is to understand the territorialization process in the 14 - 16 centuries Grand Duches of Lithuania (GDL) and to find out the connect of the state territory and ruling class. First of all, bared on historiography we will try to find out the common formation process of the territorial state in Middle age. This will help to choose other criterions. In the second chapter GDL territorialization process is analized widely. The first stage in this process was determined by neighbour countries, such as Mazovia and the Teutonic Order. The Order, being aktiv territorial state, stimulated the interest of borders delimitation with GDL. The biggerst act of delimitation take part at the time of Great duke Vytautas. At the time of the latter rule the first Border between GDL and Order appears. In the third decade of the 15th century was passed to borde renovation process. The end of the process wan in 16 century. But, the border renovation process at the 16th century very intensive. It depend on inside colonization control. The collision of both borderland dvellers modificated state border. In 1545 the border between GDL and Prussiae was estabilished and the colomn with state coat of arm and inscription was made. It shows the concepsio of the state territory border. In the 16th century state line border appears. It’s traits: populated borderland; detailed border marking; borders have to correspond to all social classes land limits; borders should have... [to full text]

This study introduces a self concept that can serve as practice theory for pastoral counselling. The practical theological model of Zerfass is used to develop a basis, meta and practice theory. The basis theoretical perspectives indicate that the self may be viewed as the culmination of al the dimensions of perception of man. Three dimensions of the self may be distinguished, after the analogy of man as creation of God. -lmago Dei as structure/condition before God - man as the image of God - this emphasizes man's worth as creation of God. -lmago Dei as relational concept - man as a relationship being -this is essentially about experiencing love (security) in relationship with God, fellow man and nature. -lmago Dei as functional concept - man as representative of God -this essentially deals with the position in which man is appointed as representative of God. As a result of the fall of man the image of God in man is scarred and he exists in a condition of: -Shame (as the opposite of worth); -Fear (as the opposite of love); and -Guilt (as the opposite of position). Through the process of regeneration God creates a new person and in so doing restores man's worth in Christ. Through reconciliation in Christ God restores the love (security) within relationships as He had in mind before the fall. God acquits the person in Christ Jesus and restores the saved person's position as representative of God. Although man possesses love (security) and position in Christ, a bipolar tension exist between: -Worth and shame; -Love (security) and fear; and -Position and guilt. According to the meta theoretical perspectives man is a social creature and his/her self comes to fulfilment (with)in relationships. Man finds himself in a certain environment and circumstances and as such is subject to external influences. Man's need for security must be heeded in order for the self to realize its full potential. A safe place for genuineness, respect, and empathy must be created to actualise the self. Seeing that children learn through imitation, it is the responsibility of adults to be admirable role models for children. These perspectives raise an appeal to the human intellect. Man's intellectual/cognitive dimension therefore plays an important role in man's self. Finally, guidelines for the design and application of a practice theory for the application of a self-concept for pastoral counselling are suggested. / Thesis (M.A. (Practical Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

No description available.

No description available.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1996.

Two hundred and nine undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory Anthropology course were pre-tested using the Learning and Study Strategy Inventories (LASSI) to establish their learning approach. Concept mapping was used to alter a student's learning approach from a non-creative to a creative approach. Students were then post-tested using the LASSI to evaluate the learning intervention. The first hypothesis proposed that non-creative learners would become more holistic and creative learners as a result of the concept mapping intervention. No significant treatment effects were found. Non-creative learners made significant gains in concentration from pre to post testing. It was also hypothesized that certain demographic variables would help explain the learning approach a student demonstrated. Science students had the highest mean attitude, motivation, concentration and time management and use of test strategies. Anthropology students had the highest anxiety, and arts students increased on information processing. Nineteen year olds were the most motivated and attitude decreased with age. Second year students who had taken a previous course in anthropology had higher mean attitudes, motivation, concentration, selecting main ideas, and use of test strategies when compared to second year students who hadn't taken a previous course. Science students increased their mean use of test strategies regardless of previous course work. Overall, the mean use of test strategies increased regardless of faculty affiliation had a student taken a previous course.

No description available.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

This study introduces a self concept that can serve as practice theory for pastoral counselling. The practical theological model of Zerfass is used to develop a basis, meta and practice theory. The basis theoretical perspectives indicate that the self may be viewed as the culmination of al the dimensions of perception of man. Three dimensions of the self may be distinguished, after the analogy of man as creation of God. -lmago Dei as structure/condition before God - man as the image of God - this emphasizes man's worth as creation of God. -lmago Dei as relational concept - man as a relationship being -this is essentially about experiencing love (security) in relationship with God, fellow man and nature. -lmago Dei as functional concept - man as representative of God -this essentially deals with the position in which man is appointed as representative of God. As a result of the fall of man the image of God in man is scarred and he exists in a condition of: -Shame (as the opposite of worth); -Fear (as the opposite of love); and -Guilt (as the opposite of position). Through the process of regeneration God creates a new person and in so doing restores man's worth in Christ. Through reconciliation in Christ God restores the love (security) within relationships as He had in mind before the fall. God acquits the person in Christ Jesus and restores the saved person's position as representative of God. Although man possesses love (security) and position in Christ, a bipolar tension exist between: -Worth and shame; -Love (security) and fear; and -Position and guilt. According to the meta theoretical perspectives man is a social creature and his/her self comes to fulfilment (with)in relationships. Man finds himself in a certain environment and circumstances and as such is subject to external influences. Man's need for security must be heeded in order for the self to realize its full potential. A safe place for genuineness, respect, and empathy must be created to actualise the self. Seeing that children learn through imitation, it is the responsibility of adults to be admirable role models for children. These perspectives raise an appeal to the human intellect. Man's intellectual/cognitive dimension therefore plays an important role in man's self. Finally, guidelines for the design and application of a practice theory for the application of a self-concept for pastoral counselling are suggested. / Thesis (M.A. (Practical Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

No description available.