Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-105). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. App. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-116). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 117 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-117).

Orientador: Marcos Jun Watanabe / Resumo: O cavalo atleta necessita de um sistema termorregulatório eficiente para garantir sua homeostasia e funções vitais. O nível de exigência das competições aumenta a cada dia, sendo necessário uma alta conversão energética para produção de trabalho, sem sobrecarga gástrica e com menor produção de calor metabólico. A inclusão de óleos na alimentação equina tem sido realizada neste intuito. Objetivou-se analisar a influência da suplementação com óleo de avocado na termorregulação de equinos submetidos a exercício em esteira, com base nas temperaturas retal e superficial corpórea. Oito equinos machos da raça Árabe, não treinados, foram distribuídos em delineamento randomizado cruzado, sendo um grupo sem suplementação (GC) e outro grupo suplementado com óleo de avocado (GOAv) por um período de seis semanas. Ao fim da sexta semana, os animais foram submetidos a teste padrão de exercício progressivo (TPEP) e após sete dias a teste de baixa intensidade e longa duração (BILD). Após o primeiro ciclo, houve período de descanso “washout” de 30 dias para troca de grupos para o segundo ciclo, que seguiu o protocolo do primeiro. A termorregulação foi avaliada com base na temperatura retal e na temperatura superficial corpórea, obtidas por termografia, de 15 regiões de interesse, sendo 10 na face dorsal distal do membro torácico, quatro na face caudal proximal dos membros pélvicos e uma na face lateral esquerda da cabeça. A temperatura retal e as imagens termográficas foram obtidas antes, um m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The athletic horse needs an efficient thermoregulatory system to ensure its homeostasis and vital functions. The level of demands of the competitions increases every day, requiring a high energy conversion for work production, without gastric overload and with less metabolic heat production. The inclusion of oils in equine feed has been carried out for this purpose. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of supplementation with avocado oil on the thermoregulation of horses submitted to treadmill exercise, based on rectal and body surface temperatures. Eight non-trained Arabian male equines were distributed in a randomized crossover design, one control group (CG) without supplementation and another group supplemented (SG) with avocado oil for a period of six weeks. At the end of the sixth week, the animals were submitted to standard exercise test (SET) and after seven days the low intensity test (LIT). After the first cycle, there was a 30-day washout rest period to exchange groups for the second cycle, which followed the protocol of the first one. Thermoregulation was evaluated based on rectal temperature and body surface temperature, obtained by thermography, of 15 regions of interest, ten of the dorsal distal aspect of the thoracic limb, four of the proximal caudal aspect of the pelvic limbs and one of the left lateral aspect of the head. Rectal temperature and thermographic images were obtained before, one minute and 15 minutes after exercise. There was n... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Assessment and diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) is a challenging task. The conventional ways of diagnosing DED are problematic due to their invasiveness, poor test reliability and significant test duration. Previously, ocular surface thermography has been shown to be able to detect early inflammation and dry eye. However, its diagnostic ability and ocular temperature metrics that can best diagnose DED are not clear. The objectives of this thesis were manyfold. First, the prevalence of dry eye in Singapore population was investigated as a helpful basis for the rest of the project. A cross-sectional dry eye survey was carried out using McMonnies dry eye questionnaire. Members of the public were interviewed at 46 (out of 62) selected mass rapid transit stations in Singapore and its vicinity. 1004 questionnaires were collected from participants aged 15 - 83 years and various ethnicity. Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye (SDE) was found to be 12.3% (about 0.5 million Singaporeans). Risk factors associated with SDE were found to be age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension and contact lens wear. Smoking was not associated with SDE.The main part of this thesis sought to evaluate the efficacy of ocular thermography in diagnosing DED. A new infrared detector (NEC Thermo Tracer TH 9260) with relatively high resolution was used. Inter-image, inter-occasion and inter-examiner repeatability was first studied on 21 healthy and 15 DED subjects. Ocular surface marking and ocular surface temperature (OST) acquisition was performed with a novel 'diamond' method using a custom-designed OST analysis V2 software. Ten out of the twelve tested OST indices were shown to be highly repeatable for three studied time points: 0 s, 5 s and 10 s. They were temperatures of the geometric center of the cornea (GCC), mean temperature (MOST) of the region of interest (ROI), maximum (MaxT) and minimum (MinT) temperatures of the ROI, extreme temporal (T1) and nasal conjunctiva (T4), mid temporal (CT) and nasal conjunctiva (CN) and temporal (LT) and nasal limbal (LN). Another 62 DED and 63 age- and sex-matched controls were then recruited and the ten static and dynamic OST indices were evaluated. Static measures were study of absolute OST at t = 0 s, 5 s and 10 s after eye opening. Dynamic measures were study of mean change and net change in OST over 10 s of sustained eye opening. Static measures on eight OST indices (GCC, MOST, MinT, MaxT, T4, CT, LT and LN) at t = 0 s, 5 s and 10 s and dynamic measures on two OST indices (T4 at 3 s onward and MaxT at 5 s onward) were found to be valuable in detecting DED. The temperature metrics (static and dynamic) were identified for further investigation. Thereafter, the diagnostic ability of the temperature metrics were evaluated singly and as combinations in terms of their area under the curve (AUC), Youden index and discrimination power. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for each metric. Best detectors for DED were found to be the T4 temperature metrics: particularly T4-5 and T4-10 (i.e. absolute temperature of the extreme nasal conjunctiva at 5 s and 10 s). Values of T4-5 of < 34.8 °C were found to give sensitivity and specificity of 87.1% and 50.8% respectively and values of T4-10 of < 34.6 °C were found to give sensitivity and specificity of 77.6% and 61.9% respectively. The two temperature metrics had highest Youden index as compared to other metrics and were shown to be useful in view of AUC > 70% but of limited performance in view of their discrimination power. Nevertheless, measuring T4-5 and T4-10 was found to be comparable to other conventional methods for DED. T4-10 was better than T4-5 in view of higher AUC and Youden index. None of the tested dynamic metrics was good detector for DED and combining metrics were not able to increase the diagnostic ability. The last part of this thesis was to validate the effectiveness of some common conventional dry eye tests, to study their correlation with T4 temperature metrics and derive the best composite/combined tests for DED. Sixty two DED patients and 82 controls were studied. The conventional clinical tests examined were: symptom evaluation using McMonnies dry eye questionnaire (Mscore) and symptom count (Scount), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) and corneal epithelial staining (CES), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). Mscore and Scount was the best detectors for DED, followed by FBUT and CES. Discordance between signs and symptoms for DED was further confirmed. Combining CES with T4-10 (series) can be future objective tests for DED. Further research is warranted, particularly to (1) validate the ability of T4-10 as a stand-alone test for DED and (2) work out an algorithm and validate the diagnostic ability of the recommended combined test (CES and T4-10) using newly recruited subjects.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-30T11:48:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO ANTÔNIO DE FARIAS AIRES JÚNIOR - TESE (PPGEP) 2018.pdf: 6311663 bytes, checksum: cc5b79fd4124386db465d6671d163b9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-30T11:48:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO ANTÔNIO DE FARIAS AIRES JÚNIOR - TESE (PPGEP) 2018.pdf: 6311663 bytes, checksum: cc5b79fd4124386db465d6671d163b9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo otimizar o processo metodológico para aquisição de imagens termográficas da face. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na captação de imagens termográficas da face que contou com uma amostra de 10 indivíduos (7 mulheres e 3 homens), com idade entre 18 e 34 anos (dp = 4,45). A coleta de dados foi realizada no Laboratório de Ergonomia e Segurança do Trabalho da Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Mecânica do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (L.E.E.S.T – UAEM/CCT/UFCG). Captou-se imagens termográficas a partir do monitoramento e controle de variáveis como emissividade (Pele humana Ɛ=0,98), umidade relativa do ar (entre 40% e 60%), temperatura média do ambiente de estudo em 22,19°C (dp = 0,49) para 8 cenários combinando o enquadramento (vertical e horizontal), isolamento térmico (com e sem) e equalização dos indivíduos (com e sem), Temperatura Aparente Refletida a distância de 0,5 m entre a máquina termográfica e a face do indivíduo. Tomou-se como parâmetro de referência para comparação a Temperatura do Túnel do Cérebro (BTT). As imagens captadas foram analisadas no software Flir Tools (v.5.12.17041.2002) e os dados tabulados no software Excel 2016 com intervalo de confiança de 95% (p= 0,05). Foi observado que as imagens captadas com o enquadramento vertical associado ao isolamento térmico apresentaram registros de temperatura otimizados (com aumento) em relação aos exames captados com enquadramento horizontal e sem isolamento. A Temperatura Aparente Refletida exibiu alteração em relação à presença do isolamento térmico. Conclui-se que o ajuste do enquadramento, o isolamento térmico em torno da face e o registro da Temperatura Aparente Refletidas são importantes no que tange a produção de termogramas com registros de temperatura otimizados. / This study aims to optimize the methodological process for the acquisition of facial thermographic images. The methodology used consisted of the acquisition of facial thermographic images in a sample of 10 volunteers (7 women and 3 men), aged between 18 and 34 years (SD = 4.45). Data collection was performed at the Laboratory of Ergonomics and Occupational Safety of the Center of Sciences and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande (L.E.E.S.T – UAEM/CCT/UFCG). Thermographic images were obtained by monitoring and controlling variables such as emissivity (human skin Ɛ = 0.98), relative humidity (between 40% and 60%), mean temperature of the study environment at 22.19 ° C (dp = 0.49) for 8 scenarios combining framing (vertical and horizontal), with and without thermal insulation / equalization of the individuals, Apparent Temperature Reflected at a distance of 0.5 m between the thermographic camera and the face of the individual. The Brain Tunnel Temperature (BTT) was used as the reference parameter for comparison. The captured images were analyzed in Flir Tools (v.5.12.17041.2002) and the data analyzed in Excel 2016 software with a 95% confidence interval (p = 0.05). It was observed that the images captured with the vertical framing associated to the thermal insulation showed optimized temperature registers (with increase) when compared to those captured with horizontal framing and without insulation. The Reflected Apparent Temperature exhibited alteration in relation to the presence of the thermal insulation. It can be concluded that the adjustment of the frame, the thermal insulation around the face and the record of the Reflected Apparent Temperature are important for the production of thermograms with optimized temperature registers.

L’objectif de ce projet est de développer des méthodes d’analyse et de caractérisation des défauts structurels des matériaux s’appuyant sur la thermographie infrarouge stimulée. Nous pouvons à l’aide d’une excitation photothermique distante et d’un outil d’analyse que nous avons développé en laboratoire, déterminer la structure sous jacente d’un matériau, repérer précisément ses défauts et les mesurer. L’application qui nous intéresse ici porte sur la prévention, le diagnostique et la restauration des oeuvres d’art, nous avons démontré par de précédents travaux, la pertinence de cette approche et son potentiel important dans de nombreux domaines, qu’ils soient industriels, culturels, médicales ou autres. Nous avons fait la démonstration qu’il était possible d’analyse des matériaux fragiles de façon fiable et sans contact et nous comptons généraliser cette approche en l’étendant dans ses domaines d’intervention et dans sa précision. / The objective of this project is to develop analysis and characterization of structural defects in material methods based on photothermal radiometry,We can by means of a remote photothermal excitation and an analysis tool that we have developed in the laboratory to determine the underlying structure of a material, precisely locate its flaws and measure. The application of interest here focuses on the prevention, diagnosis and restoration of works of art, we have demonstrated by previous work, the relevance of this approach and its significant potential in many areas, such as industrial cultural, medical or other. We have demonstrated that it was possible to analyze fragile materials reliably and without contact and we intend to generalize this approach by extending its focal areas and its accuracy.

Os métodos mais utilizados para manutenção e inspeção em linhas de transmissão são caros, perigosos e pouco precisos. Este trabalho propõe um método de manutenção preventiva mais eficiente, autônomo, para um trabalho rápido e que não ofereça riscos aos trabalhadores envolvidos. O método visa a utilização de um dispositivo móvel que se locomover-se-a ao longo das linhas de transmissão e fará a inspeção. Foi utilizada uma câmera infravermelha e desenvolvido um método que processa os dados gerados pela câmera para assim permitir a automatização desejada desta manutenção preventiva. Esta câmera, ao invés de formar imagens utilizando as frequências eletromagnéticas na faixa do visível, que são reetidas pelos objetos, utiliza as frequências na faixa infravermelho, que são emitidas pelo próprio objeto que está sendo inspecionado. O objetivo é encontrar regiões das linhas de transmissão com elevada temperatura e acusar a falha, se for o caso, tão logo ela tenha sido detectada pela câmera e assim sendo possível saber a localização aproximada da falha e a melhor providência a ser tomada. / The methods used for maintenance and inspection of transmission lines are expensive, dangerous and inaccurate. This work proposes a method for preventive maintenance where is more e cient, autonomous, faster and that o ers no risk to workers. The method aims to use a mobile device that travels along the transmission lines andperforms the inspection. An infrared camera is used to develop a method that processes the generated data in order to enable the automation of preventive maintenance. This camera, instead of forming images by using the electromagnetic frequencies in the visible range, which are re ected from objects, uses frequencies in the infrared, which are emitted by the object under inspected. The goal is to nd regions of transmission lines with high temperatures and detect the fault, if any, the position of the fault and determine the best action to be taken.

A produção agropecuária tem grande importância na economia do Brasil e a ovinocultura se destaca no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), estado que com pouco menos de quatro milhões de cabeças atualmente possui o maior rebanho ovino brasileiro. Dentre os problemas que prejudicam a ovinocultura, muitos estão diretamente relacionados com pobres condições de bem-estar animal (BEA) e estresse. A dor associada a processos inflamatórios é uma causa frequente de estresse e comprometimento do BEA. Essa situação é observada em rebanhos ovinos acometidos pela podridão dos cascos (PC, footrot) e descrita no primeiro artigo. Em dois rebanhos ovinos acometidos pela PC foram avaliados os escores de lesões podais e comparados com a temperatura da pele do espaço interdigital dos cascos. Foi observada diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre a temperatura de cascos sadios e acometidos pela doença nos dois rebanhos, no entanto não foi observada diferença de temperatura entre pés com lesões de diferentes graus de severidade. Nos animais de um dos rebanhos foram avaliadas a frequência respiratória (FR), frequência cardíaca (FC) e temperatura retal (TR) como indicadores de estresse causado pela doença. Não foi observada diferença estatística de FR, FC e TR entre ovinos sadios e acometidos pela PC. A termografia infravermelha se mostrou uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliar o diagnóstico de lesões de PC em ovinos, no entanto não foi útil para predizer a severidade da lesão. No segundo artigo são abordadas as condições de alojamento dos ovinos em um parque de exposições. Foram feitas 1097 observações em 60 ovinos de 11 raças no Parque Estadual de Exposições Assis Brasil no período de 30 de agosto a quatro de setembro de 2011. Foram medidas a temperatura (T°C) e a umidade relativa do ar (UR) bem como a temperatura do olho (TO) usando uma câmera infravermelha, além da frequência respiratória (FR) por inspeção do animal. As variáveis climáticas mudaram ao longo do dia e ao longo do período de observação. Houve diferença significativa entre as raças, especialmente nos períodos da tarde e noite quando a temperatura do ar foi mais alta e os animais estiveram fora da sua zona de conforto. Houve correlação alta positiva entre a temperatura do ar e parâmetros fisiológicos dos animais e intermediária negativa com a umidade relativa do ar. A raça Santa Inês foi a melhor adaptada às condições de estresse térmico, enquanto animais lanados foram menos adaptados. Cada raça respondeu de uma forma diferente, dado mostrado com limites de temperatura e umidade para cada raça. Sugerimos que condições ambientais controladas no galpão de alojamento possam garantir conforto climático aos animais, principalmente durante a tarde e à noite quando o estresse foi maior. / Livestock production is very important for Brazilian economy, and the sheep industry stands out in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Despite the reduction of the flock of 14 million sheep in the 1970s to just under four million today, the state still has the largest sheep flock in Brazil. Among the problems that affect the sheep industry, many are directly related to poor conditions of animal welfare. Pain associated with inflammation is a frequent cause of stress and impairment of animal welfare in extensive farming systems. This situation is observed in sheep flocks affected by footrot and described in the first study. Footrot is a contagious disease of sheep that causes severe economic losses to producers and compromises the welfare of animals. In two sheep flocks affected by footrot, animals were evaluated and foot scores compared with the temperature of interdigital skin of the hooves. Significant difference (P <0.05) was found between the temperature of hooves healthy and affected by the disease in herds, but there was no difference in temperature of different foot scores. Animals were assessed for respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (RT) as indicators of stress caused by the disease. There was no statistical difference in RR, HR and TR between healthy and affected sheep. It was shown that infrared thermography is a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis of lesions of footrot in sheep, but is not useful to predict the severity of the injury. In the second study, agricultural fairs environment and sheep welfare are discussed. Observations (1097) were made on 60 sheep from 11 breeds in the State Exhibition Park Assis Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, from August 30 to September 4, 2011. We measured the temperature and relative humidity of the air as well as eye temperature using an infrared camera, and respiratory rate by inspection of the animal. The climatic conditions changed throughout the day and during the observation period. There were significant differences between breeds, especially during the afternoon and evening when the air temperature was higher, and when sheep suffered more heat stress. High positive correlations were found between air temperature and physiological parameters of animals but negative and intermediate with relative humidity. The Santa Ines sheep were best adapted to stress, while wool animals were less well adapted. Each breed responded differently, as shown with ranges of temperature and humidity for each breed. We suggest that environmental conditions in the shed where the animals are housed should be controlled to ensure comfort.