Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, 2011. / Submitted by Shayane Marques Zica (marquacizh@uol.com.br) on 2011-09-30T20:21:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_NayaraDiasPajeuNascimento.pdf: 942294 bytes, checksum: 245b815d261b4b5cb81f6f24c13692ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Mendes(camila@bce.unb.br) on 2011-10-13T17:51:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_NayaraDiasPajeuNascimento.pdf: 942294 bytes, checksum: 245b815d261b4b5cb81f6f24c13692ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-10-13T17:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_NayaraDiasPajeuNascimento.pdf: 942294 bytes, checksum: 245b815d261b4b5cb81f6f24c13692ef (MD5) / Verificar o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre a oferta do Ensino Médio em escolas públicas no município de Paraíso do Tocantins foi o objetivo central deste trabalho. As idéias de Kuenzer (1997), Cordeiro, Venturi e Hollanda (2009), Dayrell (2009), Abromo (2005b) e Lima (2004), nos forneceram o alicerce necessário ao entendimento de como se estabeleceu o Ensino Médio no Brasil nos últimos 15 anos e sobre o mundo em que os jovens contemporâneos estão inseridos. O debate sobre o modelo de escola de Ensino Médio para atender as demandas destes jovens também foi contemplado. Para responder a entrevista semi-estruturada, instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado, selecionamos estudantes de todas as turmas de calouros e formandos das instituições que concentram o maior número de matrículas no Ensino Médio. Os resultados apontam que os pais são os que mais influenciam na escolha do curso e instituição de Ensino Médio que os filhos estudam, e que a maioria das escolhas são feitas sem o conhecimento de todas as possibilidades de oferta do Ensino Médio no município. Os estudantes citam pontos positivos e negativos do curso e instituições em que estão matriculados e, em sua totalidade, pretendem cursar graduação tão logo finalizem o Ensino Médio, o que nos leva a questionar se o Ensino Médio Integrado a Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio, ofertado por uma das instituições de ensino pesquisadas, está cumprindo seu objetivo de atender aos cidadãos que precisam de qualificação profissional para dar início imediato a vida produtiva. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Check the student’s knowledge of the high school in public schools in the municipality of Paraíso of Tocantins was the central aim of this Work. Kuenzer’s ideas (1997), Lamb, Venturi and Holland (2009), Dayrell (2009), Abromo (2005b) and Lima (2004), provided us with the necessary foundation for understanding how high school was established in Brazil in recent 15 years and the world in wich contemporary young people are immersed. The debate on the model of secondary school to meet the demands of these young people was also included. To answer the semi-structured data collection instrument used, selected students from all groups of freshmen and senior students of the institutions with the highest enrollment in high school. The results show that parents are the most influential in the choice of course and institution of high school that children attend school and most of the course and who are enrolled in institutions and in its entirety, as soon as they intend to attend graduate completed middle school, which leads us to question whether the School Integrated Vocational Technical Education Midlle Level, offered by educational institutions surveyed, is fulfilling its objective of serving the citizens who need professional training to begin immediately productive life.

M.Ing. / The need for efficient, power dense, high frequency DC-DC converters is becoming more important in applications such as on board voltage regulation modules for low voltage microprocessors as well as the interconnection system of the two parallel DC-busses present in future automobiles. These applications have a few basic criteria in common, namely, that they exhibit a low voltage conversion ratio, demand a high power capability as well as a high power density and have no explicit need for galvanic isolation. For applications that fit this description, a new innovative conversion system is presented and critically evaluated against similar converters on the bases of efficiency and component rms currents. The comparison involves four such DC-DC converters, from which two are new topologies brought about by the new innovative system configuration. Generalised analytical results, alongside practically verified results, are presented for each converter topology. A detailed design also accompanies each converter topology. The results show that significant gain can be achieved from the new innovative conversion system above currently implemented DC-DC converters in the fields of switch and passive component rms currents as well as power density and efficiency. This gain is shown to come at the cost of increased complexity and the loss of galvanic isolation.

M.Ing.

The purpose of this paper is two-fold - to trace the development of Russian American Company relations with foreigners in Alaska and to assess the effects of foreign trade there on the competitive position of the company. The closing year for this study, 1839, is the year in which the Russian American Company made definite arrangements to receive much of its provisions from the Hudson's Bay Company in order to resolve its long-standing problem of supply. As to the first aspect of this theme, this account of Russian American Company foreign relations follows in broad outline the existing works dealing with the history of the company. However, some corrections and new material based on a careful study of unpublished sources in America and the Soviet Union have been added concerning the details of foreign visits to Alaska. Various subject relevant to the development of foreign trade are considered: its beginnings, the evolution of company and government attitudes to relations with foreigners, and the development of Hudson's Bay Company trade in the area. The financial prosperity of the Russian American Company is reassessed and revised downwards on the basis of some relatively unexploited archival material, with the inflationary decrease in the value of the paper ruble being taken into account. Particular attention is paid to the events leading up to the lease of the Alaska panhandle (lisière) in 1839 in order to determine the essential significance of the agreement in terms of the foreign trade and further development of the Russian American Company. The main conclusions of the thesis can be stated briefly as follows. Although small in comparison with the total income and expenditure in the colony, foreign trade was absolutely necessary to the survival of the company in Alaska unless and until some reliable alternative source of vital provisions and supplies could be devised. The final decision to regularize and perpetuate the Russian American Company's dependence on foreign trade signified a final acceptance of the view that there was no feasible alternative. Whether this view was completely valid cannot be answered definitely on the basis of the available evidence. It seems clear that the decision was not made on the basis of economic feasibility or political considerations alone. In any case the principal result of the lease agreement was that the Russian American Company's prospects for economic progress or even for holding its own financially practically disappeared. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

The basic contention of this thesis is that the journals and memoirs of a famous Canadian expedition—that of the "Overlanders" to the Cariboo gold fields in 1862—have literary as well as historical value. The accounts may be read as autobiographies, or as classic adventure stories (romances). The first chapter seeks to define the criteria by which we "judge literary worth in these two forms, and indicate in;: general terms how the Overlander narratives fit into both genres. The second chapter is concerned with dramatic structure in the narratives. The plot, reduced to its simplest form, is seen to be essentially that of the traditional folk tale ("naive" romance), in which heroes ride off in search of fabulous treasure, and on the way must overcome a variety of staggering difficulties. Although the outline of the plot in the Overlander accounts was supplied by actual events, the authors' ability to recognize the drama and reproduce it effectively is evidence of their creative power. The third chapter examines the diction, sentence structure, and imagery of each of the narrators. Their artistry and originality is perhaps more apparent in their style than in any other aspect of their writing. The fourth and fifth chapters concentrate on autobiographical meaning in the accounts. This meaning is developed as the travellers are shown striving to maintain harmony among themselves, and struggling to make progress in a sometimes hostile wilderness. All the narrators were Christian believers. Their religious vision was reaffirmed in the course of the trek, and broadened and deepened by their experiences. This vision and the process of its expansion, re-created by the authors, provide unity and a sense of progression for their works. In the final chapter, an attempt has been made to place the Overlander narratives in the context of the Canadian literary tradition. They belong to a large body of early travellers' and explorers' narratives which are full of fascinating details and curious anecdotes, and possess drama, poetry, and psychological interest, but which are just beginning to be recognized as genuine and valuable imaginative literature. Even after the fairly extensive analysis which can be made in a study of this length, it does not seem possible to state exactly how much literary value exists in works which are as little known as these, especially since what is true . of one or several may not be true of all the narratives. This examination does indicate, however, that these accounts taken as a whole possess both form and meaning and will give almost any reader pleasure on many levels. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Thomas Goodnight’s definition of controversy offers an initial examination of Reverend Donald Wildmon and Reverend Pat Robertson’s attack of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), initiating the Culture Wars of 1989. Using their most reliable communication tactics, Wildmon and Robertson attempted to garner support for their values by manufacturing controversy related to government funding of the National Endowment for the Arts. Together, they manufacture social controversy around two inter-related themes, one of morality, in which they argued Christians were being persecuted by the art community, and the other against federal funding of objectionable art, using Andres Serrano and Robert Mapplethorpe as symbols of corruption. In addition to the initial attacks on Serrano and Mapplethorpe, my rhetorical analysis illustrates how Wildmon’s and Robertson’s rhetoric seemingly sanctioned the manufacturing of a social controversy regarding the Federal funding for objectionable art as a way to promote their pro-family and anti-homosexual agenda.

Note:

Coal dust is inextricably linked to the development of dust diseases. To date, the role of mineral matter in coal has been investigated for its links to pulmonary damage; however, no consensus has been reached on which characteristics are relevant to pulmonary toxicity. This study hypothesises that the toxic potential of inhalable coal dust can be attributed to reactive mineralogy and the specific surface area for interaction between the particles and primary phagocytes such as macrophages. To test this hypothesis, the study developed an advanced understanding of the relationship between the physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of coal particles and pulmonary toxicity. Three objectives were constructed to achieve this aim. Objective 1 developed a detailed particle characterisation dataset on coal particle samples utilising both routine (X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence) and advanced methods of coal analysis (automated scanning electron microscopy systems). Objective 2 elucidated multivariant relationships between the particle characteristics and the immunological responses from exposed macrophage cells in vitro using advanced statistical methods. Lastly, objective 3 developed a protocol to empirically characterise the relative risk of coal dust-related damage on a cellular level. In developing a detailed characterisation dataset on the coal samples, both routine and automated analysis tools were used to define general, chemical, mineralogical, and mineral specific characteristics. An auto-SEM-EDS-XRD (Automated scanning electron microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and analyses generated by X-ray Diffraction) protocol was developed to obtain a broad spectrum of particle data by mineralogically mapping each particle. This protocol involved the rigorous analysis of uncertainty in the data using comparative datasets generated from XRD and XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) analyses. In summary, the study demonstrated that the combined use of both routine and advanced particle analysis tools allowed for the classification of chemical and mineralogical distributions as well as a discrimination between general and mineral specific particle characteristics. Generally, these results suggested that features relating to general particle characteristics (size, shape, roughness, and surface area) are more strongly a function of mechanical breakage and deformation than compositional variation. To assess the multivariant relationships between the numerous characteristics defined and response measures of cellular toxicity, a PLSR (partial least squares regression) was applied in a novel approach to attempt a single model comparison of such relationships. This model was chosen for its ability to relate response and explanatory variables based on a new set of variables which have undergone dimensionality reduction whilst maximising the covariance. The results from the relationship analysis showed that physical characteristics (particle shape in particular) displayed a greater influence on cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation over mineral and chemical-based characteristics. Relating this observation to previous research it was suggested that the influence of shape and roughness on phagocytosis may have strong implications for magnitude of direct and indirect cellular harm and the predominance of either intracellular or extracellular damage. The results also showed that, apart from the influence of particle shape, radical-induced stress and cytotoxicity displayed a strong dependency on (1) the chemical and mineralogical reactivity Ca hosted in gypsum, (2) the release/inhibition of Fe from pyrite and Fe-sulfates, and (3) the surface activity of quartz based on its crystallite size. However, the relationships defined in the context of cytotoxicity displayed a more nuanced dependency with the silicate mineral content and their associated properties compared to lipid peroxidation. From this it was suggested that non-radical related pathways to cytotoxicity could also occur from coal dust exposure. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the first analysis which assesses relative impact and magnitude of multiple particle characteristics on cytotoxicity and cellular stress. Finally, to provide a more easily interpretable format for the analysis of the PLSR relationships, a protocol was developed to screen variables based on: (1) their level of importance to the defined relationship and (2) the rank of importance for each influential variable represented on a unified scale. Elements which explained the variability within the sample characteristics and the responses were clustered using the k-means algorithm to determine classes of samples which display similar characteristics or levels of toxicity. The comparison of the classes grouping samples with similar properties versus samples groups with similar toxicity levels showed that even though samples may share similar properties, their reported level of toxicity may differ. This confirms the observations from previous studies which have shown that the relative toxicity of coal dust cannot be explained on the basis of isolated properties. Rather the set of ‘influential variables' showed that a combination of general, chemical, mineralogical and mineral specific data are needed to determine the differences between levels of toxicity. Ultimately, the application of this protocol on 17 different dust-sized coal samples demonstrated the key differences between samples and their influence on levels of cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation, which until this study have not been demonstrated by a single regression. As an outcome of such results, this study provides a robust analysis strategy for elucidating particle cell relations which can further advance the understanding of coal dust induced disease pathology. Additionally, the protocol has demonstrated the usefulness of disseminating the complex data structures to more easily interpretable data formats such that a generalisable analysis of risk factors related to coal dust-based cellular damage can be utilised by stakeholders in data-based decision making. Ultimately, the results of this study propose that the toxic potential of coal dust is primarily a function of the reactive mineralogical and chemical components within the particles, however, the magnitude of this intrinsic reactivity is subject to the mitigative factors which can either neutralise of supress the anticipated reactivity.

No description available.

No description available.