Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Nov 28

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2014. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2014-12-03T18:54:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_ErichAdamMoreiraLima.pdf: 8875895 bytes, checksum: d08cfb73e5afe397b2ccf012b8ca75ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2014-12-04T11:22:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_ErichAdamMoreiraLima.pdf: 8875895 bytes, checksum: d08cfb73e5afe397b2ccf012b8ca75ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-04T11:22:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_ErichAdamMoreiraLima.pdf: 8875895 bytes, checksum: d08cfb73e5afe397b2ccf012b8ca75ac (MD5) / A região estuda da está inserida na Província Tocantins, sudoeste do estado do Tocantins. Este trabalho diferencia dois importantes Domínios Paleoproterozóicos, separados pela Zonade Cisalhamento Cruz das Almas (ZC-CA): Cavalcante Arraias, a oeste; Almas Conceição do Tocantins, a leste. A porção ocidental é representada pela Sequência Metavulcano sedimentar Água Suja (SMAS), composta por xistos feldspáticos, muscovitaxistos, anfibólioxistos, metavulcânicas ácidas, formações ferríferas bandadas, gondito separa gnaisses. Aparte oriental é integrada pela Suíte Granodiorítica-Tonalítica Rio do Moleque (SRM), constituída por biotita tonalito segranodioritos, e pela Unidade Hidrotermalito, importante depósito de ouro orogênico derivado da SEM através de distintos processos hidrotermais. Para um melhor entendimento, realizou-se um detalhamento petrográfico, geocronológico e geoquímico através de minerais acessórios, como: titanita e allanita. Estas amostras foram analisadas através de Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura, Microssonda Eletrônica e LA-ICPMS. Núcleos e bordas dos grãos de allanita da SRM e Unidade Hidrotermalito apresentam anomalias positivas de Eu, além de ampla variação composicional de FeO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, La2O3, Ce2O3, SiO2 e CaO. O que reflete recristalização para outros minerais e intensa metamictização. Além disso, as porções mais preservadas exibem enriquecimento em ETRL e empobrecimento em ETRP. As titanitas da SRM e Unidade Hidrotermalito, de origem magmática e hidrotermal, exibem anomaliaspositivas de Eu e boa correlação positiva entre (Al+Fe3+) e F, indicando incorporação de OH. As amostras analisadas, também apresentam ampla variação de SiO2, TiO2,CaO e Al2O3.As titanitas da SEM fornecem idade U-Pbde~2.34Ga, considerada como idade ígnea de cristalização,e de~1.65Ga, associadas a recristalização.As titanitas da SMAS, interpretada como de origem metamórfica, exibem resultados homogêneos de SiO2 e CaO, com variações sutis de TiO2, Al2O3 e Fe2O3. A maior parte dos grãos analisados é de composição aluminosa com alto componente Ca(Al, Fe3+)(OH, F)SiO, associada a condições metamórficas. Idade U-Pbde~2.15Ga, representa o pico do metamorfismo. Enquanto, que a idade~2.05Ga representa o rescritalização parcial dos grãos de titanita da SRM. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The study area is located in the Tocantins Province, southwest of the Tocantins State. This paper distinguishes two major Paleoproterozoic Domains, separated by Cruz das Almas Shear Zone (CB-CA): Natividade Cavalcante, west; Almas Conceição do Tocantins, east. The western portion is represented by the Água Suja Metavolcano-sedimentary Sequence (SMAS), composed of feldspathic schists, muscovite schists, amphibole schists, acid metavolcanics, banded iron formations, gondites and paragneisses. The eastern part is integrated by granodioritic-tonalitic Rio do Moleque Suite (SRM) consisting of tonalite and biotite granodiorites, and the Hidrotermalito Unit, major orogenic gold deposit derived from the SRM through distinct hydrothermal processes. For a better understanding, performed a review into petrographic, geochemical and geochronological details through accessory minerals, such as titanite and alllanite. These samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and LA-ICPMS. Alllanite Cores and rims of SRM and Hidrotermalito Unit show positive anomalies of Eu, besides a wide compositional variation of FeO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, La2O3, Ce2O3, SiO2 and CaO. What reflects recrystallization to other minerals and intense metamictization. Additionally, better preserved portions exhibiting LREE enrichment and depletion of HREE. The titanite of SRM and Hidrotermalito Unit, magmatic and hydrothermal origin, exhibit positive anomalies of Eu and good positive correlation between (Al+Fe3+) and F, indicating incorporation of OH. The samples also show wide variation of SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and CaO. The SRM titanite provides U-Pb ages of ~2.34 Ga, considered as the age of igneous crystallization, and ~1.65 Ga, associated to recrystallization. The SMAS titanite, interpreted as metamorphic origin, exhibit homogeneous results of SiO2 and CaO, with subtle variations in TiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Most SMAS titanite analyzed prove aluminous composition with high component Ca (Al,Fe3+)(OH,F)SiO4, associated to metamorphic growth conditions. U-Pb age of ~2.15 Ga, is the peak of metamorphism. While that age ~ 2.05 Ga represents the partial recrystallization of SRM titanite grains.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2010. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-04-04T21:50:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_ElenOliveiraVianna.pdf: 23382780 bytes, checksum: b06e679d8c145df4b7c9e5d62cce7c42 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-04-04T21:51:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_ElenOliveiraVianna.pdf: 23382780 bytes, checksum: b06e679d8c145df4b7c9e5d62cce7c42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-04T21:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_ElenOliveiraVianna.pdf: 23382780 bytes, checksum: b06e679d8c145df4b7c9e5d62cce7c42 (MD5) / A questão energética acompanha a história da humanidade e atualmente tem gerado uma polêmica de caráter multidisciplinar, no interior da qual situa-se o tema central deste estudo: o enfoque ao alto consumo de energia elétrica em edifícios públicos. A abordagem vai, então, de encontro à sustentabilidade na arquitetura e a utilização de energia solar fotovoltaica como tecnologia que alia fontes alternativas renováveis de energia integradas a edifícios conectados à rede elétrica urbana. O presente trabalho direciona-se à desmistificação da utilização de fontes alternativas de energia aliadas à produção arquitetônica contemporânea. Em um primeiro momento contextualiza-se a sustentabilidade, a questão energética mundial e a utilização de sistemas solares ativos na arquitetura e em seguida, o principal objetivo é dimensionar um Sistema Fotovoltaico integrado a um edifício público – Fórum de Palmas – TO. Para isto foi necessário avaliar a eficiência energética do edifício; e neste sentido foi considerado o consumo de energia nos denominados horários de pico e de ponta. Posteriormente, o estudo buscou testar diversas possibilidades de painéis fotovoltaicos, analisando qual o melhor desempenho, em função das características locais como: a orientação solar, a latitude, a média mensal anual de radiação solar. Foi feita uma simulação de um sistema solar fotovoltaico ideal com os devidos cálculos de seu rendimento, a fim de proporcionar uma compensação do gasto energético do edifício – ou parte dele - através da utilização da fonte alternativa em questão. O objetivo é desmistificar a geração de energia elétrica a partir da utilização da energia solar, avaliando ao longo do estudo, a contribuição do sistema ao consumo da energia elétrica convencional. Finalmente, realizou-se a análise econômica parcial do sistema, vislumbrando-se assim, caracterizar o potencial de contribuição do Sistema Solar Fotovoltaico integrado a um edifício público - o Fórum de Palmas – TO - conectado à rede de energia elétrica, colaborando com a sua popularização no contexto da arquitetura sustentável. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The energy issue accompanies the history of mankind and nowadays has triggered a multidisciplinary debate. Within this discussion, there is the main topic of this study: the focus on the high electric power consumption in public buildings. The approach is in consonance with the sustainability of architecture and the use of solar photovoltaic energy as a technological tool that brings into alliance the renewable alternative energy sources and the buildings which are connected to the urban electric power lines. This study aims to dismystify the use of alternative energy sources in conjunction with the contemporary architectonic production. In the first part the sustainability, the world energy issue and the use of active solar systems in architecture were contextualized and then, the main objective was to measure.an Integrated Photovoltaic System in a public building- the Court of Justice in Palmas, Tocantins. For that reason, it was necessary to evaluate the energy efficiency in the building and to achieve that objective the energy consumption in the so-called rush hours and the 19:00 to 21:00 period of time were considered. Subsequently, the study tested several possibilities of photovoltaic panels and analyzed which one had the best performance, according to the local characteristic such as: the solar orientation, the latitude, the monthly and annual solar radiation average. There has been done a simulation of an ideal photovoltaic solar system with the proper calculii of its productivity, in order to provide a compensation to the energy consumption of the building- or a part of it- through the use of the alternative energy source in question. The objective is to dismystify the generation of electric power from the use of solar energy and thus evaluating the contribution of the system to the conventional electric energy. Finally, a partial economic analysis of the system was carried out, driving to characterize the contribution potential of the Integrated Photovoltaic Solar system in a public building- the Court of Justice in Palmas, Tocantins, connected to the electric power lines and therefore collaborating to its popularization in the sustainable architecture context.

Bootstrapping techniques have the potential to accelerate the development of language technology resources. This is of specific importance in the developing world where language technology resources are scarce and linguistic diversity is high. In this thesis we analyse the pronunciation modelling task within a bootstrapping framework, as a case study in the bootstrapping of language technology resources. We analyse the grapheme-to-phoneme conversion task in the search for a grapheme-to-phoneme conversion algorithm that can be utilised during bootstrapping. We experiment with enhancements to the Dynamically Expanding Context algorithm and develop a new algorithm for grapheme-tophoneme rule extraction (Default & Refine) that utilises the concept of a ‘default phoneme’ to create a cascade of increasingly specialised rules. This algorithm displays a number of attractive properties including rapid learning, language independence, good asymptotic accuracy, robustness to noise, and the production of a compact rule set. In order to have greater flexibility with regard to the various heuristic choices made during rewrite rule extraction, we define a new theoretical framework for analysing instance-based learning of rewrite rule sets. We define the concept of minimal representation graphs, and discuss the utility of these graphs in obtaining the smallest possible rule set describing a given set of discrete training data. We develop an approach for the interactive creation of pronunciation models via bootstrapping, and implement this approach in a system that integrates various of the analysed grapheme-to-phoneme alignment and conversion algorithms. The focus of this work is on combining machine learning and human intervention in such a way as to minimise the amount of human effort required during bootstrapping, and a generic framework for the analysis of this process is defined. Practical tools that support the bootstrapping process are developed and the efficiency of the process is analysed from both a machine learning and a human factors perspective. We find that even linguistically untrained users can use the system to create electronic pronunciation dictionaries accurately, in a fraction of the time the traditional approach requires. We create new dictionaries in a number of languages (isiZulu, Afrikaans and Sepedi) and demonstrate the utility of these dictionaries by incorporating them in speech technology systems. / Thesis (PhD (Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

This study looks at the fluid interactions from the wake of a sail boat performing the heaving-to storm tactic in heavy weather seas with the waves. This interaction causes the wave height in the wake to be reduced. The fluid flow in the top layer of the wave is seen to move with the wake as the hull drifts with the wind. This movement of the top layer of the wave provides a vertical momentum cancelation affect with the portion of the wave that it moves over reducing the wave height. STAR-CCM+ CFD software is used to perform the simulations of the steep waves with wavelength of 25 meters, 55 meters, and 67 meters. In the simulation, a propulsive force is used to simulate the wind force on the boat. / Master of Science

Goal of this work is to analyze life cycle assessment of building construction systems. LCA has been made by two different methods. One is based on ISO standards (Athena) and other on works with Ecoindicator (Ecolizer). Subject of comparison has been life cycle stages, materials and construction systems. The best results of constructions recived construction made of brick block and wood based Two by Four difuse-open construction. The worst construction is rebar-concrete one and most difficult was to understand results of construction made of CLT panel.

This study analyzed preferences for wetland-loss prevention in coastal Louisiana. Data were obtained through a contingent-valuation mail survey of a random sample of Louisiana households. Results, based on 511 responses, indicate that respondents have a strong preference for a short-run program (72.41% chose this program over a long-run program or no action). Respondents that had higher incomes, were white, had prior knowledge of ongoing restoration efforts, and had confidence in government were more likely to support some program relative to no action, as were those citing hurricane, environmental, and/or climate-change protection as their primary concern. Older respondents and those with negative perceptions of climate change were more likely to prefer the short-run over the long-run program. Median net present value of willingness to pay (assuming 18.37% discount rate) was estimated at $17,491 per household for the multinomial logit model and $3,307 under the Turnbull lower-bound method.

No description available.

This Integrated Learning Experience (ILE) investigates literature regarding the impact of national Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programs and takes a deeper dive into the lessons that can be learned from North Carolina’s Active Routes to School (NC ARTS) programs through an analysis of data collected from 2007 to 2019. This report is focused on understanding the relationship between and among variables included in the Six Es of SRTS framework: Education, Engineering, Encouragement, Enforcement, Equity, and Evaluation. This investigation provides insight that extends understanding of parental comfort and engagement with these programs. A unique theoretical model was developed as were recommendations for future research in the areas of parental engagement, social norming, and the need for engaging low-wealth communities. Additionally, a community-based social marketing product was developed to improve parental attitudes toward independent active travel for older elementary-, middle school-, and high school-aged children.

<p>OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this systematic review was to illustrate the various definitions authors of methodology articles have offered for intention to treat (ITT) in relation to loss to follow up (LTFU).</p> <p> METHODS: We searched MEDLINE® for publications appearing between 1950 to 2008. Eligible papers devoted at least one paragraph to ITT and two other paragraphs to either ITT or LTFU. Investigators independently extracted relevant information from each eligible article. Discrepancies between data extractors were adjudicated. Data was extracted and variables used during data extraction were analyzed using the Landis and Koch guidelines kappa values.</p> <p> RESULTS: The MEDLINE® search yielded 1007 articles. One-hundred and ten articles underwent full text screening yielding 66 articles. All kappa's were substantial to near perfect agreement (>0.74). Of the 66 articles, five (8%) did not define ITT, 25 (41%) mentioned LTFU but did not discuss its relationship with ITT, 36 (59%) commented on LTFU in the context of ITT. These 36 articles segregated into three distinctive definitions for ITT: "full-follow-up required" (mentioned 58%), "ITT and LTFU are separate issues" (mentioned 17%), and "ITI involves specific strategy for LTFU" (mentioned 78%). Of the 36 articles, 17 (47%) had multiple definitions for ITT. The most frequent strategies mentioned for handling LTFU were last outcome carried forward (50%), sensitivity analysis (50%), and use of available data to impute (46%). Most articles (81%) specifically excluded complete case analysis under ITI.</p> <p> CONCLUSION : The most striking finding of our systematic review is that there is no meaningful consensus on the definition of ITI. This review, considered alongside previous reviews of RCTs, demonstrates that simply stating a study employed ITT is useless at best and misleading and dangerous at worst. It is the recommendation of this thesis that trialists replace the term ITI with a clear statements about analytic strategies applied to participants who were followed and with those not followed.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)