Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology,İzmir, 2004 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 75).

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Pauline K. Eversmann, Winterthur Program in Early American Culture. Includes bibliographical references.

In this thesis, I explore the collective excrement apparatus of Kampala, or the “shitscape”. I consider the diverse ways that the city’s inhabitants utilise different materials to manage their daily defecation, from flush toilets and latrines to plastic bags, septic tanks, and wastewater channels. In doing so, I unravel the historical and contemporary construction of toileting as a critical component of the modern city in the global south, and the everyday role of excrement in the inclusion and exclusion of Kampala’s inhabitants. The shitscape therefore invites a discussion of how the city’s sanitation infrastructures are thought about and implemented in a way that both reflects and reinforces the socio-economic disparities of its residents. The thesis begins with an historical analysis of how the city was shaped by colonialism and how this affects the contemporary shitscape in terms of ideas about urbanity, modernity, and hygiene, and then analyses how the material and symbolic groundwork of the colonial period is extended into the planning and living of today’s city. Tracing the city’s main wastewater channel through affluent areas and informal settlements of central Kampala, I use ethnographic and qualitative methods to understand the everyday toileting materialities and performances, and its role in the ways in which the city is read, perceived, and lived by its inhabitants. The study’s primary theoretical contribution is to contribute to Lefebvre’s theories about the production of urban space by bringing it into conversation with postcolonial and feminist literatures that knit together bodily function and material infrastructure. This everyday look at the how the city’s shitscape operates ultimately offers ways to challenge prevailing notions of urbanity, and prompts thinking about alternative possibilities for how city life is conceptualised.

published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-128). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

No description available.

The project  is related to the design of a new type of Public Toilets from the company Danfo for the year 2014.   The proper project follows asequential order to show how to create solution to the existing problems of these Service  and re-design the product itself to create a new look and new core values to the existing service , creating   a new product line for this kind of service in the market in this particular case the re-design  of a new type of Public Toilets for the year 2014.   Following the sequential order of a  design process it is proposed a new concept of Public Toilets  which will give service to users in City’s and Landscape areas. Developing a new  style and realistic concept of Publict Toilets.  Creating  sustainable buildings  which generate the 60 % of the own used energy,  using renewable energy sources from sun and wind, reusing the rainwater and with purifying water systems, for minimum water consumption, moreover a building  design to avoid vandalism and which give different services on the exterior creating information  reunion point, for the interior is looked at  the essence of  Public Toilets and why they where designed,  creating a new concept of  a multifunctional Hygiene cabin, and resolving the existing detected problems to create a  design concept that satisfied all the stakeholders involved in  the proper artifact and combined with the innovation of the design to open new markets.   A new type of Public Toilets with  new core values and which gives new services based on the conclusion and reflections of the  done research. It is proposed a Re-design of the Exterior and Interior  of the existing building and the design  of two  new artifacts  for the interior which resolves and gives service, creating new goals for the company  and a new style. Combined with the existing technology and production methods  and materials thinking in the future development and trends.

In an attempt to supply sanitation to the growing communities in rural and peri-urban areas around Durban, the eThekweni Municipality has installed urine diversion (UD) toilets which have been modified to suit local conditions . These toilets are based on the ecological sanitation (EcoSan) system. The future aims are to reuse waste as a composting medium and minimize the use of water but the presence of microorganisms in the faecal waste poses a potential health risk to people in contact with it. Currently the Municipality has not deemed the waste safe for re-use but has suggested that after a one year standing period it should be free of all potential pathogens including Ascaris lumbricoiodes (human roundworm) ova. This study reports on the development of the AMBIC protocol for the recovery of Ascaris ova from the standing vaults of UD toilets. The protocol has been shown to consistently recover over 70% of Ascaris ova and has the added advantage of recovering the ova of other helminth species (Trichuris trichiura and Taenia sp.) present in a UD standing vault sample. Recoveries of Ascaris ova and ova of other parasite species, namely Trichuris and Taenia sp., are reported from waste which has been standing for one year. This is cause for concern as it shows one year is not a sufficient standing period to render the waste free of all microorganisms. Sampling from 124 UD toilet vaults that were in use, showed a high prevalence of both helminth (Ascaris lumbricoiodes, Trichuris trichiura and Taenia sp.) and protozoan (Giardia and Cryptosporidium) parasites. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2009.

Women cannot exist in public space without public toilets, yet it can be difficult to find any that feel clean and safe to go to. That is why I propose to build public toilets for women on Renmarkstorget in central Umeå. Public toilets are where gender issues are exemplified in a public space and are therefore very politically charged. If we want to build for gender equality, we need to be conscious of who we are building for, how the space reflects our social values, and have a clear vision. Equal floorspace is often assigned to men’s and women’s toilets. But women need more floor space in toilets, due to menstruation, bringing children, sitting down to pee etc. This leads to longer toilet queues for the ladies’ room, and consequently, women stay shorter periods of time in public or even avoid it. This especially affects girls, elderly women, disabled women, homeless women, mothers, and pregnant women. The solutions include changing building regulations, architects acting on the issue, and of course electing more women on the city council who can speak on this issue from experience. This proposal includes 7 freestanding structural toilet units, a lunchroom, a playground, bicycle parking, and a bus stop. Because what happens outside the toilet is most important. Those activities need to overlap with the needs of women and enable them to feel seen but not exposed or observed and allow them to have control of their environment. Equality is about voice and therefore architects need to be conscious of how physical, virtual, and social environments either encourage, discourage, include, or exclude those voices by design.