No description available.

Orientador: Rogério Falleiros Carvalho / Coorientador: Luiz Fabiano Palaretti / Banca: Renato de Mello Prado / Banca: Simone da Costa Mello / Resumo: As coberturas plásticas têm diferentes propriedades térmicas e de radiação, e podem afetar o rendimento e a qualidade do tomate. Neste estudo, compararam-se a influência das coberturas plásticas coloridas (vermelho, azul, e cinza/preto) e a densidade de plantio no crescimento do tomateiro, o rend imento e a qualidade dos frutos com o da cobertura preta convencional e o solo descoberto (controle) no desenvolvimento do tomateiro 'Micro-Tom'. Além disso, determinou-se a acumulação de pigmentos, a temperatura do solo e a água total aplicada. Os resultados indicaram que o peso seco e a área foliar das plantas cultivadas com cobertura azul, vermelha e cinza/preta foram significativamente maiores do que o tratamento controle em parcelas de alta densidade. Em comparação com o tratamento controle, o rendimento total, o peso do fruto e o peso total de frutos por planta foram consequentemente melhorados nas plantas crescidas com cobertura vermelha e cinza/preta em altas densidades. Contudo, o número de frutos não foi afetado. Além disso, o tamanho do fruto aumentou com cobertura vermelha em parcelas de baixa densidade. Por outro lado, as temperaturas do solo registradas sob a cobertura vermelha foram as mais adequadas para o tomateiro nessas condições climáticas. Em conclusão, os tratamentos com cobertura colorida afetaram positivamente o crescimento e o rendimento do tomateiro em parcelas de alta densidade, e a cobertura vermelha em particular poderia ser usada para melhorar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Plastic mulches have different thermal and radiation properties, and they can affect tomato fruit yield and quality. In this study, the influence of coloured plastic mulches (red, blue and gray on black) and planting density on tomato growth, fruit yield and quality was compared with that of conventional black mulch and uncovered soil (control) in developing 'Micro Tom' tomatoe s. In addition, the pigment accumulation, soil temperature and total applied water were determined. The results indicated that the dry weight and leaf area of plants grown over blue, red and gray/black mulches were significantly higher than the control tre atment in high - density plots. Compared to the control treatment, the total tomato yield, fruit weight and total fruit weight per plant were consequently improved in plants grown over red and gray/black mulches at high densities. However, the fruit number w as not affected. In addition, the fruit size increased over red plastic mulc h when planted at a low density . In addition, the soil temperatures registered under the red mulch were the most suitable for the tomatoes in these climatic conditions. In conclusi on, treatments employing coloured mulch positively affected the growth and yield of tomatoes in high - density plots, and red mulch in particular could be used to improve the yield and fruit size of Micro - Tom tomatoes because of the optimization of the therm al and light environment. / Mestre

Orientador: Rumy Goto / Banca: Omulo Fujito Kobori / Banca: Roberto Botelho Ferraz Branco / Resumo: Realizou-se dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro com objetivo em avaliar o melhor estádio para se realizar a aplicação foliar da mistura de auxina (Ax), citocinina (CK) e giberelina (GA), em tomate determinado (Solanum lycopersicum L.), utilizando-se a dose de 0,20% do produto. O segundo experimento com objetivo em avaliar o efeito da "poda belga" e a influência da mistura de auxina (Ax), citocinina (CK) e giberelina (GA) no desenvolvimento e metabolismos das plantas. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, em São Manuel. Foi utilizado delineamento de blocos ao acaso sendo 16 tratamentos, quatro repetições: T1: Testemunha; T2: Antes do transplante; T3: Antes do transplante + Enraizamento; T4: Antes do transplante + Enraizamento + Desbrota; T5: Antes do transplante + Enraizamento + Desbrota + Início do Florescimento; T6: Antes do transplante + Enraizamento + Desbrota + Início do Florescimento+ Frutificação; T7: Enraizamento; T8: Enraizamento + Desbrota; T9: Enraizamento + Desbrota + Ínicio do Florescimento; T10: Enraizamento + Desbrota + Início do Florescimento+ Frutificação; T11: Desbrota (mesmo dia); T12: Desbrota ... / Abstract: Two experiments were conducted, the first with the aim to evaluate the best stage for performing foliar application of the mixture of auxin (Ax), cytokinins (CK) and gibberellins (GA), in particular tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), using a dose of 0,20% of the product. The second experiment in order to evaluate the effect of "Belgian pruning" and the influence of mixing auxin (Ax), cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA) in the development and metabolism of plants. The first experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, in São Manuel. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 16 treatments, four replications: T1:Control; T2: Before Transplant; T3: Before Transplant + Rooting; T4: Before Transplant + Rooting + Sprouting; T5: Before Transplant + Rooting + Sprouting + Starts Flowering; T6: Before Transplant + Rooting + Sprouting + Starts Flowering+ Starts Fruiting; T7: Rooting; T8: Rooting + Sprouting; T9: Rooting + Sprouting + Ínicio do Florescimento; T10: Rooting + Sprouting + Starts Flowering+ Starts Fruiting; T11: Sprouting (mesmo dia); T12: Sprouting + Starts Flowering; T13: Sprouting + Starts Flowering+ Starts Fruiting; T14: Starts Flowering; T15: Starts Flowering+ Starts Fruiting; T16: Starts Fruiting. The second experiment was conducted ... / Mestre

Orientador: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral Silva / Coorientador: Júlio Maia de Oliveira / Banca: João Nakagawa / Banca: Dai Tokuhisa / Resumo: O Priming é uma tecnologia utilizada para aprimorar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes. Todavia, a técnica reduz a longevidade das sementes. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de Epibrassinolídeo (EpiBL), ácido abscísico (ABA) e choque térmico (CT) associado ao priming para estender a longevidade das sementes de tomateiro e estudar o transcriptoma do tratamento que prolongar a longevidade das sementes condicionadas. As sementes dois acessos de S. lycopersicum foram condicionadas em solução de PEG -1,0 MPa (tratamento tradicional) pelo período de 60 horas (h) a 20 °C. Alternativamente, foram associados os tratamentos com 0,1 µM de EpiBL, 1 µM de ABA e após o priming as sementes foram secas pelo período de 24 h a 20 °C e ±60% de umidade relativa (UR). O choque térmico foi aplicado após o condicionamento submetendo-se as sementes a ambiente de 32% UR/38 °C pelo período de 2 h e posteriormente ao ambiente de 20 °C e ±60% UR. Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica da sementes pela germinação, velocidade de germinação (T50), uniformidade (T16-84) e a longevidade a 75% UR/35 °C. O priming aprimorou a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de S. lycopersicum com benefício adicional a velocidade de germinação empregando-se EpiBL e choque térmico. O choque térmico após o priming é capaz de ampliar a longevidade das sementes condicionadas e a análise de transcriptoma revelou abundancia e expressão de transcritos sHSP e HSPs, associadas a longevidade de sementes. / Abstract: Seed priming is a technology used to improve the physiological quality of seeds. However, the technique reduces seed longevity. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the application of Epibrassinolide (EpiBL), abscisic acid (ABA) and heat shock (CT) associated with priming to extend the longevity of tomato seeds and the associated transcriptome application of treatment to prolong longevity of conditioned seeds. The seeds two accessions of S. lycopersicum were conditioned in PEG solution -1.0 MPa (traditional treatment) for the period of 60 hours (h) at 20 °C. Alternatively, the treatments were associated with 0.1 μM EpiBL, 1 μM ABA and after priming the seeds were dried for up to 24 h at 20 °C and ±60% relative humidity (RH). The heat shock was applied after the conditioning by exhibition the seeds to 32% RH/38 °C for 2 h and then to the environment of 20 °C and ±60% RH. Physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination, germination speed (T50), uniformity (T16-84) and longevity at 75% RH/35 °C. Priming improved the physiological quality of S. lycopersicum seeds with additional benefit to germination speed using EpiBL and heat shock. Heat shock after priming is able to extend the longevity of conditioned seeds and transcriptome analysis revealed abundance and expression of sHSP and HSPs transcripts, associated with seed longevity / Mestre

Orientador: Elizabeth Orika Ono / Banca: Vladimir Eliodoro Costa / Banca: Rumy Goto / Banca: Romulo Fujito Kobori / Banca: Roberto Botelho Ferraz Branco / Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a partição de fotoassimilados em tomateiro de crescimento indeterminado, utilizando isótopo estável do 13C como marcador na relação fonte-dreno nos diferentes órgãos, bem como, saber em que órgão se encontraria o 13C, visando encontrar o ramo com maior participação no fornecimento de fotoassimilados para os drenos, ou seja, para o crescimento dos frutos de tomateiro. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na estação experimental da Sakata Seed Sudamérica localizada no município de Bragança Paulista (SP). O experimento I foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial com 2 fatores: avaliação do tempo de chegada do 13C a partir do 13CO2 no racemo (6; 12; 18 e 24 horas) e duas folhas de aplicação do 13CO2, em relação ao racemo (folha acima ou abaixo do racemo) com quatro repetições. O experimento II foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, e após verificar o tempo de chegada do 13C no racemo (18 horas), as folhas enriquecidas com 13C referentes ao racemo foram analisadas em diferentes estádios fenológicos: fase vegetativa; fase de inflorescência; fase de início da frutificação e racemo com frutos no ponto de colheita, observando a mudança de 50-60% da coloração do fruto. Os tratamentos de aplicação do 13CO2 marcado nesse experimento foi realizada em diferentes posições das folhas em relação ao racemo e nas fases fenológicas: folha entre dois racemos do mesmo lado do racemo; folha ab... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the partition of photoassimilates in an indeterminate growth tomato using the 13C stable isotope as a source-drain marker in the different organs, as well as to know in which organ the 13C would be found, in order to find the branch with the largest participation in the supply of photoassimilates to the drains, that is, for the growth of tomato fruits. The experiments were conducted at the Sakata Seed Sudamérica experimental station located in the city of Bragança Paulista (SP). The experiment I was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme with 2 factors: evaluation of the arrival time of 13C from 13CO2 in racemic (6; 12, 18 and 24 hours) and two application leafs of 13CO2, in relation to racemus (leaf above or below the racemus) with four replicates. Experiment II was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates, and after checking the time of arrival of the 13C in the racemic (18 hours), the leaves enriched with 13C racemes were analyzed in different phenological stages: vegetative phase; inflorescence phase; phase of beginning of fruiting and racemes with fruits at harvest point, observing the change of 50-60% in the color of the fruit. The application treatments of 13CO2 marked in this experiment were carried out in different positions of the leaves in relation to the racemic and in the phenological phases: leaf between two racemes of the same side of the racemic; leaf below and opposite the racemus and leaf above and opposite the racemus. In the vegetative phase, as there was no racemic formed, the CO2 assimilation rate of the three leaves present was measured and the application of 13CO2 on the photosynthetically active leaf, which was the second leaf, was measured. From the results it was verified that in the photoassimilates, the leaf below and opposite to the racemic showed a greater presence of 13C ... / Doutor

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / The purpose of the study was to assess nitrogen variability in tomato using the Remote Sensing Technique. The assessment was carried out through three growth stages (seedling, 50% flowering, and 50% fruiting stage). The GreenSeeker optical sensor unit that records NDVI values and total leafy nitrogen analyzer, “The Primacssn Nitrogen Analyzer,” was used in this study for data collection. Fertilizers were applied to the soil (Urea - 46% N, Superphosphate) every two weeks in the pots only for the treated experiment, and no nitrogen application for the untreated experiment. Tomato cultivars Flora Dade and Roma VF were used during the experimentation. The mean NDVI values for cultivars Flora Dade and Roma VF were 0.83 with N application. This value was 0.81 without N-application. The mean N-content for cultivars Flora Dade and Roma VF were 3.30 g/plant with N application. This value was 2.94 g/plant without N-application. The cultivar Flora Dade with N applied had higher N-content (3.38 g/plant) than the cultivar Roma VF with 3.22 g/plant when no N is applied across the three growth stages. The number of fruits’ means values at 50% fruiting stage for cultivars Flora Dade and Roma VF were 8.9 fruit per plant with N application. These mean values were 5 fruit per plant without N application. It was also evident that plants likely to have lower N content (untreated) had delayed maturation unlike those with nitrogen applied (treated), which had rapid/early maturation. Untreated plants took an average of 120 days till maturity, whereas the treated plants took an average of 100 days till maturity. Ground measurement of NDVI by the GreenSeeker sensor in this study showed potential for assessing nitrogen variability in tomato. / National Research Foundation

The purpose of this study has been to determine which species of thrips infest tomato plants and fruits in northern Utah, and to find out which other plants occurring in this area also serve as hosts for tomato-infesting thrips. Because of the importance of tomato-infesting thrips to the canning industry, it was decided that more complete knowledge of the species of thrips which are found on tomatoes should be obtained. Because most thrips generally have been difficult to control, it was believed that a general knowledge of the plants on which these thrips occur would enable tomato growers to eliminate many such plants from tomato fields and lands adjacent to them, and that such cultivation would tend to decrease thrips populations on tomato fruits and in tomato fields.

Includes bibliographical references

Bibliography: leaves 151-187. / xvii, 187 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, 1993

Bibliography: leaves 151-187.