An evolution in methods of identifying the causal mutations and candidate genes for Mendelian disorders has occurred recently. Though several studies have reported the causative mutations in non syndromic tooth agenesis, there are only two reports on autosomal recessive nonsyndromic tooth agenesis in consanguineous families. Since the consanguinity rate is high in tribal population of Saudi and Pakistan, this study identified consanguineous families in these populations to investigate the molecular basis of tooth agenesis. This study aimed to study the phenotype of familial tooth agenesis in Saudi and Pakistani families of consanguineous marriage, and to identify the causative mutations. A further aim was to investigate the influence of the agenesis gene on tooth size in one large Saudi family. Sixteen families with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, were clinically characterised for the pattern of inheritance, tooth agenesis severity and type of teeth affected. Genetic analysis including homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing was performed in eight families. Hand measurements of Saudi family tooth dimensions were made on dental study models. The most affected tooth type in studied families were the lower second premolar and upper lateral incisors. The homozygosity mapping approach failed to identify the regions of the diseased mutations in these families. The exome sequencing data revealed a heterozygous novel frameshift mutation in exon 2 of the MSX1 gene, c.750_751insACCGGCTGCC (p.A250fs) in one Saudi family and a homozygous novel mutation in exon 8 of the SMOC2 gene, c.681T>A (p.C227X), in the Pakistani family. It was found that there was a significant (p <.0.05) trend of reduction in the crown sizes both in the tooth agenesis group and their family members with no tooth agenesis compared to the control group. It is concluded that homozygosity mapping was not sensitive to identify the elusive tooth agenesis gene and whole exome sequencing technique is needed in future studies. The tooth measurement study indicates and confirms that crown size is closely related to tooth agensis.

Dentine caries has a microbiological aetiology whilst the diagnosis relies on clinical signs. This study examined relationships between the Locations, Colours, Textures, Sizes, Perceived Treatment Needs, Cavitations and microbiological characteristics of Primary Root Caries. The relationships between some microflora of Primary Root Caries deemed to require restoration and the overlying plaque as well as the effects of a Chemotherapeutic agent on some microflora of lesions were also studied. In all, 610 lesions in 303 patients were investigated. 447 lesions in 169 patients were examined in the main study. The Locations of lesions were related to the gingival margins; Colours were designated: Black, Yellow, Light Brown or Dark Brown; Textures were recorded as Hard, Leathery or Soft, Sizes as products of Heights and Widths, and Cavitations as the greatest loss of surface contour. The total numbers of colony forming units ; Gram-positive pleomorphic rods; Mutans streptococci; Lactobacilli; and Yeasts expressed as Log1p as well as the proportions and Frequency of isolation, in each dentine biopsy were determined, eg - 90.9 percent of Soft but only 3.3 percent of Hard lesions were <1 mm from gingivae (P < 0.001); - 68.6 percent of Soft but only 6.7 percent of Hard lesions were sized >7 mm2 (P < 0.01); - more cavitated lesions were larger (P < 0.01); - higher total numbers, proportions and frequencies of isolation of Mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli were in Soft and Leathery than in*Hard lesions (P < 0.01); - the mean total numbers of colony forming units, Mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli and Gram-positive pleomorphic rods were less in each group of lesions with a reduced Perceived Treatment Need (P < 0.01); - lesions deemed to require restoration most frequently contained Yeasts (P < 0.01); - the most reliable indicators of microbiological activity were Texture and Location rather than Colour; From 81 Primary Root Caries lesions deemed to require restoration in 52 patients, not amongst the 169 in the larger study, higher proportions of Gram-positive pleomorphic rods (P < 0.001) and Lactobacilli (P < 0.01) were in carious dentine than in the associated plaque, indicating that precision in sampling is paramount. 42 of 82 lesions deemed to require restoration in another 82 patients, were coated with a varnish containing 1 weight (wt) percent chlorhexidine and 1 wt percent thymol and after 24 hours these and the lesions not varnished were biopsied. The varnish significantly reduced the numbers of micro-organisms (total colony forming units, P<0.001; Mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli and Yeasts, P<0.01). These studies will help clinicians and epidemiologists to diagnose the levels of activity in Primary Root Caries and to indicate how Chemotherapy rather than the removal of carious dentine might be developed as a preferred strategy for its management.

The prevalence of pulpal involvement in young permanent teeth ranges between 0.3-36%. The outcome of Endodontic Therapy (ET) has not been widely studied in children and adolescents. Published studies that evaluated Endodontically Treated Teeth (ETT) in children and adolescents had results that varied tremendously. This variation could be due to the wide age range spanning from 6-18 years. Evaluating the predictors of survival, failure, and tooth retention between smaller subgroups within this age range may be relevant. AIM: To identify and assess variables associated with the outcome of ETT in 6-18 year old subjects stratified by age and to compare the results to the general population. METHODS: Retrospective chart review along with clinical follow up of subjects that received ET at BUGSDM between 2007-2015 at age 6-18 years. RESULTS: ET of the young permanent tooth resulted in 85% tooth survival and 91% retention. Patient age and tooth type were significantly related to survival and retention of ETT. CONCLUSIONS: Survival and retention of ETT observed among children and adolescents were similar to observations in adults. ET is more likely to survive when it is performed at an older age (15-18 years), or on an anterior tooth. This suggests that the longer ET is prevented through proper oral hygiene measures and preventive dental care, the better the likelihood of survival and retention of ETT in young patients.

Orientador: Osmar Aparecido Cuoghi / Coorientadora: Roberta Okamoto / Banca: Maria Gisette Arias Provenzano / Banca: Adilson Luiz Ramos / Banca: Edilson Ervolino / Banca: Marcos Rogério de Mendonça / Resumo: Introdução: A aplicação de diferentes tipos de força pode provocar comportamentos distintos no osso alveolar. Proposição: avaliar se o lado contra-lateral (CL) a movimentação dentária induzida pode ser usado como grupo controle e a variação da quantidade de tecido ósseo frente a aplicação dos diferentes tipos de força em molares murinos. Métodos: Utilizou-se 60 ratos machos (Wistar-Rattus norvergicus), com aproximadamente 90 dias de idade e peso de 300g, divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com o tipo de força; Grupos controle (C), força contínua (FC), força contínua interrompida (FCI) e força intermitente (FI). As forças foram aplicadas nos períodos de 5, 7 e 9 dias (n=6) e analisou-se a quantidade de tecido ósseo alveolar. Os dados foram tabulados e realizou-se o teste estatístico com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: houve diferença estatisticamente significante nos percentuais de colágeno entre os grupos C (80% ±0,01) e FC (62,2% ±0,15) e que o grupo CL foi estatisticamente igual aos demais grupos. A imunomarcação de OPG, o grupo C e o CL se comportaram de forma semelhante. A RANKL, na face mesial do grupo CL se comportou de forma semelhante ao FC e sua face distal diferiu dos demais grupos. A face distal do grupo C obteve score semelhante a face distal do grupo FC. A análise do tecido ósseo inter-grupos mostrou que aos 5 dias de MDI houve diminuição significante dos percentuais de osso dos grupos FC (62% ±0,14), FCI (55% ±0,07) e FI (54% ±0,05) em relação ao grupo C (80% ± 0,01) (p<0,05). Aos 7 dias de movimentação, essa diminuição ainda era significante nos grupos FC (64% ± 0,1) e o FI (38% ± 0,1) quando comparados ao grupo C (80% ± 0,01) e também houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o FC (64% ± 0,1) e FI (38% ± 0,1) (p<0,05). Aos 9 dias de movimentação, essa diminuição foi significante... / Abstract: Introduction: There are few researches about the behavior of the alveolar bone in relationship of three different types of forces. Objective: To evaluate if the bone on the contralateral side to orthodontic tooth movement can be used as the control group (CL) and the amount of bone tissue during the application of different types of force in rats molars. Methods: 60 male rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar), with approximately 90 days of age and weight of 300g, divided into 4 groups according to the type of force: control group (C), continuous force (CF), intermittent continuous force (ICF) and interrupted force (IF); The groups were distributed in periods of 5, 7 and 9 days (n = 6). Were analyzed the amount of bone tissue of right upper first molar. The evaluation were conducted with Anova and Tukey's tests a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results: The collagen analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the C group (80 ± 0.01%) and CF (62.2 ± 0.15%), whereas no significant differences were found between the CL group and the other groups. Immunolabeling for OPG was similar in the C and CL groups. RANKL on the mesial face was similar in the CL and CF group. However, significant differences were found between the CL group and the other groups on the distal face, whereas no significant difference on the distal face was found between the C and CF group. The intergroup bone tissue analysis showed that the five days of induced tooth movement (ITM) was no significant decrease in bone percentage of CF groups (62% ± 0.14), ICF (55% ± 0.07) and IF (54% ± 0, 05) in the C group (0.01 ± 80%) (p <0.05). At 7 days of ITM, this reduction was still significant in the CF group (64% ± 0.1) and IF (38% ± 0.1) compared to C group (80% ± 0.01) and there was also difference statistically significant between CF (64 ± 0.1%) and IF (38% ± 0.1)... / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moro_ma_dr_araca.pdf: 3174992 bytes, checksum: e66ab0779c0d8d9f38619779521c7bdc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Reimplantes experimentais de incisivos centrais e intermédios ou laterais, foram efetuados em cães, após 45 minutos da extração e contidos com fios de aço e resina fotopolimerizável. Sete dias após, realizou-se as intervenções endodônticas através da obturação dos canais radiculares com os cimentos Sealapex ou Endofill ou com a aplicação das medicações intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio ou hidróxido de cálcio associado à calcitonina. Como controle, alguns canais, após pulpectomia e preparo biomecânico, permaneceram vazios durante todo o período experimental. Decorridos mais 14 dias, os curativos foram trocados e as contenções removidas. Finalmente, após mais 40 dias, as medicações intracanais foram novamente trocadas e os resultados avaliados histologicamente, quatro meses após o início do tratamento. A análise estatística dos escores atribuídos aos diversos eventos histomorfológicos considerados demonstrou que os grupos de dentes reimplantados e tratados com o hidróxido de cálcio, hidróxido de cálcio associado à calcitonina ou com o cimento Sealapex proporcionaram resultados semelhantes entre si e superiores ao grupos Endofill e controle, os quais tiveram comportamentos semelhantes. / Experimental reimplants of central and intermediate incisors were made in dogs, 45 minutes after the extraction and contained with steel strings and photo-polymerable resin. Seven days after, it had been made the root canal with the endodontic interventions through the filling of the root canal with the cements Sealapex or Endofill or with the application of the intracanal medications calcium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide associated to calcitonin. As control, some canals, after pulpectomy and biomechanical prepare, remained empty through the whole experimented period. Fourteen more days passed, the contention were changed and the restrictions removed. Finally, after 40 more days, the intra-canal medications were changed again and the results evaluated histologically, four months after beginning of the treatment. The statistical analysis of the scores attributed to the several considered histomorphological events demonstrated that the teeth groups replanted and treated with calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide associated to calcitonin or the cement Sealapex had similar results and superior to those treated with Endofill and control, which results had similar behavior.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o aspecto qualitativo e quantitativo da distribuição das tensões provenientes de molas helicoidais utilizadas na verticalização de molares pelo método da fotoelasticidade de transmissão plana. Foram confeccionados seis modelos fotoelásticos simulando um quadrante inferior direito com canino, primeiro e segundo pré-molares, bem como com o segundo molar inclinado para mesial. As molas foram confeccionadas em fios retangulares .019 x .025" em aço inoxidável com comprimentos de 20mm (AI 20), 25mm (AI 25) e em TMA com 20mm (TMA 20) e 25mm (TMA 25), ativadas com força de 100cN. A análise fotoelástica demonstrou maior concentração de franjas de tensões adjacentes ao molar do que na unidade de ancoragem. A região cervical mesial do molar apresentou os maiores níveis de tensões. A região da bifurcação radicular apresentou os menores níveis de tensões. A mola AI 25 apresentou os maiores índices de tensões nas regiões cervicais mesial e distal bem como nas apicais mesial distal da raiz. A mola TMA 20 apresentou os menores índices de tensões, exceto na região intermediária da raiz. / Abstract: This paper is gived purpose to analyze the quantitative and qualitative aspect of the stress distribution resulting for the helicoidal springs used in the uprighting of the molars through the photoelasticity method of transmission. Six models of photoelastic resin was made simulating a right lower hemiarc with canine, first and second premolar and second molar for mesial inclined. The springs was made with rectangular wire .019 x .025" in stainless steel with length of 20mm (AI 20), 25mm (AI 25) and in TMA with 20mm (TMA 20) and 25mm (TMA 25), active with 100cN of force. The photoelastic analyses showed highest concentration of stress fringes adjacent in the molar as compared with the anchorage unity. In the cervical mesial region occurred of higher levels of the tensions. In the radicular bifurcation regions showed the lowest levels of the tensions. Spring AI 25 showed the highest rates of tensions in the regions cervical mesial and distal as well as in the apical mesial and distal of the root. Springs TMA 20 showed the lowest rates of tension, except in the intermediate region of the root. / Orientador: Osmar Aparecido Cuoghi / Coorientador: Cleudmar Amaral Araújo / Banca: Marcos Rogério de Mendonça / Banca: Guilherme de Araújo Almeida / Mestre

O presente estudo conduzido na FZEA/USP, teve por finalidade avaliar os efeitos do flúor provenientes do fosfato de rocha e do fluoreto de sódio na fluorose dental de ovinos. Foram utilizados 21 carneiros Santa Inês, os quais foram submetidos a três tratamentos com duração de 140 dias. Os tratamentos foram: Tratamento B: Dieta Controle (fosfato bicálcico) com 13,2 mg de flúor/Kg M.S.; Tratamento F: Dieta suplementada com 98,5 mg de flúor proveniente do fluoreto de Sódio; Tratamento R: Dieta suplementada com 94,5 mg de flúor proveniente do fosfato de rocha. No inicio e a cada 28 dias os carneiros eram pesados e colhidas amostras de sangue para dosagem sérica de flúor e no final do experimento, os animais foram abatidos para colheita de amostras de costela e dentes, para determinação dos teores de F. e análise histológica. Os animais suplementados com fosfato de rocha apresentaram níveis séricos de F superiores ao grupo controle, mas inferiores aos suplementados com flúor de fluoreto de sódio (p<=0,05). Ao final do experimento (40 dias), houve uma tendência (p<=0,08) dos animais da dieta controle ganharem mais peso que os suplementados com flúor do fluoreto de sódio. A suplementação da dieta durante 140 dias com 98,5mg de flúor proveniente do fluoreto de sódio ou com 94,5 mg de F proveniente do fosfato de rocha foi suficiente para aumentar significativamente o teor de F nos ossos. Não foi verificada alteração histológica nos molares de ovinos erupcionados aos 10 meses. / The present study was conducted at FZEA/USP and had the purpose to evaluate the effects of fluorine in rock phosphate and sodium flouride in sheep. Twenty one Santa Inês rams were submitted to three treatments during 140 days. The treatments were: Treatment B: Control diet dicalcium phosphate with 13,2 mg of fluorine/kgDM; Treatment F: Supplemented diet with 98,5 mg of fluorine from sodium fluorine ; Treatment R: Supplemented Diet with 94,5 mg of fluorine from rock phosphate. In the beginning and each 28 days the animals were weighted and blood samples were collected for analyses of fluorine serum concentration. By the end of the experiment, the animals were slaughtered to collect samples of ribs and teeth to determine the fluorine content and for histologic. The supplemented animals with rock phosphate presented higher fluorine serum levels than the control group, but lower than the supplemented ones with fluorine from sodium fluoride (p<=0,05). In the end of the experiment (140 days) there was a tendency (p<=0,08) of the animals control diet to put on more weight than the supplemented with fluorine from sodium fluoride. The supplementation of the diet during 140 days with 98,5 mg of fluorine from sodium fluoride or with 94,5 mg of fluorine from rock phosphate it was enough for a significative increasing in the fluorine concentration in the bones. No histological alteration was detected in the ovine molars broken out while they were 10 months.

MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR CROWN-ROOT RELATIONSHIPS IN CLASS I NORMAL OCCLUSIONS AND CLASS III OPEN AND DEEP MALOCCLUSIONS By Jessica Fuller M.S. Thesis Research Project Introduction: The purposes of this thesis were several: (1) to examine a new crown-to-root angle based on anatomic points, the labial crown-root angle (LCRA), that was proposed in a recent University of Iowa thesis by Bauer, T.J. (2014) and correlate it with the collum angle (CA) values for Class I normal occlusions and Class III malocclusions; (2) to establish mean values for CA and LCRA for Class I normal occlusions and Class III open and deep bite malocclusions and statistically compare the groups; (3) to compare the significance of the correlation between overbite measures and CA and LCRA in the Class III sample. Only one study addressed the increased CA in Class III malocclusions however, the study did not include a normal occlusion control sample. Methods: 46 Class I normal samples, 20 Class III open bite samples and 22 Class III deep bite samples who met the inclusion criteria were measured cephalometrically. Relevant landmarks were placed, analyzed for reliability, and recorded for the measurements of interest. Results: A strong increasing correlation was found between CA and LCRA for all samples (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.82, p < .0001). The mean CA for the Class III deep bite group (9.32±4.46) was significantly different from the Class I normal core (3.38±1.70), Class I expanded (3.60±1.94) and Class III open bite (5.24±3.99) groups (ANOVA). The mean LCRA for the Class III deep bite group (39.67±5.64) was also significantly different from Class I normal core (31.97±4.25), Class I expanded (33.53±5.65) and Class III open bite (35.55±5.65) groups (ANOVA). There was no significant correlation between CA and overbite within Class III open (p=0.8029) and Class III deep bite groups (p=0.2089) or LCRA and overbite within Class III open (p=0.7529) and Class III deep bite groups (p=0.1864). Conclusions: LCRA and CA were highly correlated in Class III patients. Patients with Class III deep bites had statistically higher means for CA and LCRA than patients with Class I normal occlusions and Class III open bite malocclusions. There was no significant correlation between the measures for overbite and either CA or LCRA values in Class III patients.

The estimation of age at time of death is often an important step in the identification of human remains. If this age can be accurately estimated, it will significantly narrow the field of possible identities that will have to be compared to the remains in order to establish a positive identification. Some of the more accurate methods of age estimation, in the juvenile and younger adult, have been based on the assessment of the degree of dental development as it relates to chronological age. The purpose of this current study was to test the applicability of one such system, the Demirjian system, to a Sydney sample population, and to develop and test age prediction models using a large sample of Sydney children (1624 girls, 1637 boys). The use of the Demirjian standards resulted in consistent overestimates of chronological age in children under the age of 14 years by as much as a mean of 0.97 years, and underestimates of chronological age in children over 14 years by as much as a mean of 2.18 years in 16 year-old females. Of the alternative predictive models derived from the Sydney sample, those that provided the most accurate age estimates are applicable for the age ranges 2-14 years, with a coefficient of determination value of R-square=0.94 and a 95% confidence interval of �1.8 years. The Sydney based standards provided significantly different and more accurate estimates of age for that sample when compared to the published standards of Demirjian.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2000. / Printout. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-75). Also available on the World Wide Web; PDF reader required.