We review the characterization of communicating finite-state machines whose behaviors have universally or existentially bounded channels. These results rely on the theory of Mazurkiewicz traces. We investigate the question whether channel bound conditions are decidable for a given communicating finite-state machine.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La gestion et la valorisation des sédiments de dragage et de curage non-immergeables constituent des enjeux scientifiques et industriels majeurs auxquels la chaire industrielle de recherche " Économie Circulaire des Sédiments : EcoSed ", lancée en 2014 par l’IMT Lille Douai, vise à répondre à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire. Les travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat s’inscrivent dans un contexte de recherche partenariale associant des producteurs de sédiments et des industriels. Ces travaux visent plus particulièrement (i) la mise en place d’une méthodologie de caractérisation de l’écotoxicité intrinsèque des sédiments dans la perspective de leur intégration dans les filières de valorisation ; (ii) l’application de la méthodologie multi-échelle de la démarche nationale "SEDIMATERIAUX" pour la démonstration de l’innocuité environnementale d’un sédiment marin utilisé dans un scénario de valorisation en voirie légère ; et (iii) la comparaison de la méthodologie nationale sur l’acceptabilité environnementale des matériaux alternatifs en technique routière avec celle proposée dans le cadre réglementaire européen sur les produits de construction. Ces travaux ont permis de proposer un protocole de préparation des matrices sédimentaires et une batterie de bioessais sensibles.L’évaluation environnementale des sédiments marins utilisés dans les différents scénarios de valorisation en génie civil (bétons pour voiries légères, assises routières, bétons compactés routiers) a permis de valider l’innocuité de ces matériaux et de mettre en évidence la bonne stabilisation des éléments traces métalliques et métalloïdes au sein de leur microstructure. / The management and beneficial reuse of non-immersible dredged sediments are major scientific and industrial issues. The industrial research chair " Circular Economy of Sediments: EcoSed ", launched in 2014 by IMT Lille Douai, aims at answering these issues through a multidisciplinary approach. As part of this Doctoral Thesis, investigations were carried out under a partnership research context by combining sediment managers and industrial partners. More specifically, this work aims at (i) to set up a methodological approach to measuring the intrinsic eco-toxicity of sediments prior to their beneficial reuse; (ii) to implement the multi-scale national approach “SEDIMATERIAUX” to check the environmental safety of marine dredged sediment used as aggregates in road concretes; (iii) to compare the national approach on the reuse of alternative materials in road engineering with the European framework developed for environmental assessment of construction products. The results of this work allowed to propose a preparation protocol for the sediment matrix and a sensitive battery of bioassays. Environmental assessment of marine sediments reuse in the field of civil engineering (road concrete, roadbed, roller compacted concrete) allowed validating the environmental safety of these materials and to highlight the achievement of the good trace elements stabilization through their microstructure.

We give examples of two non nuclear non normal Hilbert-Schmidt operators that are not unitarily equivalent but have the same traces and kernel.

Le présent projet propose de mettre au point des marqueurs biologiques de génotoxicité environnementale permettant une approche intégrée de la complexité des contaminations. Les préoccupations relatives aux pollutions des sols et des sédiments sont récentes. La contamination métallique des sols par exemple, due aux activités anthropiques est cependant préoccupante. Ce, en termes de risques pour la santé humaine et environnementale, du fait de la persistance, de l’accumulation, et du transfert possible de ces métaux vers les nappes souterraines et vers les chaînes trophiques. Le projet de recherche porte sur la validation au laboratoire de marqueurs de génotoxicité, mis en œuvre sur plusieurs espèces représentatives en écotoxicologie terrestre, Eisenia fetida et Trifolium repens. Des travaux préliminaires, dans le cadre d’un programme « Ecotoxicité des sols contaminés par les éléments traces métalliques » soutenu par l’ANR et les FEDER, ont permis de mettre en évidence la pertinence du test des comètes avec Trifolium vis-à-vis des sols contaminées en éléments traces métalliques ou à des hydrocarbures en mélanges (lixiviats de déchet industriels). Le test des comètes (Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay) permet la détection et la quantification des dommages à l’ADN (cassures double et simple brin, sites alcali-labiles) au sein d’une population cellulaire, induits par certains agents environnementaux. Il permet d’évaluer l’atteinte au génome d’organismes modèles exposés. Cette atteinte de l’ADN est une composante essentielle à estimer car elle contribue à l’origine des phénomènes de cancérogenèse. / This project proposes to develop biomarkers of environmental genotoxicity for an integrated approach to the complexity of the contamination. Concerns about pollution of soils and sediments are recent. Metal contamination of soils, for example, due to human activities, however, is worrying. This, in terms of risks to human health and environmental, because of the persistence, accumulation, and the possible transfer of these metals into groundwater and into food chains. The research project presented consists in the validation of laboratory markers of genotoxicity, implemented on several representative species in terrestrial ecotoxicology, Eisenia fetida and Trifolium repens. Preliminary work, as part of a program "Ecotoxicity of soils contaminated with trace elements" supported by the ANR and the ERDF, helped to highlight the relevance of the comet assay with Trifolium vis-à-vis Soil contaminated by trace metals or mixtures of hydrocarbons (industrial waste leachate). The comet assay (Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay) allows detection and quantification of DNA damage (DNA double and single-stranded, alkali-labile sites) in a cell population, induced by certain environmental agents. It assesses the impairment of the genome of model organisms exposed. This DNA damage is an essential component to estimate because it contributes to the origin of the phenomena of carcinogenesis.

Predation is considered a powerful ecological force influencing community structure, diversity, and abundance. Paleoecology offers a unique perspective, allowing us to examine ecological processes such as predation over evolutionary timescales. The three studies summarized below include two case studies testing the role of predation in evolution and one method-oriented project, which explores new tools with which to examine predator-prey interactions in the fossil record. Considering the importance of community interactions in the current global biodiversity crisis, understanding ecological and evolutionary dimensions of predation is critical to conservation biology and ecology, as predators are thought to play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health and biodiversity. Predation has been dismissed as a causal mechanism for some major prey groups. For example, the evolutionary decline and cryptic or antitropical distribution of brachiopods is often explained as due to the potentially low energetic value and suspected non-palatability or toxicity of brachiopod tissues. Here we demonstrate that multiple invertebrate marine predators (crustaceans, echinoderms, and gastropods) are willing and able to consume brachiopods, and that predation pressure on the living brachiopod population may be consequential. Examination of the fossil record is consistent with this interpretation: evidence for drilling and repair of brachiopod shells is found throughout the fossil record in multiple orders. This suggests that although brachiopods may be unwanted prey in the presence of energetically more desirable targets, they do appear to be edible and are subject to intense predator-prey interactions. Limpets are important prey for some crab species, yet little is known about the role of durophagy in the evolution of the limpet shell. Feeding trials using three common species of Pacific Northwest limpets (Lottia digitalis, L. pelta and Tectura scutum) were conducted to assess how different shell morphologies affect mortality and handling time. We predicted that large size, shell ornament, and low-spires would result in either increased survivorship, and/or longer handling times. Contrary to our expectation that ridges resist predation, individuals with smooth morphologies experienced significantly lower mortality, as did those with low-spires. As species possessing high-spires and ridges typically occur high in the intertidal where predation risk due to crabs is relatively low, these morphologies are likely adaptions to physical factors such as thermal stress. One of the major caveats of using gastropod drill holes to assess predator-prey interactions in both the modern and the ancient is the correct identification of drill holes of predatory origin. By examining known predatory drill holes using environmental scanning electron microscopy, we aim to refine the development of a novel technique for augmenting their identification, and to explore the relationship between predator body size, predatory radula dentition, and radular microrasping marks observed on the shells of prey organisms. Electron micrographs were used to measure the spacing of microrasping marks produced by the radula, and the intercusp spacing of the radula dentition. A relationship between predator body size and microrasping marks makes it possible to infer predator size from these microtraces in both modern and fossil specimens, augmenting our ability to examine predator-prey interactions throughout the history of this important ecological interaction. Proxies for predation intensity such as predation traces or antipredatory morphologies provide an invaluable method to examine predation in both modern communities, and the fossil record. Our understanding of the importance of predation in regulating biodiversity and in evolution will continue to grow with the development of new methodologies, and a comprehensive understanding of predatory defenses. / Ph. D.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.