The aim of this work is to map, capture and enlighten the contemporary phenomenon of travel and travelogue, and introduce it as a still alive and evolving literary genre. This is illustrated by the analysis of contemporary Czech periodicals, blogs, websites and several literary works of this nature. The work, based on this analysis, creates their genre typology. The results show that there is a retreat of lyrical and poetic type, while the current is a form of narrative and novelistic travelogue, in which a subjective description and personal tone predominates and the position of the author - narrator is strengthened. Contemporary literary production of travelogue genre is very broad and findings of this work describe the current status and trends, which tend to mix and combine genres, incorporating travelogue into fiction and enriching it with new elements through differentiation of ideas and interests of travelers. The educative extent of travelogue in contemporary works is often taken aback, or is thanks to fictionalization appropriately incorporated into the text.

This study analyzes the travel conventions manifest in the engravings of the thirty-volume Description de l’Egypte produced as a result of the Napoleonic campaign to Egypt in 1798 and published between 1809 and 1828. The first chapter examines the discourse established on Egypt in travelogues throughout the eighteenth century prior to the invasion of the country. I argue that the perceptions developed around the country did not stem from actual experience, but from political and economic motivations that cast Egypt in a light favorable for occupation. I examine how this perception was challenged during the collapse of distance between the French and Egyptians in the process of colonial encounter. Drawing upon medical records and proclamations of the French medical team in Egypt, I examine a specific epidemic known as ophthalmia that led to swollen, irritated eyes and eventual blindness throughout the French army in Egypt. While it is actually caused by Chlamydia, in every appearance it makes in French medical records throughout the occupation, the disease was blamed on the climate, sunlight, and air specific to the land of Egypt. As a result, I argue that the Description’s hyper-real contrasts of light and dark and amplified decay in its representations of the monuments residing in Egypt’s ravaging climate are determined by the manner vision itself was altered by the epidemic of ophthalmia. I then contend that there exists a metaphorical parallel between the decaying pharaonic monuments in the Description and the perceived decay of modern Egyptian society that are linked by misconceptions of Egypt’s climate. I conclude that the effect of Egypt’s climate believed to destroy both physical monuments and physiological disposition was used as evidence to support the larger agenda of French imperialism that justified colonization of Egypt. Lastly, this study examines how Egyptians counteracted the negative discourse of their race by appropriating symbols of their country used in European representations and altering them to develop a national identity. Tracing the time period from French occupation through British colonization, Egyptians were able to galvanize resistance while still working within the confines of colonial control.

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<p>This essay examines a small selection of Swedish newsreel and documentary short films, primarily travelogues, produced shortly before and after the second world war. The general aim is to expose differences in the representation of “The Other” and the “ethnic Swede” by applying a critical discourse analysis. The purpose is to illuminate how the material positions the latter as the norm and then contextualize this with xenophobic currents that had developed up until the middle of the twentieth century. Theoretical and methodological framework is drawn from the field of cultural studies as well as the nonfiction film. The analysis shows that the Swedish newsreel and travelogue indeed, to a high degree, possessed these currents even though part of them, mainly the anti-Semitic ideas, seems to relapse after the Holocaust.</p>

This essay examines a small selection of Swedish newsreel and documentary short films, primarily travelogues, produced shortly before and after the second world war. The general aim is to expose differences in the representation of “The Other” and the “ethnic Swede” by applying a critical discourse analysis. The purpose is to illuminate how the material positions the latter as the norm and then contextualize this with xenophobic currents that had developed up until the middle of the twentieth century. Theoretical and methodological framework is drawn from the field of cultural studies as well as the nonfiction film. The analysis shows that the Swedish newsreel and travelogue indeed, to a high degree, possessed these currents even though part of them, mainly the anti-Semitic ideas, seems to relapse after the Holocaust.

Review: Yakobo Lumwe: Eine Reise nach Bukoba, übersetzt und bearbeitet von Ernst Dammann, Wilhelm Fink Verlag,München 1996.

This thesis deals with the characterization of Japan and Japanese people by Swedish travelers during the Meiji period. It seeks to answer what aspects of Japanese people two Swedish travelers chose to highlight, and how these aspects were presented in their travelogues. This thesis also has a second aim. By applying Edward Said’s theory of orientalism, it wants to answer if Swedish travelogues were influenced by western 19th century ideas of colonialism and imperialism. Finally, the third question deals with the question if these travelogues fit the general European discourse regarding Japan. The results show that the two Swedish travelers present many different parts of the Japanese; topics such as nature, industry and the character its inhabitants were all accounted for. Most of these different aspects were presented in a positive light, and this seems to hold true for the general perception of the country. It also shows that the travelogues fits in with the general Swedish perception of Japan; that it is a country inhabited by intelligent people that are considered to be highly civilized. However, it is still implied that the Japanese are not considered to be true equals, despite the travelers' claim that they are excelling in many areas compared to Europeans. The Japanese discourse is therefore one of admiration and also of a subtle feeling of superiority, though the latter is not as overt in its presentation as it was with orientalism.

Diploma thesis The travelogue variations of the Czech interwar literature deals with travelouge as a specific literary genre in the interwar period of Czech literature. The first part presents an overview of variantions travelouge genre definitions as they are set out in basic literary compendia and dictionaries, and allows to divide and characterize four basic types of travelouge genre - travelouge adventurous, ideological, essayistic and poetry. The second part of the thesis is more focuses on the essayistic travelouge books of Karel Čapek and Jaroslav Durych, especially on the texts Italské listy, Anglické listy, Výlet do Španěl, Plížení Německem, Pouť do Španělska and Římská cesta. Elementary analysis is subjected to the first category - topos of the street and church/cathedral which allows to observe different poetics and ways of perceiving of two representative authors of Czech interwar literature. Keywords: travelogue, essay, interwar literature, Karel Čapek, Jaroslav Durych, first category.

Le genre de récit de voyage était très prisé au XIXe siècle, plus encore lorsqu’il concernait des contrées mythiques sur lesquelles se greffait le désir d’exotisme et la recherche de racines communes de générations d’Européens. De ce point de vue, l’Asie centrale ne fait pas exception. La rivalité russo-britannique pour le partage des zones d’influence avait provoqué une multiplication des voyages vers cet Orient mal connu. Parmi les récits britanniques les plus populaires de cette époque se distinguent ceux d’Alexander Burnes, observateur militaire, d’Arminius Vambéry, orientaliste, de Florentia Sale et de Frances Duberly, épouses d’officiers, de Henry Lansdell, prêtre anglican, de Frederick Burnaby, aventurier, etc. Ces textes représentent un genre multiforme, pris à un carrefour de discours difficiles à unifier. Tout en prenant compte la diversité de cette production littéraire, notre thèse tente de mettre en lumière la question de l’altérité que pose inévitablement le récit de voyage ainsi que d’étudier les enjeux géopolitiques et littéraires de l’écriture de voyage britannique en Asie centrale au XIXe siècle. Cette historicisation nous est nécessaire pour éviter la simplification du discours orientaliste des voyageurs britanniques tout autant qu’un ensemble de stéréotypes dépréciatifs, conduisant à légitimer un comportement impérialiste. / Travel writing and experience to different parts of the world were quite popular in the 19th century, having inspired generations of Europeans to quest for exoticism and mythic origins of Western culture. Central Asia had always been one of these territories which attracted British travellers and explorers. The clandestine imperial rivalry between Russia and Britain for the mastery of Central Asia multiplied the number of British travellers towards this unknown Orient. Among the most famous travelogues of this period are those written by Alexander Burnes, a military envoy, by Armenius Vambéry, an orientalist, by Florentia Sale and Frances Duberly, officers’ spouses, by Henry Lansdell, a missionary, by Frederick Burnaby, an adventurer, and by many others. These travel narratives, versatile and heterogeneous, bring on a problem of generic definition. Our dissertation aims at examining the phenomenon of Otherness, inherent to travel writing, as well as at mapping within narrative perspective the geopolitical and literary concerns in Central Asia. By choosing this approach our work strives to avoid the reduction of the British travelling discourse in this particular geographical area to a simple legitimacy of imperial policy in the Victorian age.

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