Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nebraska at Omaha, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-89). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between immersion running and treadmill running through the measurement of cardiorespiratory parameters. Sixteen subjects completed two exercise protocols to exhaustion. The treadmill running protocol was initiated at 3.08 m*s-l and increased a 0.22 m*s-l every sixty seconds. The immersion running protocol utilized an immersion running Ergometer (IRE). The IRE is similar to a tethered swim machine. The initial weight was set at 1 kg and Increased a 1/2 kg every sixty seconds. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V02), ventilatory equivalent (VE/V02), and minute ventilation (VE) were determined at ventilatory threshold and at maximal effort, HR, V02, VE/V02 and VE were analyzed by MANOVA (RM). Tidal volume and frequency of breathing were collected for four subjects at ventilatory threshold and at maximal effort (no statistical analysis). Two subjects who had completed the initial exercise protocols volunteered for a follow up study of blood flow distribution testing (no statistical analysis). These subjects were injected with Tc-99 2-methyloxy isobutyl isonitrlle at ventilatory threshold during immersion and treadmill running. Imaging was performed with a Selmans Gamma Camera at the UBC Dept. of Nuclear Medicine. V02 and HR at ventilatory threshold and maximal effort were significantly lower (P < .05) during immersion running. VE/V02 was significantly greater at maximal effort during immersion. Minute ventilation was unaffected by immersion, however, there was a trend towards a smaller tidal volume and greater frequency of breathing. The blood flow distribution data varied considerably partially between subjects. The significant drop in V02 at maximum effort and at ventilation threshold during immersion running may be accounted for by changes in muscle mass recruitment, muscle fibre type recruitment, recruitment pattern and state of peripheral adaptation (muscular). A lower heart rate during immersion may be due to increases in intrathoracic blood volume. The trend towards a higher breathing frequency and lower tidal volume during immersion running may be due to the increased effort to breath caused by hydrostatic chest compression. The significant increase in VE/V02 at maximal effort during immersion running was due to the significant drop in V02. It may be concluded that immersion running causes significant changes in cardiorespiratory parameters at ventilatory threshold and at maximal effort. Research is needed to investigate the significance of the changes. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

Studies assessing the reliability of the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale for regulating exercise training intensity have reported mixed results. Differences in experimental designs and analytical techniques make it difficult to compare results. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of perceptually-based treadmill (TM) exercise. Eleven subjects (42.5 ± 19.5 yrs) completed a maximal test (GXT) and 3 RPEproduction trials (PT) on a TM. Each PT consisted of two 10-minute bouts where subjects selected speeds and grades to elicit an intensity equated with an RPE of 11-12 (RPE-L) and RPE of 15-16 (RPE-H). Speed and grade, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (V02), and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/V02) were assessed throughout the GXT and the last 3 minutes of each PT. Blood lactate concentration (BLC) was assessed at RPE-L and RPE-H during the GXT and at the completion of each PT intensity. Reliability was assessed using an ANOVA with repeated-measures, intraclass correlations, and absolute differences (ABS A) across the PTs at each intensity. No significant meangroup differences were noted in any of the physiological variables at either intensity across the PTs. Reliability coefficients were higher for the selected workload and the metabolic measures than for HR or BLC. Reliability increased across trials for all measures, and as a function of intensity for V02 (L = 0.91 & H = 0.98), HR (L = 0.60 & H = 0.84), and BLC (L = 0.50 & H = 0.64). Mean ABS A evaluated the inter-trial reliability for HR (bpm) and V02 (METS) at the low intensity PT 1 vs. PT2 = 013 bpm; A3.3 METS, PT 1 vs. PT3 = 010 bpm ; A3.3 METS, and PT2 vs. PT3 = A7 bpm; 01.6 METS and the high intensity PT 1 vs. PT2 = 011 bpm; A2.5 METS, PT 1 vs. PT3 = 011 bpm; A3.4 METS, and PT2 vs. PT3 = A9 bpm; A2.2 METS, respectively. Mean ABS A decreased for HR and V02 between PT2 vs. PT3. These data suggest that reliability of perceptually-based TMexercise varies among physiological measures and various analytical techniques, and individual variation in physiological data across PTs should be considered prior torecommending RPE for the self-regulation of exercise. / School of Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity of self-reported historical walking, running, and jogging (WRJ) activity. The criterion measure was concurrent performance on a maximal treadmill test. Subjects completed a medical exam and treadmill test between the years 1976 and 1985, and completed a follow-up questionnaire in 1986. Questionnaire included an item that assessed WRJ for each year from 1976 through 1985. Data analysis included Spearman correlations, partial correlations, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Results indicated self-reported historical WRJ can be assessed with reasonable validity when compared with concurrently measured treadmill performance, and there is no decay in the accuracy of this reporting for up to ten years in the past.

Ao longo dos últimos anos observou-se um aumento no número de idosos no mundo, com isso faz-se necessário buscar terapias que amenizem os danos relacionados e também elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos neste processo. O exercício físico tem sido sugerido como uma ferramenta importante, não farmacológica, para atenuar os déficits relacionados à idade. Ainda, estudos recentes sugerem uma relação entre o processo de envelhecimento cerebral e o desequilíbrio de mecanismos epigenéticos, contudo, estes dados ainda não são conclusivos. Sabe-se que o grau de neuroplasticidade varia com a idade e que as estruturas encefálicas podem responder diferentemente à exposição ao exercício. Estudos demonstram que o córtex pré-frontal está envolvido em funções de alta ordem como atenção, tomada de decisão e memória de trabalho. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes protocolos de exercício físico (sessão única e exercício diário moderado) sobre a modulação de marcadores epigenéticos em córtex pré-frontal de ratos Wistar de 3 e 21 meses de idade. Os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo de sessão única (20 minutos) ou o exercício diário moderado (20 minutos durante 14 dias), 1 hora após a última sessão foram eutanasiados. O córtex pré-frontal foi dissecado e a acetilação da H4, o conteúdo da DNA metiltransferase (DNMT1 e DNMT3b), assim como a atividade da histona metiltransferase H3K27 foram analisadas. Os resultados serão apresentados na versão completa desta dissertação. / Over the past few years the number of elderly people has increased in the world, therefore it is necessary to search therapies that ameliorate age-related deficits as well as elucidate the mechanisms involved in this process. Physical exercise has been suggested as an important non-pharmacological approach to alleviate the age-related decline. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested a relationship between the process of brain aging and imbalance of epigenetic mechanisms, however, these data are not conclusive. It is well described that prefrontal cortex is involved in higher functions like attention, decision making and working memory. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two exercise protocols (single session and daily moderate exercise) on the modulation of epigenetic markers in the prefrontal cortex from Wistar rats of 3- and 21- months-old. Animals were submitted to single session protocol (20 minutes) or the daily moderate exercise (20 minutes for 14 days), and 1hour after the last exercise session animals were euthanized. Prefrontal cortex was dissected out and acetylation of H4, the content of DNA methyl transferase (DNMT1 and DNMT3B), as well as histone methyltransferase H3K27 activity were analyzed. Results will be presented in the full version.

Exercise training has consistently been shown to increase fat utilization during exercise, while conflicting results have been reported on the effects of sex and age on fuel metabolism during exercise. PURPOSE: The primary objective of this investigation was to compare fat and carbohydrate utilization during exercise among males and females varying in age and training status. METHODS: 8 groups of 10 subjects each were formed based upon trained (T)/untrained (U), male (M)/female (F), and young (Y)/older (O): TYM, TYF, UYM, UYF, TOM, TOF, UOM, UOF. All female subjects were experiencing regular menstrual cycles, not using oral contraceptives, and were tested in the mid-follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. The young subjects averaged 21.3 ��1.7 yr and older subjects 40.1 ��1.9 yr. All subjects exercised for 35 minutes on a treadmill at an intensity just below their ventilatory threshold. Substrate utilization was indicated by the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and a 2x2x2 factorial ANOVA was used to determine whether age, sex, and training status have independent or interacting effects on substrate-utilization variables, and t-tests were used for post-hoc comparisons. RESULTS: The average RER during exercise was lower in trained subjects (0.841��.023) compared to untrained subjects (0.884��.021) (P < .05). There was no difference in the average RER during exercise between the young (0.860��.026) and older (0.865��.034) groups of subjects. The average RER during exercise was lower for untrained females (0.860��.027) than untrained males (0.870��.032) (P < .05), but there was no difference in fat and carbohydrate utilization between trained males (0.843��.023) and trained females (0.838��.022). CONCLUSION: The major finding of this study was that untrained females utilized proportionately more fat during exercise compared to untrained males, but there was no difference in fat and carbohydrate utilization between trained females and trained males. Another finding was that a 20-year difference in age was not sufficient for an age effect to be evident in fat utilization during moderate exercise. / Graduation date: 2013

No description available.