We develop a neuro-fuzzy network technique to extract TSK-type fuzzy rules from a given set of input-output data for classification problems. Fuzzy clusters are generated incrementally from the training data set, and similar clusters are merged dynamically together through input-similarity, output-similarity, and output-variance tests. The associated membership functions are defined with statistical means and deviations. Each cluster corresponds to a fuzzy IF-THEN rule, and the obtained rules can be further refined by a fuzzy neural network with a hybrid learning algorithm which combines a recursive SVD-based least squares estimator and the gradient descent method. The proposed technique has several advantages. The information about input and output data subspaces is considered simultaneously for cluster generation and merging. Membership functions match closely with and describe properly the real distribution of the training data points. Redundant clusters are combined and the sensitivity to the input order of training data is reduced. Besides, generation of the whole set of clusters from the scratch can be avoided when new training data are considered.

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Over the past decade, fuzzy systems have gained remarkable acceptance in many fields including control and automation, pattern recognition, medical diagnosis and forecasting. The fuzzy system application has also been accepted as a promising approach to dealing with uncertainty in real estate valuation analysis. This is mainly due to the necessity of coping with a large number of qualitative and quantitative variables that affect the value of a real property. The appraisers use a great deal of judgment to identify both the characteristics that contribute to property values and the relationships among these characteristics in order to derive estimates of market values. This thesis uses the two widely-used fuzzy rule-based systems / namely the Mamdani and Takagi- Sugeno-Kang (TSK) type fuzzy models in an attempt to examine the main determinants of office rents in Istanbul Central Business District (CBD). The input variables of the fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) comprise: i) physical attributes of office spaces and office buildings, ii) lease contract terms, and iii) tenants&rsquo / perception of the office rent determinants, tenants&rsquo / location of residence, tenants&rsquo / transportation modes, etc and as the output the system proposes the office property&rsquo / s rental price. Obtaining office rent determinants is a significant issue for both practitioners and academics. While,practitioners use them directly in demand and sensitivity analyses, academics are more interested in the relative significance of these variables and their effect on the variation in office rent to forecast market behavior. Our data set includes a detailed survey of 500 office spaces located in Istanbul CBD. We have carried out two Mamdani-type FRBS and two TSK-type FRBS for the office space and office building data sets. In these FRBS analyses, firstly the so-called representative office spaces are determined, then the average office space rents are estimated. Finally, the spatial variation in the average office rents across the CBD sub-districts, along with the Office space rent variations with respect to different clusters, like number of workers, number of floors and so on, have been analyzed. We believe that presenting the spatial variation in office rents will make a noteworthy contribution both to the real estate investors and appraisers interested in Istanbul office market.

Thesis title: Kinesiophobia in patients on renal dialysis therapy - questionnaire study. The aims of the thesis: To characterise the term kinesiophobia and to evaluate the dependence of the measure of fear of movement on sociodemographic and clinical variables with the use of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia questionnaire (TSK-CZ) in a group of respondents on renal dialysis therapy and a group of healthy respondents. Methods: To determine the dependence of the measure of kinesiophobia on selected variables, the TSK-CZ questionnaire was used in Fresenius Medical Care dialysis centres across towns in the Czech Republic. The reference group of individuals with no renal disease - healthy respondents - was addressed by means of the Survio.cz website. The research comprised a group of respondents on renal dialysis therapy (n = 135) and a group of healthy respondents (n = 135). The collected data was processed using statistical methods - descriptive statistics and data analysis (t-test, Chi-squared test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation coefficient). After that, the data was transferred to tables and charts and was evaluated. Results: On the basis of the TSK-CZ questionnaire, a significant difference in the measure of fear of movement was found between the respondents on renal dialysis and the healthy ones...

Les modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines constituent un niveau crucial de régulation de l’expression des gènes. Parmi elles, la conjugaison peptidique impliquant l’ubiquitine intervient entre autre dans la régulation de la stabilité protéique. La fixation de ce peptide de 76 acides aminés, extrêmement conservé, sous forme de chaîne de polyubiquitine, nécessite l’intervention de trois enzymes (E1, E2 et E3) et constitue un signal de dégradation de la protéine ainsi modifiée. Cette voie de régulation intervient dans de très nombreux processus biologiques. Les complexes SCF sont impliqués dans la voie de protéolyse ciblée. Ils représentent l' une des classes les plus fréquentes d'ubiquitine ligase E3 et ils sont composés de quatre sous-unités (Rbx, Cullin, SKP1, et F-box). La structure et la fonction des complexes SCF, ont été étudiées chez la levure, l’Homme et la plante modèle A. thaliana. Cependant, peu de travaux ont été réalisés chez des plantes cultivées, en particulier les céréales, telles que le blé. Cinq gènes codant pour la sous-unité Skp1 (TSK1, TSK3, TSK6, TSK11 et TSK16), cinq gènes codant pour la sous-unité F-box (ZTL, ATFBL5, EBF, TIR1 et ABA-T), un gène codant pour la sous-unité Cullin1 et un gène codant pour la protéine RBX du complexe SCF du blé, ont été isolés et clonés. Les différents tests d’interaction entre les quatre sous-unités du complexe SCF ont été réalisés par la méthode du double-hybride dans la levure en utilisant la technologie Gateway. Ces études ont montré que les deux protéines, TSK1 et TSK3, fixent spécifiquement différentes sous-unités F-box. Parallèlement, nous avons montré que la protéine TSK11 représente une structure particulière. Des études d’insertion/délétion sur la protéine TSK11 ont permis d’identifier un nouveau domaine indispensable à l’interaction. Les analyses par PCR semi-quantitative des différents gènes codant pour la sous-unité Skp1, dans trois tissus différents (feuille tige et racine), ont mis en évidence une expression constitutive des gènes TSK3, TSK6 et TSK11. Tandis que les gènes TSK1 et TSK16 sont exprimés préférentiellement dans les racines. Les analyses par PCR semi-quantitative sur des plantules de blé à différents stades de développement, ont mis en évidence une surexpression du gène TSK11 au moment de la floraison. Ce qui suggère que TSK11 est probablement un équivalent fonctionnel d’ASK1 chez Arabidopsis thaliana. / The selective degradation of proteins is an important means of regulating gene expression and plays crucial roles in the control of various cellular processes. The Ubiquitin (Ub)–Proteasome System (UPS) is the principal non-lysosomal proteolytic pathway in eukaryotic cells and is required for the degradation of key regulatory proteins. Ubiquitin is a 76-residue protein that can be attached covalently to target proteins through an enzymatic conjugation cascade involving three enzymes denoted, E1, E2 and E3.The SCF complex is a type of ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) that acts as the specific factor responsible for substrate recognition and ubiquitination. Some polyubiquitinated proteins are then targeted to the 26S proteasome for degradation. The SCF complex consists of four components including SKP1, Cullin1, Rbx1 and a large gene family of F-box proteins. Twenty one SKP1-related genes have been described in the Arabidopsis genome and some of these genes have been analyzed genetically. By contrast, little is known about the function and structure of SKP1 homologues in wheat. Some of the Triticum SKP1-related protein (TSKs) have been characterized in this study. Five complete sequences of SKP1 (TSK1, TSK3, TSK6, TSK11 and TSK16), five F-box (ZTL, ATFBL5, EBF, TIR1 and ABA-T), one Cullin1 and one Rbx, were successfully cloned and biochemically characterized. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that TSK1 and TSK3 are capable of interacting with different F-box proteins. Furthermore, TSK11 contains an additional domain that changed its interaction capabilities. In vitro analysis using a chimeric protein showed that this additional domain could modify the interaction between a SKP-like protein and two F-box proteins. Expression analyses revealed that TSK1 and TSK16 were expressed predominantly in roots. While, TSK3, TSK6 and TSK11 were expressed in several wheat organs. In addition, the TSK11 was up-regulated in the leaves at the flowering stage.

Orientadores: Lee Luan Ling, Flavio Henrique Teles Vieira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_LigiaMariaCarvalho_M.pdf: 2110733 bytes, checksum: 2417de66d2ca06dcb86fbce5e919906e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho propõe um esquema de controle adaptativo de ?uxos baseado no modelo fuzzy TSK. Neste esquema de controle, o modelo fuzzy TSK é utilizado para prever adaptativamente o tamanho da ?la no buffer em um enlace. Com o objetivo de ajustar dinamicamente os parâmetros do modelo fuzzy TSK, propomos um algoritmo de treinamento adaptativo. Na primeira etapa do algoritmo de treinamento proposto, os parâmetros das partes premissas e das partes conseqüentes do modelo são obtidos. A segunda etapa consiste de um algoritmo de re?namento dos parâmetros do modelo baseado em gradiente descendente. A e?ciência do preditor proposto é avaliada através da comparação com outros preditores adaptativos fazendo uso de traços de tráfego reais. A partir dos parâmetros do modelo fuzzy TSK, derivamos uma expressão para a taxa da fonte controlável a qual minimiza a variância do tamanho de ?la no buffer. O controle de congestionamento proposto é então aplicado em diferentes cenários de rede com vários nós. Comparações realizadas com outros métodos de controle de congestionamento demonstram que o controle de congestionamento proposto obtém menores taxas de perdas e consegue de fato manter o tamanho da ?la no buffer abaixo do valor desejado / Abstract: The present work proposes a adaptive control of traf?c ?ows based in the TSK fuzzy model. In this control, the TSK fuzzy model is used to predict in a manner adaptive the buffer length in one output link. With the objective of dynamically adjust the parameters of the TSK fuzzy model, we proposed a adaptive training algorithm. In the ?rst stage of the proposed training algorithm, the parameters of the premise and consequent parts of the model are obtained. The second stage consists of a re?ning algorithm of the parameters based in descent gradient. The effectiveness of the proposed predictor is evaluated through comparison with other adaptive predictors by using real network traf?c traces. With the parameters of the TSK model, we derive an expression for the controllable source rate which minimizes the variance of the buffer length. The proposed congestion control is applied in different network sceneries with several nodes. Comparison made with others congestion control methods demonstrates that the proposed congestion control obtain lesser loss rate and gets in fact to keep the buffer length below of the reference level / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Syfte: Undersökningen syftar till att utifrån teorier kring kapitalstruktur och empiriska samband mellan skuldsättning och lönsamhet diskutera hur skuldsättning kan användas i ekonomistyrning. Metod: Undersökningen är gjord enligt kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Sekundärdata hämtas och analyseras med statistiska metoder. Resultaten diskuteras med teoretisk referensram. Slutsats :Studiens empiriska resultat visar på ett signifikant negativt samband mellan skuldsättning (​TSK ​ ) och lönsamhet (​ROA ​ ), samt ett signifikant positivt samband mellan skuldsättning (​TSK ​ ) och lönsamhet (​ROE ​ ). De empiriska resultaten tyder på att hur skuldsättning kan användas i ekonomistyrning beror på hur lönsamhet mäts. / Purpose: This study aims to; from theories of capital structure and empirical relations between debt and profitability discuss how debt can be used in management control. Method: This study follow quantitative research method. Secondary data is retrieved and analyzed by statistical methods. The results are discussed with the theoretical framework. Conclusion: Empirical results indicate a significant negative relationship between debt (​TSK ​ ) and profitability (​ROA ​ ), followed by a significant positive relationship between debt (​TSK ​ ) and profitability (​ROE ​ ). Empirical results further suggest that the measure of profitability is crucial for how debt can be used in management control.