ABSTRACT Bergman Trygg, E. 2014. Investigating the effect of monetary compensation on Human-Elephant Conflict, A qualitative study in Idodi and Pawaga Divisions, Tanzania. Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsatser: Kulturgeografiska institutionen, Uppsala University. The purpose of this study is to investigate how a compensation scheme affects farmers’ attitudes toward elephants, the Tanzanian government and the concept of conservation. Another purpose is to see what respondents know about the scheme in relation to what is written in the scheme documents. This was done by conducting 20 qualitative interviews with farmers in five different villages in Idodi and Pawaga Divisions, Tanzania. Respondents were divided into two groups: One who had received compensation and one who had not. This aimed to distinguish differences between respondent groups, hence evaluating the efficacy of the compensation scheme and how it affects their attitudes. More interviews were conducted with victims or their relatives who had been attacked by wild animals in order to see what these victims knew of the scheme and how authorities handled attacks.      Results showed small differences between the groups. Both had positive attitudes toward elephants and conservation, contradicting to what is presented in earlier studies. Attitudes toward the government were mainly negative due to suspicions of corruption. There were more positive attitudes toward the government among respondents who had received compensation. Knowledge of the scheme was low compared to what is written in the scheme documents.   Keywords: Human-elephant conflict, compensation scheme, attitudes, farmers, Tanzania   Supervisor: Bert Eriksson.

In Tanzania, the enrolment in school is high but the students’ performance is in general low. Parents are seen as important agents to provide students with opportunities to succeed in school. It is therefore of interest to investigate what is being said about parental involvement (PI) in the Tanzanian school. The aim with this study is to identify and analyse common assumptions about PI in the context of the Tanzanian primary school. We had the opportunity to travel to Tanzania for eight weeks to investigate this. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with eight parents and two teachers about PI were carried out in two rural villages. Questions to the parents about their perception of education were furthermore asked in order to achieve a background for their statements about PI. The study is based on a discourse analytical approach, meaning that the result was obtained through identifying discourses by analysing the respondents’ statements. The analysis resulted in five discourses: Education for the future, PI as a resource, PI as pressures from teachers, PI as a lack of education and PI as paying attention to children’s education. The contents which fill the discourses are discussed in relation to the context of the study as well as perception of the relationship between home and school. The parents in this study value education highly and their involvement is mostly about contributing with financial support. Yet, the teachers are demanding a higher involvement from parents. The low socioeconomic background is a barrier for many parents to become involved. A conscious effort, aimed at getting parents more involved, is needed in order to increase the children’s academic performance.

In Tanzania, an ongoing private media boom operates within the frameworks of media laws dating back to the 1970s, restricting media freedom and enabling the government to keep some control of what is written on certain topics. This is widely acknowledged and makes Tanzania an interesting subject for studies of news media confidence from an audience perspective. Confidence is viewed as an attitude consisting of three components: the cognitive, the emotive and the behavioral component. The cognitive component consists of expectations and sought gratifications, the emotive component is the feeling of confidence or the disappointment of a failed expectation and the behavioral component includes what media an individual intends to use, which should not be mistaken for what media an individual is actually using. A quantitative questionnaire in Swahili was distributed to 84 randomly selected inhabitants of Dar es Salaam, almost equally distributed between three areas: the lower class area Mwanayamala, the middle class area Kimara and the upper class area Mikocheni. After finishing the quantitative study, 9 qualitative interviews were conducted with a representative selection of those answering the questionnaire. The interviews and questionnaires were conducted during November and December 2013 and all participants were guaranteed anonymity. Finding truthful information, getting education and entertainment was the most frequent sought gratifications from media usage. Media type, language and ownership were the medium characteristics most evidently affecting confidence. Religion, social status and interests were the individual characteristics most evidently affecting confidence. News media confidence turns out to be more about mutual understanding between the individual receiver and the sending medium, than perceived accuracy and independent monitoring of power.

[Abstract]Over the past 15 years, significant sectors of the mining industry have undertaken the Global Mining Initiative. This was followed by an extensive program called the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project. These self regulatory mechanisms require 'beyond compliance' environmental behaviour, whether companies are operating in the developed or the developing world. Reviewing case studies of gold mines operated by the 'top tier' transnational mining companies in Queensland, Papua New Guinea and Tanzania, this thesis addresses whether these and other self regulatory mechanisms are more important than formal legislation in motivating compliance with environmental laws for these mining companies.

[Abstract]Over the past 15 years, significant sectors of the mining industry have undertaken the Global Mining Initiative. This was followed by an extensive program called the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project. These self regulatory mechanisms require 'beyond compliance' environmental behaviour, whether companies are operating in the developed or the developing world. Reviewing case studies of gold mines operated by the 'top tier' transnational mining companies in Queensland, Papua New Guinea and Tanzania, this thesis addresses whether these and other self regulatory mechanisms are more important than formal legislation in motivating compliance with environmental laws for these mining companies.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska instttutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2006.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed July 30, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology, Dept. of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bayreuth, 2000. / Two folded leaves in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (p. 286-290).