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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tau nucléaire : un acteur clé dans le stress neuronal / Nuclear Tau : a key player in neuronal stress

Sultan, Audrey 17 December 2010 (has links)
Les protéines Tau sont impliquées dans plusieurs maladies neurodégénératives dénommées tauopathies, dont la plus fréquente est la maladie d’Alzheimer. Ces maladies se caractérisent par une accumulation intracellulaire de protéines Tau hyper- et anormalement phosphorylées sous forme de filaments. Ces lésions, dont l’origine et le rôle exact restent mal connus, sont au cœur d’un processus dégénératif conduisant à de nombreux troubles cognitifs et/ou moteurs et aboutissant le plus souvent à un syndrome de démence. Les protéines Tau appartiennent à la famille des protéines associées aux microtubules. Elles sont principalement neuronales et majoritairement localisées dans les axones où elles modulent l’assemblage et la stabilisation des microtubules. La mise en évidence d’autres localisations au sein des neurones, notamment dans le noyau, suggère néanmoins que Tau pourrait être une protéine multifonctionnelle. Cependant, bien que Tau soit observée dans le noyau des neurones, sa fonction n’a jamais été étudiée. Des études in vitro ont montré que la protéine Tau purifiée est capable de se lier et de stabiliser l’ADN en le protégeant de la dégradation par les DNAses ainsi que des altérations provoquées par les radicaux libres. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont eu pour objectif d’étudier in situ, la fonction de Tau nucléaire sur l’intégrité de l’ADN en condition de stress. Dans ce but, nous avons développé et caractérisé des modèles dans lesquels un stress thermique ou un stress oxydant, un mécanisme précocement impliqué dans la maladie d’Alzheimer, modulent la quantité de Tau dans le noyau de neurones. Nos résultats indiquent qu’en réponse à une hyperthermie, stress non toxique pour les cellules, Tau est déphosphorylée et s’accumule dans le noyau des neurones où elle se lie à l’ADN. Afin d’étudier le rôle de Tau nucléaire, nous avons analysé par Comet assay l’effet de l’hyperthermie sur l’intégrité de l’ADN dans des neurones sauvages ou déficients en Tau. Les résultats ont montré que ce type de stress entraîne des dommages à l’ADN spécifiquement dans les neurones déficients en Tau. Dans ces neurones, l’expression à l’aide de vecteurs adénoviraux de la Tau humaine possédant ou non une séquence de localisation nucléaire pour cibler Tau dans le compartiment nucléaire, prévient les dommages induits par le stress. Inversement, une hypothermie induit une hyperphosphorylation de Tau et prévient son accumulation dans le noyau. Dans ce contexte, nous avons observé la présence de dommages à l’ADN dans les neurones sauvages. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggèrent que l’accumulation de Tau dans les noyaux protège l’ADN neuronal des dommages induits par un stress. En conclusion, ce travail montre, pour la première fois, un nouveau rôle de Tau en tant qu’acteur essentiel de la réponse précoce à un stress dans le neurone où la protéine Tau protège l’intégrité de l’ADN. Dans les tauopathies, l’altération pathologique de Tau pourrait avoir un impact délétère sur sa fonction neuroprotectrice de l’ADN et contribuer ainsi à la physiopathologie de ces maladies. / Tau proteins are involved in several neurodegenerative disorders, named tauopathies. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common tauopathy. These diseases are characterized by an intracellular accumulation of abnormally and hyperphosphorylated Tau into filaments. The etiology and exact contribution of these lesions are poorly understood but they induce degenerative process leading to cognitive and/or motor troubles and in several cases, dementia. Tau proteins belong to the family of microtubule associated proteins. They are mainly expressed in neurons and strongly localized in axons. Tau’s function is to promote assembly and stabilization of microtubules. However, the observation of additional neuronal localizations suggests that Tau could be a multifunctional protein. Indeed, Tau has been visualized in the nucleus of neurons, but its nuclear function has never been studied. In vitro studies have shown that purified Tau protein can bind to DNA. Tau-DNA complex could stabilize DNA, protecting it from DNAse’s degradation and from damages induced by hydroxyl free radicals. Thus, the aim of this work was to study, in situ, the function of nuclear Tau on DNA integrity in stress condition. In this purpose, we developed and characterized models in which thermal stress or oxidative stress, an early mechanism involved in AD, modulates Tau level in the nucleus of neurons. Our results indicate that, in response to heat stress, a non toxic cellular stress, Tau is dephosphorylated and accumulates into the nucleus of neurons. Tau binds to DNA and heat stress increases Tau-DNA complex formation. To study the role of nuclear Tau, we analyzed the effects of heat stress on DNA integrity by Comet assay in wild type or Tau deficient neurons. Results showed that this stress causes DNA damages specifically in Tau deficient neurons. In these neurons, the expression of Tau with adenoviral vector encoding for hTau with or without a nuclear localization sequence to target Tau in the nuclear compartment prevents heat stress-induced DNA damages. Conversely, cold stress induces Tau hyperphosphorylation and prevents its accumulation into the nucleus. In this context, we observed DNA damages in wild type neurons. All these results suggest that nuclear accumulation of Tau protects neurons from stress-induced DNA damages. In conclusion, this study enlightens, for the first time, a new role of Tau as an essential actor in the early response to cellular stress in neurons where Tau has a neuroprotective function on DNA in stress condition. In tauopathies, pathologic Tau alteration could lead to a loss of its neuroprotective function on DNA, that could likely contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease.
2

Pathological modifications of tau induce toxicity and facilitate cell death

Matthews, Tori A. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
3

Regulation of tau functions by posttranslational modifications of tau and histone deacetylase 6

Ding, Huiping. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 24, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
4

Effect of FTDP-17 mutations on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tau protein in vitro

Han, Dong, 1970- January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
5

Inibição da fosfolipase A2 e fosforilação da proteína Tau em culturas primárias de neurônios hipocampais / Phospholipase A2 inhibition and Tau protein phosphorylation in primary cultures of hipocampal neurons

Paula, Vanessa de Jesus Rodrigues de 30 November 2009 (has links)
A proteína Tau é um importante componente do citoesqueleto neuronal, encontrada fundamentalmente nos axônios e sendo responsável pela estabilização dos microtúbulos. Agregados de proteína Tau em estado hiperfosforilado dão origem aos filamentos helicoidais pareados, que por sua vez integram os emaranhados neurofibrilares. Estes, ao lado das placas senis, representam os achados patológicos característicos da doença de Alzheimer (DA). A superfamília das fosfolipases A2 (PLA2) compreende diversas enzimas que participam de processos fisiológicos importantes, tais como a digestão de fosfolipídios, a remodelação da membrana celular e a geração de mensageiros para a sinalização intracelular. Existem evidências indiretas de que o estado de fosforilação da Tau é modificado pelos produtos metabólicos da PLA2, em processos de neuritogênese e plasticidade sináptica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar, em culturas primárias de neurônios, os efeitos da inibição da PLA2 sobre o estado de fosforilação da proteína Tau. Foram utilizados inibidores de diferentes subtipos de PLA2 para o tratamento das culturas, sendo os efeitos determinados pelo método de Western Blot, utilizando-se painel de anticorpos direcionados contra a proteína Tau sensíveis ao estado de fosforilação de seus diferentes fosfoepitopos. Nossos achados mostram que a inibição da PLA2 leva a um aumento dose-dependente e específico da fosforilação da Tau no resíduo de Serina 214. Isso sugere que a PLA2 participa da regulação do estado de fosforilação da Tau em neurônios hipocampais por uma via independente da ação da enzima glicogênio sintase quinase (GSK), que é a principal quinase da proteína Tau em neurônios. Essas evidências reforçam o papel da PLA2 na fisiopatologia da DA, na qual a redução da atividade enzimática correlaciona-se com parâmetros clínicos e neuropatológicos da demência. / Tau protein is an important cytoskeleton component, responsible for microtubules stabilization, found basically in axons of neurons. The abnormal aggregation of Tau protein in a hyperphosphorylated state could lead to paired helical filaments, which in turn integrate the neurofibrillary tangles present in many illnesses, such Alzheimer Disease (AD). Together with senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles represent the histopathological findings of AD. Indirect evidences show that metabolic products of an important family of enzymes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are responsible for modifications in neuritogenesis processes, synaptic plasticity and in Tau phosphorylation state. The superfamily of PLA2 comprehends many enzymes important in physiological processes, such as phospholipids digestion, cellular membrane remodeling and messengers of intracellular signaling. This way, the objective of this research is to investigate, in primary neurons cultures, the effect of PLA2 inhibition on Tau phosphorylation state. Cultures were treated with PLA2 inhibitors and the effects were analyzed by western-blot method using specifics antibodies for some Tau phosphorylated residues. Our findings show that the PLA2 inhibition increases Tau phosphorylation in Serine 214 residue in dose-dependent and specific manner. These findings suggest that PLA2 participate in hippocampal neurons Tau phosphorylation regulation, in a glycogen sintase quinase (GSK) independent manner. These evidences strengthen the possible role of PLA2 in the physiopathology of AD and that the reduction of its enzymatic activity is correlated with clinical and neuropathology parameters of dementia.
6

In vitro modelling of tau phosphorylating kinases: emphasis on Cdk5 /

Jämsä, Anne, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
7

Tau and neurofilament proteins in Alzheimer's disease and related cell models /

Björkdahl, Cecilia, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
8

On characterisation and diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes : with special reference to the progressive aphasias /

Andersen, N. Christian, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
9

Inibição da fosfolipase A2 e fosforilação da proteína Tau em culturas primárias de neurônios hipocampais / Phospholipase A2 inhibition and Tau protein phosphorylation in primary cultures of hipocampal neurons

Vanessa de Jesus Rodrigues de Paula 30 November 2009 (has links)
A proteína Tau é um importante componente do citoesqueleto neuronal, encontrada fundamentalmente nos axônios e sendo responsável pela estabilização dos microtúbulos. Agregados de proteína Tau em estado hiperfosforilado dão origem aos filamentos helicoidais pareados, que por sua vez integram os emaranhados neurofibrilares. Estes, ao lado das placas senis, representam os achados patológicos característicos da doença de Alzheimer (DA). A superfamília das fosfolipases A2 (PLA2) compreende diversas enzimas que participam de processos fisiológicos importantes, tais como a digestão de fosfolipídios, a remodelação da membrana celular e a geração de mensageiros para a sinalização intracelular. Existem evidências indiretas de que o estado de fosforilação da Tau é modificado pelos produtos metabólicos da PLA2, em processos de neuritogênese e plasticidade sináptica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar, em culturas primárias de neurônios, os efeitos da inibição da PLA2 sobre o estado de fosforilação da proteína Tau. Foram utilizados inibidores de diferentes subtipos de PLA2 para o tratamento das culturas, sendo os efeitos determinados pelo método de Western Blot, utilizando-se painel de anticorpos direcionados contra a proteína Tau sensíveis ao estado de fosforilação de seus diferentes fosfoepitopos. Nossos achados mostram que a inibição da PLA2 leva a um aumento dose-dependente e específico da fosforilação da Tau no resíduo de Serina 214. Isso sugere que a PLA2 participa da regulação do estado de fosforilação da Tau em neurônios hipocampais por uma via independente da ação da enzima glicogênio sintase quinase (GSK), que é a principal quinase da proteína Tau em neurônios. Essas evidências reforçam o papel da PLA2 na fisiopatologia da DA, na qual a redução da atividade enzimática correlaciona-se com parâmetros clínicos e neuropatológicos da demência. / Tau protein is an important cytoskeleton component, responsible for microtubules stabilization, found basically in axons of neurons. The abnormal aggregation of Tau protein in a hyperphosphorylated state could lead to paired helical filaments, which in turn integrate the neurofibrillary tangles present in many illnesses, such Alzheimer Disease (AD). Together with senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles represent the histopathological findings of AD. Indirect evidences show that metabolic products of an important family of enzymes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are responsible for modifications in neuritogenesis processes, synaptic plasticity and in Tau phosphorylation state. The superfamily of PLA2 comprehends many enzymes important in physiological processes, such as phospholipids digestion, cellular membrane remodeling and messengers of intracellular signaling. This way, the objective of this research is to investigate, in primary neurons cultures, the effect of PLA2 inhibition on Tau phosphorylation state. Cultures were treated with PLA2 inhibitors and the effects were analyzed by western-blot method using specifics antibodies for some Tau phosphorylated residues. Our findings show that the PLA2 inhibition increases Tau phosphorylation in Serine 214 residue in dose-dependent and specific manner. These findings suggest that PLA2 participate in hippocampal neurons Tau phosphorylation regulation, in a glycogen sintase quinase (GSK) independent manner. These evidences strengthen the possible role of PLA2 in the physiopathology of AD and that the reduction of its enzymatic activity is correlated with clinical and neuropathology parameters of dementia.
10

Efeitos do lítio sobre a expressão e atividade das enzimas fosfolipase A2 e glicogênio sintase quinase 3beta e sua relação com o estado de fosforilação da proteína tau / Effects of lithium on the expression of the enzymes activity phospholipase A2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and its relationship with the phosphorylation state of tau protein

Paula, Vanessa de Jesus Rodrigues de 11 August 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo comparou o efeito do tratamento crônico com lítio em doses subterapêuticas (0,02mM e 0,2mM) e dose terapêutica (2mM) em cultura primária de neurônios corticais e hipocampais. As amostras foram analisadas e comparadas com o grupo controle (sem tratamento) tanto para os neurônios corticais, como para os neurônios hipocampais. O objetivo do estudo foi: 1) avaliar, nessas culturas celulares, a atividade de diferentes quinases (PKA, CaMKII, AKT e GSK3beta), diferentes sítio de fosforilação da Tau (Ser, 199, 205, 214, 396, C-terminal e seis isoformas), a partir da inibição da PLA2 pelo lítio; 2) Investigar as vias de sinalização envolvidas na modulação do estado de fosforilação da proteína tau a partir da inibição da PLA2 em culturas primárias de neurônios; 3) avaliar, simultaneamente, a expressão de fatores neurotróficos (BDNF) e citocinas (GM-CSF, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-y e TNF-alfa) mediante o tratamento de neurônios primários com lítio e 4) avaliar expressão gênica por microarray das culturas tratadas com diferentes doses, subterapêuticas e terapêutica, de cloreto de lítio. Nossos resultados sugerem uma dissociação de efeitos em neurônios corticais dos observados em neurônios hipocampais. O lítio aumentou a atividade enzimática da iPLA2 e da cPLA2, tanto em neurônios corticais como em neurônios hipocampais. A atividade da GSK3beta foi inibida pelo tratamento crônico com lítio em neurônios hipocampais e apresentou efeito contrário em neurônios corticais. Observamos comportamentos diferentes das diferentes proteínas analisadas em culturas de neurônios corticais e hipocampais, e não tivemos significância estatística para as alterações na proteína tau. O tratamento nas doses subterapêuticas aumentou a secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias tanto em neurônios corticais quanto em neurônios hipocampais / The present study compared the effect of lithium chronic treatment with subtherapeutic doses (0.02mM and 0.2mM) and therapeutic dose (2mM) in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons cell culture. This samples were analyzed and compared with the control group (no treatment). The study\'s goal was: 1) to evaluate in these Cell Culture a different activity kinases (PKA, CaMKII, AKT and GSK3beta), different phosphorylation site of the Tau (199, 205, 214, 396, C-terminal and Six isoforms) and PLA2 inhibition; 2) To investigate how signaling pathways involved in modulation of tau phosphorylation from the inhibition of PLA2 in primary cultures of neurons; 3) analyze an expression of neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFNy TNFalfa 4) to evaluate gene expression via microarray with different doses of lithium treatment. Our results suggest a dissociation effects on cortical and hippocampal neurons cell culture. Lithium increased the enzyme activity of iPLA2 and cPLA2, in both cortical and hippocampal neurons. The GSK3beta the activity was inhibited by chronic treatment with lithium in hippocampal neurons and presented contrary effect on cortical neurons. We observe not statistics significance on tau protein. The treatment at subtherapeutic and therapeutic doses increased the secretion of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines both in cortical and hippocampal neurons

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