Version abrégée de: Thesis--Faculty of the department of philosophy--University Park--Pennsylvania state university, 1902? / Notes bibliogr.

Dados de contagem podem ser considerados, em geral, como provenientes de uma distribuição de Poisson. Neste contexto, a análise de tais dados apresenta certas dificuldades, pois não segue algumas pressuposições básicas para o ajuste de um modelo matemático. Desse modo, algumas transformações são sugeridas, mas nem sempre bons resultados são obtidos. No enfoque de Modelos Lineares Generalizados, a estatística que mede a qualidade do ajuste do modelo para os dados é chamada deviance. Porém, a distribuição da deviance é, em geral, desconhecida. No entanto, para dados com distribuição de Poisson, pode-se mostrar que a distribuição da deviance se aproxima de uma distribuição ?2, mas tal aproximação não é boa para tamanhos pequenos de amostra. Para melhorar essa aproximação, alguns fatores de correção para os dados são sugeridos, mas os resultados obtidos ainda não são satisfatórios. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor um novo fator de correção para os dados seguindo uma distribuição de Poisson, de modo a se obter uma melhora na distribuição da deviance para qualquer tamanho de amostra. Para isto, será adicionada uma constante à variável resposta e, através do valor esperado da deviance, calcula-se tal constante de modo a reduzir o erro cometido na aproximação. Para verificar a melhora na aproximação da distribuição da deviance a uma distribuição qui-quadrado, dados de uma distribuição de Poisson são simulados e o valor da deviance é calculado. QQ-plots são construídos para a comparação com a distribuição qui-quadrado. / Analysis of count data presents, in general, can be supposed coming from a Poisson distribution. The analysis of such data have some problems once the underlying distribution of them does not follow the basic assumptions to fit a model. Some tranformations can be suggested, but good results are not always obtained. In the approach of the Generalized Linear Models, the deviance is the statistics that measures the goodness of fit, but its distribution is unknown. Furthermore, considering Poisson distribution data, it is possible to approximate the distribution of the deviance for a chi-square distribution, but such approximation is not good for small sample size. In order of improve this approximation, corrections for the data are suggested, but the results are not good yet. Then, the aim of this work is to propose a new correction factor for data following a Poisson distribution in order to obtain an improvement in the distribution of the deviance for any sample size. For this, just adding a constant at the response variable and, through the expected value of the deviance, such constant is obtained in order to reduce the error in the aproximation. Simulated data from the Poisson distribution were made to calculate the deviance with and without the correction and QQ-plots were used to compare the values of the deviance with the chi-square distribution.

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Using these books as a springboard, and Coleridge's Aids to Reflection as the most important primary source, this thesis will explore in depth the most pertinent matters of the Christian Faith as discussed by Coleridge, with particular reference to the role of emotion in his religious thought.

The problem with which this study is concerned is analysis of the criticism of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Kubla Khan." This poem, one of the poet's most widely anthologized poems, has been the subject of forty-five articles. The poem has also been treated extensively in a number of books. The criticism is divided into three categories: psychological, literary, and archetypal.

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Práce popisuje vývoj konceptu mekonomického očekávání od extrapolativního, přes adaptivní až po racionální, včetně modelů, v nichž byla tato očekávání použita. V druhé části je odvozen a popsán model, využívající právě racionální očekávání. Tento agregovaný makroekonomický model je pak aplikován na prostředí ČR. Je zde testován i samotný předpoklad racionálního očekávání, což je myšlenka novější, než samotný model.

Le décrochage de microparticules adhérant à une surface grâce aux écoulements se rencontre dans de multiples situations où le nettoyage minutieux ou sélectif de parois est crucial. Par exemple, l’industrie agroalimentaire rencontre des problèmes récurrents d’accrochage robuste de bactéries (microparticules) aux parois des lignes de production d’aliments comme le lait ou la viande. Dans cette thèse, l’utilisation d’un écoulement diphasique avec une interface fluide-fluide en complément d’un écoulement monophasique cisaillé a été considérée. L’interaction entre une interface liquide et une particule dépend principalement de l’énergie de surface totale. Elle correspond aux paramètres de mouillage et introduit une force supplémentaire qui peut contribuer à la force totale nécessaire pour le décrochement. Dans le cas d’un décrochement des microparticules et leur collecte par interface fluide-fluide, la stabilité de cette dernière se voit alors changer si sa surface n’est plus apte à accueillir davantage de particules. D’autre part, la dynamique d’une particule ellipsoïde, similaire à une spore, a été étudiée numériquement dans la seconde partie de cette thèse. L’étude a eu comme but de déterminer les conditions pour lesquelles une particule prés d’une paroi peut s’y approcher ou s’en éloigner. Dans la dernière partie nous avons étudié l’influence des conditions initiales et en particulier le séchage sur les forces nécessaires pour le décrochement des spores. / Food contamination due to pathogens and spoilage bacteria on surfaces of industrial equipment is a major issue that has not yet found a proper solution. Indeed, despite the set-up of cleaning and disinfection procedures, some bacteria (microparticles) are still commonly found on the surfaces of food processing lines. Traditionally, industrial cleaning procedures involve viscous stresses in a single-phase flow to remove spores from a surface. The present study investigates the use of two-phase flows for improving cleaning procedures. Such system has the advantage of involving interfacial forces that can aid in the removal of microparticles as long as certain wetting conditions are met. This would imply the detachment and collection of the microparticles by the fluid-fluid interface. This collection will in turn affect the dynamics of the interface if its surface is insufficient to accommodate all particles. With respect to viscous stresses in removing particles, a numerical code is developed to study the dynamics of ellipsoids near a solid surface in a shearing flow. The shape of the microparticles in the simulations is set to mimic the spores morphology. Finally, the study examines the effect of the initial environment on the ease of spores removal. In particular, the study investigates the drying conditions that spores undergo in an industrial environment before the cleaning procedures start.

An existing water channel facility at Texas A&M University is used to experimentally study a stratified, buoyant wake. A cylindrical obstruction placed at the centerline of a developing Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layer serves to disturb the equilibrium of the Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layer. The development of the near wake in the presence of unstable stratification is examined, in addition to the recovery of the buoyancy driven mixing layer. Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) is used to visualize the mixing layer / wake interactions, and qualitative observations of the behavior have been made. Also, quantitative measurements of velocity fluctuations and density fluctuations in the near wake have been obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a high resolution thermocouple system. These experimental measurements were used to investigate how the wake and buoyancy driven mixing layer interact. Finally, a mathematical model has been used to describe the decay of vertical velocity fluctuations in the near wake due to the effects of buoyancy.

Efter millenniumskiftet uppfattas det som närmast ”rätt” att moderna framtidsinriktade verksamheter, stora som små, bör arbeta med kvalitetsstyrning[1].  Åtgärder inom kvalitetsstyrning innebär att moderera och justera tillverkningsprocessen så att de producerade enheterna håller sig till en standard[2]. Företag ställs ständigt inför flera olika alternativ om hur de kan förändra sitt arbetssätt, och öppna sig för att ta till sig olika kvalitetshöjande koncept. Dessa ska leda till att organisationen och dess processer blir mer effektiva och produktiva, för att i sin tur sänka kostnader, maximera vinsten, bemöta kundernas efterfråga, och kunna leverera billigare produkter av högre kvalitet på ett snabbare och enklare sätt. Dessa koncept blir en förutsättning för att företag ska växa och kunna konkurrera på en allt mer konkurrenskraftig företagsmarknad. Motsvarande 10-30% av företagens kostnader beror på kvalitetsbrister (brister inom processerna på produktionen som har inverkan på tid, resultat och effektivitet). Det blir till slut ohållbart för företag som vill växa[3]. Företag tillämpar därför olika välkända koncept, såsom ”Scientific Management” för att höja sin kvalité. Detta examensarbete syftar till att kartlägga den norska livsmedelsproducentens Best Foods verksamhet i fabriken i Sandvika, Norge. Arbetet avser även att jämföra verksamheten med de principer som utgör Scientific Management. Uppsatsens datainsamling baserar sig på en fallstudie byggd på intervjuer med Best Foods ledning och anställda, samt på observationer i Best Foods lokaler. Vidare datainsamling har skett via relaterade internetsidor, artiklar samt litteratur. Vid fördjupade studier med berörda parter för datainsamling har mailkontakt använts. Slutsatsen visar att ledningen omedvetet arbetar efter flera av Scientific Management principer, det vill säga ledningen styr företaget enligt det som anses gynna företaget mest, vilket visar sig få stöd av många av Scientific Managements principer. [1] Røvik Kjell Arne (2000) [2] Bokföringstips [3] Sörqvist Lars (2001)