As a result of U.S. federal policy directives mandating inclusion, general education teachers in a rural elementary school in southern Maine were expected to be effective in working in inclusive classrooms with learners with diverse needs; however, teachers were meeting the mandates for inclusion but their students were not meeting the state's annual progress targets. The purpose of this project study was to explore teachers' perceptions of their readiness and needs for professional learning to work with diverse learners in the inclusive classroom. The research questions centered on teachers' beliefs, specific to their preparation and their needs and preferred mode for professional learning. The theoretical framework for this project research consisted of sociocultural and transformative learning theories. A qualitative case study approach was used in which teachers at the school completed online surveys and follow-up e-mail interviews. Twenty-seven of the school's 44 teachers participated in the study. Survey and interview responses were reviewed on a continuous basis during data collection and coded for emergent themes; open-ended data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis software. The key findings were that none of the participants believed they were unprepared for teaching in the inclusive classroom; however, the teachers provided key insights for professional learning related to the challenge of teaching diverse learners. The results of the study might offer guidance to school and district administrators on how to build the capacity of teachers to create classrooms where all learners can succeed and to reduce reliance on separate special instruction. Doing so could help promote social change in the culture of the school by encouraging respect and empathy among students to work together and celebrate their collective successes.

The present study used Nardi and O’Day’s (1999) information ecology theory, along with activity theory (Wertsch, 1998), social learning theory (Wenger, 1998), and situated learning theory (Lave, 2009; Lave & Wenger, 1991) to examine the informal professional learning of a high school social studies department. Existing literature is just beginning to attend to the potential of informal professional learning, so this exploratory study used a single-case study of a high school social studies department made up of 12 teachers. Data included observations of scheduled and spontaneous collaborative learning activities, department meetings, and in-service meetings; semi-structured interviews; and relevant documents to consider how high school social studies teacher participants navigate their own informal professional learning. Supporting research questions included: (1) How do high school social studies teacher participants choose what to do to individually and collectively meet their professional learning needs? (2) What actions do participants take to meet their professional learning needs individually and collectively? (3) How do participants evaluate their professional learning growth individually and collectively? (4) How do participants interact with one another and with the environment as they navigate their own professional learning? Results indicated that participants valued their informal professional learning experiences, engaged in reflection throughout their informal professional learning, were influenced by departmental leadership, and experienced successes and failures in their informal professional learning goals. The department’s informal professional learning was important but also imperfect. Further consideration of teachers’ informal professional learning may offer new ways to support teacher growth.

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本研究旨在瞭解國民中學校長分布式領導、教師專業社群學習與教師教學效能之現況，並分析不同背景變項之教師對於校長分布式領導、教師專業社群學習與教師教學效能知覺之差異情形，且探討三者之間的關係，最後則探討國民中學校長分布式領導、教師專業社群學習對教師教學效能之預測力。 本研究採問卷調查法，共計抽樣48所國民中學，發出445份問卷，回收423份有效問卷，問卷有效率達95.1%，問卷調查結果以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關及多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行統計分析。 本研究最後獲得以下結論： 一、國民中學教師知覺校長分布式領導為中高程度，以「校長專業自信與謙遜」之知覺程度為最高，「營造適當的變革時機」之知覺程度為最低。 二、國民中學教師知覺教師專業社群學習為中高程度，以「關注學生學習」之知覺程度為最高，「分享教學實務」之知覺程度為最低。 三、國民中學教師知覺教師教學效能為高等程度，以「教學氣氛」之知覺程度為最高，「教學策略」之知覺程度為最低。 四、國民中學教師，因年齡、擔任職務、學校地區、及學校規模之不同，在知覺校長分布式領導上有顯著差異。 五、國民中學教師，因性別、學校地區、及學校規模之不同，在知覺教師專業社群學習上有顯著差異。 六、國民中學教師，因性別、擔任職務、及服務年資之不同，在知覺教師教學效能上有顯著差異。 七、國民中學校長分布式領導、教師專業社群學習與教師教學效能整體及各層面，彼此之間具有正相關的關係。 八、國民中學校長分布式領導、教師專業社群學習對教師教學效能具有預測作用，以「教師專業社群學習」的預測力最佳。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the current development of principals’ distributed leadership, teachers’ professional learning community, and teachers’ teaching effectiveness in junior high schools, and to analyze the difference between teachers of different background variables, and to explore the relationship among the three variables. This study has aimed to predict teachers’ teaching effectiveness through principals’ distributed leadership and teachers' professional learning community. Through the use of questionnaire survey method, data were collected from 48 junior high schools, distributing 445 questionnaires in total. Valid questionnaires of 423 were collected, with a usable rate of 95.1%. All data were analyzed by the methods of descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. Junior high school teachers’ perception of principals’ distributed leadership is above average, in which the dimension “principals’ self-confidence and modesty” was the highest, and “construction of a proper turning point” was the lowest. 2. Junior high school teachers’ perception of teacher professional learning community is above average, in which the dimension “focusing on students’ learning” was the highest, and “sharing teaching practices” was the lowest. 3. Junior high school teachers’ perception of teachers’ teaching effectiveness is above average, in which the dimension “teaching environment” was the highest, and “teaching strategy” was the lowest. 4. There are significant differences in the junior high school teachers’ perception of principals’ distributed leadership in terms of age, position, location of school, and scale of school. 5. There are significant differences in the junior high school teachers’ perception of teacher professional learning community in terms of gender, location of school, and scale of school. 6. There are significant differences in the junior high school teachers’ perception of teachers’ teaching effectiveness in terms of gender, position, and years of service. 7. There is a positive correlation among the principals’ distributed leadership, teacher professional learning community, and teachers’ teaching effectiveness. 8. Principals’ distributed leadership and teacher professional learning community have a predictive effect on teachers’ teaching effectiveness.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2724.pdf: 981480 bytes, checksum: 0fcfd8e8fcd0b221be07042ad090330e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-04 / Esse estudo resultou de uma investigação qualitativa sobre o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) e sua importância na constituição de um viés dos processos de aprender a ensinar por meio do percurso formativo vivido por alunos do sexto termo do curso de Pedagogia na Universidade Federal de São Carlos. O questionamento que norteou essa pesquisa foi: Quais as contribuições do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado para a formação inicial docente na visão de um grupo de futuros professores, alunos de curso de Pedagogia? O objetivo geral buscou a descrição e análise de aspectos referentes aos processos de aprender a ensinar no decorrer do ECS, de maneira mais específica: as relações entre as experiências do curso de graduação e o estágio supervisionado; as possibilidades e limitações do estágio na aprendizagem de habilidades, atitudes e conhecimentos da docência; aspectos relevantes da formação profissional docente destacados a partir do ECS; as expectativas, as dificuldades, os dilemas, os desafios e conflitos vivenciados durante o ECS, suas formas de enfrentamento e análise e por fim, as impressões e concepções, percebidas no ECS sobre a ação do professor na sala de aula e sobre sua futura ação como docente nesse contexto. Assim, o referencial teórico dessa pesquisa foi constituído por meio das leituras e reflexões realizadas durante o delineamento desse estudo, buscando evidenciar a formação inicial de professores realizando um breve apanhado histórico, além de discutir um pouco das mudanças sociais as quais temos vivenciado e a maneira como elas influenciam a formação docente. Nesse sentido, trouxe também uma discussão sobre o estágio, uma breve contextualização histórica e seu papel na formação de professores. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário de caracterização dos sujeitos, diários de campo, relatório e entrevista com os futuros professores. Dessa maneira, os dados foram analisados à luz da teoria estudada, refletindo sobre as contribuições do ECS para a aprendizagem de aspectos da docência. Por fim, foi possível perceber que o estágio, segundo os futuros professores, contribui de maneira significativa para visualizarem a ação do professor e sua futura ação no contexto escolar, assim como para a aprendizagem de características peculiares da docência. O ECS pode ser melhor estruturado fornecendo assim melhores condições para que os futuros professores percebam e compreendam a função para a qual estão sendo formados.

本研究旨在建構並驗證高中職學校分布式領導、教師專業社群與學校創新經營效能之模式，並比較不同教師背景變項及學校環境變項的差異，依據研究所得結論，分別對教育行政機關、學校及教師提出建議，以做為推展校長分布式領導、促進教師專業社群運作，及提升學校創新經營效能之參考。 本研究使用問卷調查法，以單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸、結構方程模式等統計方法，探討高中職學校分布式領導、教師專業社群與學校創新經營效能之關係及模式驗證。透過文獻的蒐集與探討，提出本研究的研究架構和徑路關係模式圖。研究對象為國立高中職學校995 位教師；研究工具為研究者自編之校長分布式領導、教師專業社群與學校創新經營效能關係之調查問卷。 經由統計分析與討論，本研究獲得以下結論： 一、教師對校長分布式領導、教師專業社群與學校創新經營效能的知覺是正向的。 二、部分教師背景變項與學校環境變項的教師對校長分布式領導、教師專業社群與學校創新經營效能的知覺具有顯著差異。 三、校長分布式領導、教師專業社群與學校創新經營效能三者之間具有關聯性。 四、校長分布式領導、教師專業社群對學校創新經營效能均具有預測力。 五、本研究所建構的結構模式具有良好的適配度，校長分布式領導、教師專業社群對學校創新經營效能均具有顯著直接效果。 關鍵詞：分布式領導、教師專業社群、學校創新經營效能