Current research and anecdotal evidence has suggested that students enrolled in the QSA (Queensland Studies Authority) subject for Year 11 and Year 12, Study of Religion, as outlined in the Senior Syllabus for Study of Religion, are experiencing difficulties in meaning-making. This may be due to particular methodologies being employed to teach the subject to secondary students (Barnes, 2001; Flood, 1999; Kay, 1997). The purpose of this research was to explore the connection between student difficulty in meaning making in Study of Religion and the employment of phenomenological methodologies as a pedagogical tool for teaching Study of Religion. It was anticipated that this study would illuminate the nature of the relationship between these two variables and provide a framework for the consideration of possible changes to current methodologies being employed in the Study of Religion classroom. The researcher adopted a case-study approach and further utilized the research methods of a survey questionnaire and a focus group to collect data. A cross-sectional survey at a Catholic co-educational College was completed. Forty-five students from a Study of Religion cohort totalling ninety were surveyed at this College. This was followed up by a focus group discussion involving five of the original forty-five students surveyed. The participants furnished a range of valuable insights in regard to the connection between student difficulty in meaning-making and the employment of largely phenomenological methodologies in teaching Study of Religion. Data analysis revealed that students enrolled in Study of Religion in Year 12 are struggling to construct meaning when phenomenological methodologies are predominantly employed. This is arguably a result of phenomenological methodologies having their provenance within a modernist paradigm. Consequently, methodologies that once assisted students to make meaning effectively in a modern context are unable to continue to do so in a post-modern context. This may be due to paradigmatic shifts in Education, Philosophy and Religious Studies.

This paper reports on the findings of the research in which an evaluation of the Kha Ri Gude Mass Literacy Campaign was conducted at five different learning centers in Tshwane. The campaign was initiated as a result of the observation that“… South Africa’s system of Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) is not reducing the number of illiterates in spite of the constitutional right of all South Africans to basic education in their own language” (Ministerial Committee on Literacy, 2007: 5). Furthermore, studies have shown that illiteracy especially among black South Africans is not going down. This is thus preventing affected people from contributing effectively and meaningfully to the social economic and political life of the new democratic SouthAfrica. The evaluation was to inter alia assess how the problem of illiteracy was being addressed in light of the campaign’s focus of using mother tongue as a way of enhancing the learning process. Data collection instruments included questionnaires that were completed by coordinators, supervisors, and volunteer educators involved in the campaign. Class observations were carried out on the learning process in order to establish the degree to which mother tongue instruction made it easier for the learners to among others participate effectively and meaningfully during the learning process and assess how different volunteer educators’ different teaching methodologies impacted on the performance of the learners. Preliminary results indicate that mother tongue teaching greatly enhances learner participation and understanding. It is therefore recommended that efforts to conscientize people about the benefits of using mother tongue when teaching be done so that all people can be able to reap its benefits.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-08T14:56:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGSL.pdf: 9005052 bytes, checksum: d9b619f58dbd479ce4480f95d118e9f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T17:19:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGSL.pdf: 9005052 bytes, checksum: d9b619f58dbd479ce4480f95d118e9f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T17:19:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGSL.pdf: 9005052 bytes, checksum: d9b619f58dbd479ce4480f95d118e9f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T17:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGSL.pdf: 9005052 bytes, checksum: d9b619f58dbd479ce4480f95d118e9f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Não recebi financiamento / The aim of this work is to discuss whether the lessons of Technological Experience, taught students of elementary school, the network of Industry Social Service SESI São Paulo / SP, is a pedagogical strategy that helps students in school literacy and digital autonomy . It is noticeable trend of increasingly frequent use of computers and other technology in school education, therefore, Technological Experience has been deployed in the network to enhance the teaching and methodological aspects of teaching and learning. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the dynamics of this moment of "Technology Experience," which received the grant from the constructivist theory, and whether the classes in the Computer Lab and assemblies and programs in Science and Technology Laboratory, with the blocks assembly, contributing to the achievement of teaching methodologies related to the development of thinking, reasoning, problem solving, the reading and writing practices. We will use mainly as a theoretical framework, related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the authors: Belloni (2009), Kenski (0000), Levy (1993), Papert (2008), Valente (1998) that address the interaction technology with society. To the field of literacy and literacy, we will use the Blacksmith's research (2001), Kleiman (1995), Miller (2010) and Smith (2007). We opted for the research methodology, Case Study for the development of objectives, which adopted the semi-structured interviews, participant observation and document analysis (LUDKE; ANDRÉ, 2012), involving two teachers from SESI network / SP, a the first year of elementary school and one of the room "Technological Vivencia" it is formed of educational computing area, working as an IT support analyst. The research sought to understand the relationship between the two professionals, identifying the link between the educational material, computer classes and regular classes in the classroom the first year. This work enabled the deepening of characteristics, evaluating the quality of the relationship and socialization between these two spheres training for the student's first year of elementary school, identifying the methodological procedures and also investigate the professionalization of educational agents and their training. / O objetivo desta dissertação é discutir se as aulas de Vivência Tecnológica, ministradas aos alunos do Ensino Fundamental I, da rede do Serviço Social da Indústria de São Paulo SESI/SP, é uma estratégia pedagógica que auxilia os docentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem e os alunos na autonomia digital. É notória a tendência do uso cada vez mais frequente de computadores e outras tecnologias na educação escolar, por este motivo, a Vivência Tecnológica foi implantada na rede para potencializar os aspectos didáticos e metodológicos para o ensino e aprendizagem. Por essa razão, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a dinâmica deste momento de “Vivência Tecnológica”, que recebe o subsídio da teoria construtivista e contribuições de duas profissionais, verificar se as aulas no Laboratório de Informática e as montagens e programações no Laboratório de Ciências e Tecnologias, com os recursos de blocos de montagem, contribuem para uma abordagem metodológica de ensino relacionada ao desenvolvimento do pensar, do raciocinar, da resolução de problemas, das práticas de leitura e escrita, e se pode ser referenciada como estratégia pedagógica. Utilizaremos, principalmente, como referencial teórico, relacionado à Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), os autores: Belloni (2009), Kenski (2000), Lévy (1993), Papert (2008), Valente (1998) que abordam a interação tecnologia com a sociedade. Para o campo da alfabetização e do letramento, recorreremos à pesquisa de Ferreiro (2001), Kleiman (1995), Monteiro (2010) e Soares (2007). Optou-se pela metodologia de pesquisa, “Estudo de Caso”, para o desenvolvimento dos objetivos, que adotou a entrevista semi-estruturada, observação participante e análise de documentos (LUDKE; ANDRÉ, 2012), envolvendo duas professoras da rede SESI/SP, uma do primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental e outra da sala “Vivência Tecnológica”, cuja formação é da área de informática educativa, atuando como analista de suporte em informática. A pesquisa buscou o entendimento das relações entre as duas colaboradoras, identificando a articulação entre o material de ensino, as aulas de informática e as aulas regulares na sala de aula do primeiro ano. Este trabalho possibilitou o aprofundamento das características utilizadas, avaliando a qualidade da relação e socialização entre estas duas esferas formativas para o aluno do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental, identificando os procedimentos metodológicos e ainda, investigar a profissionalização dos agentes educacionais assim como sua formação.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:10:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1200401 bytes, checksum: d6f952abb0758d52c385ea91b2a082ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis conducted an exploratory study at a state school for elementary and high school in the city of Sao Jose de Piranhas Collection. His goal was to investigate the teaching methodologies used by teachers who teach in the discipline of mathematics in the 1st year of high school, setting the related processes do school. The specific aims were: a brief history of mathematics education in Brazil; place the mathematics tier and map the teaching of mathematics in the classroom. We conducted a field study and used as data collection, classroom observations and interviews with teachers who teach the discipline of mathematics, through semi-structured. The study investigated the fact that mathematics, although it is present in every moment of life of the student, has been over the years, one of the disciplines most feared by the Brazilian school students, high rates of school failure and school contrast between the mathematics that is taught in school and mathematics that students practice in their day to day. The results show that there are several factors that contribute to learning difficulties in mathematics, among them reveals the deskilling of teachers, lack of infrastructure and poor basic school curriculum of high school students, with regard to their level basic knowledge, which reveals low compared to the mathematical content. The initiatives in adopting new paradigms, like a restudy of the school's philosophy, the evolution of conceptions about learning from the renewal of curricula and the way of teaching are in construction stage, expected to be effective change, even the medium term. / Esta dissertação realizou um estudo exploratório numa escola estadual de ensino fundamental e médio na cidade de São José de Piranhas, Paraíba. Seu objetivo foi investigar as metodologias de ensino utilizadas pelos professores que lecionam na disciplina de matemática nas 1as séries do ensino médio, configurando os processos relacionados ao fazer escolar. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa foram: fazer um breve histórico do ensino da matemática no Brasil; situar a matemática em nível metodológico e mapear o ensino de matemática no cotidiano escolar. Foi realizado um estudo de campo e empregou, como de coleta de dados, observações em sala de aulas e entrevistas com os professores que ensinam a disciplina de matemática, através de roteiros semi-estruturados. A pesquisa investigou o fato de que, a matemática, embora esteja presente em todos os momentos da vida do educando, tem sido no decorrer dos anos, uma das disciplinas mais temida pelos alunos da escola brasileira; os altos índices de reprovação e evasão escolar e a contraposição existente entre a matemática que se ensina na escola e a matemática que o aluno pratica no seu dia a dia. Os resultados mostram que são vários os fatores que contribuem para a dificuldade de aprendizagem em matemática, entre eles, revela a desqualificação profissional dos professores, a falta de estrutura escolar e a deficiente base curricular dos alunos do ensino médio, no que diz respeito ao seu nível de conhecimento básico, que se revela baixo em relação aos conteúdos matemáticos. As iniciativas em se adotar novos paradigmas, a exemplo de um reestudo da filosofia da escola, pela evolução das concepções sobre o aprender a partir da renovação dos currículos e da maneira de se ensinar se encontram em estágio de construção, com previsão de mudanças efetivas, ainda que a médio prazo.

Die Bedeutsamkeit einer Sprache kann sowohl anhand ihres Gebrauchs als auch anhand der Bedürfnisse einer Gesellschaft gemessen werden. Wenn wir die arabische Sprache in der pakistanischen Gesellschaft betrachten, ist dies anhand mehrerer Aspekte feststellbar. Basierend auf der Bevölkerungsmehrheit ist der Islam ist die offizielle Religion Pakistans und entsprechend beruht auf ihm auch die Verfassung. Die arabische Sprache hingegen stellt das wichtigste Mittel dar, um den Islam und seine Lehren zu verstehen. Dadurch stellt sie einen wichtigen Teil des pakistanischen Bildungswesens und des alltäglichen Lebens dar. Beobachten kann man dies beispielsweise bei Geburten, Bestattungen oder Hochzeiten, wo sich zur vollständigen Umsetzung des jeweiligen Ereignisses bzw. Ritus arabischer Floskeln bedient werden. Es ist bekannt, dass der arabische Gebetsruf, der ʾAḏān, das Erste ist, das einem Neugeborenen ins Ohr geflüstert wird. Alsdann wird dem Kind ein arabischer Name gegeben und sobald es anfängt zu sprechen, versucht die Familie ihm Worte wie Allāh, Muḥammad und Rasūl beizubringen. Auf dem Gebiet der Bildung wird einem muslimischen Kind üblicherweise das arabische Alphabet gelehrt, bis es in die Schule eintritt. Danach lernt es, wie man den Koran rezitiert, um sich bestimmte Verse einzuprägen und zu beten. Die Kombination all dieser Bräuche erzeugt eine starke Verbindung zwischen Muslimen und der arabischen Sprache. Die Briten erreichten den indischen Subkontinent anfänglich als Unternehmer und nicht als Herrscher. Allmählich begannen sie allerdings, sich in lokale politische Angelegenheiten einzumischen, bis sie schließlich die gesamte Region übernahmen. Anschließend veränderten sie die religionspolitische, soziale und bildungstechnische Landschaft der Muslime auf dem Subkontinent. Hinsichtlich der Bildungspolitik war es somit Macaulay (1800-1859), der die Muslime in ihrem Heimatland, in dem sie bereits 1000 Jahre gelebt hatten, zu Bürgern zweiter Klasse machte. Auf Basis dieser Politik wurde das traditionelle islamische Bildungswesen für ungültig erklärt und Kenntnisse der englischen Sprache wurden zur Voraussetzung zur Erlangung eines Berufs. Als Folge dessen wehrten sich einige Muslime hart gegen dieses neue Bildungssystem. Andere blieben gleichgültig gegenüber der Politik, während einige wiederum überzeugt waren, dass es zu den notwendigen Erfordernissen der damaligen Zeit gehöre, die englische Sprache zu lernen. Aufgrund ihrer Gespaltenheit, können wir zwei Gruppen entwerfen: Die Gegner des Bildungssystems (darunter die traditionellen muslimischen Gelehrten) sowie die Befürworter (Sir Sayyid Aḥmad Khan [1817-1898] und seine Anhänger). Sir Sayyid Aḥmad Khan reformierte die muslimische Gesellschaft und gründete neue Schulen und Universitäten, wie z.B. das Muḥammadan College (1875 AD), das Aligarh College, und die Scientific Society of Aligarh, um auf die neuen Wissenschaften aufmerksam und machen und diese zu vermitteln. Dahingegen eröffneten die ʿUlamāʾ eine Reihe neuer Medresen, weil sie dachten, dass ein Wiederaufleben der islamischen Wissenschaften und der arabischen Sprache der Schlüssel zum Erfolg der Muslime sei. Als Erwiderung auf diese Gruppen entstand schließlich auch eine dritte Gruppe, die die Reformgesellschaft Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama (1898) begründete und der Ansicht war, dass beide Ansätze zur Prosperität der Muslime beitragen würden. Seitdem Beginn dieser Debatte bis in unsere heutige Zeit hat sich das muslimische Bildungssystem in zwei Gruppen geteilt: Religiöse und nichtreligiöse Ausbildung. Diese Unterteilung basiert freilich auf der Idee des Säkularismus, wonach religiöse und wissenschaftliche Lehre zwei gänzlich verschiedene Bereiche sind, die einander ausschließen. Die britischen Herrscher etablierten neue Richtlinien im Bildungswesen, um die Muslime von ihren religiösen, erzieherischen, ethischen und kulturellen Werten abzubringen und auf sie das britische Verständnis von „Zivilisation“ zu projizieren. Die muslimischen religiösen Institute hingegen beruhten auf religiösen Wissenschaften, wie der Lehre von Qurʾān und Sunna, die mittels der arabischen Sprache gelehrt wurden. Abgesehen von der Einleitung sowie dem Schlusswort unterteilt sich diese Untersuchung in fünf Kapitel. Der erste Teil untersucht die Schritte und Phasen, die die arabische Sprache durchlaufen hat. Dabei widmet es sich der Geschichte der arabischen Sprache auf dem indischen Subkontinent von ihren Anfängen bis zur Teilung der Region in Indien und Pakistan 1947. Es wird außerdem erläutert, welchen Einfluss die Sprache auf Gesellschaft und Kultur hatte und wie es um ihren offiziellen Status während der verschiedenen Herrschaftsepochen bestellt war. Das zweite Kapitel unterteilt sich in zwei Bereiche. Zuerst wird eine kurze Einführung zum Land Pakistan und seiner Kultur sowie verschiedenen Sprachen gegeben. Danach wird das Bildungssystem erklärt, wie es aufgeteilt ist und welche Rolle die arabische Sprache und Literatur darin einnimmt. Das dritte Kapitel untersucht die Geschichte und Aufbau der Medresen in der Region vor und nach der Teilung des Landes. Begonnen wird dieses Thema anhand der ersten Medrese bis schließlich die modernen religiösen Institute, Stiftungen und Gremien Pakistans genauer betrachtet werden. Auch der schulinterne Lebensstil, die Gebäudeausstattung, Finanzen und Leistungsangebote an die Gesellschaft werden hier unter Augenschein genommen. Der vierte Bereich prüft intensiv den kompletten Curriculum fünf religiöser Schulgremien. Die folgenden Gremien werden hierbei vorgestellt und ihre Lehrmethodologien erläutert: • Wifaq al-Madaris al-Arabiyya Pakistan • Tanzeem-ul-Madaris Ahl-e-Sunnat • Wifaq al-Madaris al-Salafiyya • Rabta-tul-Madaris al-Islamiyyah • Wifaq al-Madaris al-Shia Pakistan Das fünfte Kapitel analysiert alle fünf Gremien statistisch und es wird ein vollständiger Überblick zu Büchern, Lehrthemen und anderen Unterrichtsmaterialien gegeben. Die Ergebnisse, z.B. zum Anteil gleicher und verschiedener Bücher sowie Themen, werden in Form von Tabellen und Diagrammen dargestellt. Am Ende wird die Schlussfolgerung sämtliche Punkte und Fragen dieser Forschungsarbeit noch einmal ausführlich zusammenfassen.

It has long been accepted by science education research that science inquiry in the classroom is essential to the development of a deep understanding of the nature of science and the world around us. In an effort to understand the relationship between science inquiry, science process skills, the nature of science and science and engineering fairs, this mixed methods study qualitatively explores teaching strategies of exemplary science and engineering teachers (N=6) who mentored several International Science and Engineering Fair finalists within a 10 year period (2004-2014). The quantitative portion of this research explored the relationship between science fair participation and academic achievement. Using the theoretical framework of modern expectancy-value theory, 5 themes emerged. All believed: 1) there is intrinsic value in science inquiry and science fair; 2) all included strategic engagement opportunities for students; 3) intrinsic value and motivation potentially lead to increased academic aptitude; 4) the benefits of science inquiry and science fair outweigh costs; and 5) there is a link between intrinsic value in science and engineering fair and utility value. Of the schools (N=31) identified for the quantitative study, demographic analysis (gender, ethnicity, socio-economic statics, and size of school) narrowed to 8 treatment schools with one control school indicated no statistical relationship between academic performance on a standardized state science examination and science fair participation. An ad hoc study indicated the standardized testing instrument was not an adequate measurement of the level of inquiry included in a science and engineering fair project. In conclusion, a list comprised of exemplary science and engineering fair suggestions was formulated to include descriptions of similar teaching strategies or issues among the exemplary science and engineering fair teachers with intentions of increasing science inquiry or the nature of science in the classroom through the science and engineering fair framework.

Master of Science / Department of Special Education, Counseling, and Student Affairs / Christy Craft / This master’s report is a study of current textbook trends within higher education. The report looks at multiple methods of textbook delivery for faculty members within the higher education community. The report further investigates a new textbook paradigm created by faculty members at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. The author of this report has spent several years researching textbook trends and has presented on this topic on several occasions. By analyzing some qualitative data collected at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, the author will provide a partial evaluation of the CoreTxtPlus® paradigm and offer suggestions to future faculty members looking for an innovative way to provide course content to their students.

O aprendizado de cirurgia envolve inicialmente um conhecimento teórico seguido de um treinamento prático do aluno. Atividades em laboratório permitem ao aluno conhecer o instrumental cirúrgico e as dificuldades de técnica operatória antes de executar os procedimentos na clínica. Várias metodologias têm sido propostas no processo ensino-aprendizagem de cirurgia, mas tão importante quanto o método de ensino é a avaliação do aprendizado e a competência do aluno. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar três métodos diferentes de ensino de técnica cirúrgica, através de avaliações práticas utilizando um modelo que permite as manobras de incisão, divulsão e sutura. Trinta alunos sem conhecimento ou experiência prévia em cirurgia foram divididos em três grupos onde uma estratégia de ensinoaprendizagem diferente foi empregada: Grupo 1 - metodologia ativa, Grupo 2 - leitura prévia de texto e Grupo 3 - leitura prévia de texto com demonstração em vídeo. O conteúdo programático foi o mesmo para todos os grupos. Ao término dessa atividade, todos realizaram o procedimento estudado no modelo; os itens avaliados seguiram um checklist computando S para questões corretas e N para erradas e transformadas em notas de zero a dez. A avaliação no modelo foi repetida em 30 e 60 dias. Para verificar a diferença entre as médias das notas nos grupos foram aplicados procedimentos de análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparação múltipla pelo método de Tukey (nível de significância = 0,05). Os dados mostraram que a metodologia ativa (Grupo 1) apresentou melhores resultados com relação à assimilação imediata do conhecimento, seguida da que utilizou texto e vídeo (p=0,0004) e, por último, a leitura do texto (p=0,0001). Entretanto, essa metodologia também não foi totalmente efetiva na retenção do aprendizado da técnica. Baseado nas condições desse estudo, podemos concluir que apesar da metodologia ativa alcançar melhor desempenho inicial em relação às outras em todas as etapas, as três estratégias foram similares na manutenção do que foi aprendido em procedimentos cirúrgicos básicos após 60 dias. Repetições durante o aprendizado de habilidades manuais são essenciais para assimilação adequada. Avaliações constantes são fundamentais para conferir a evolução do aprendizado, permitindo reforço teórico e repetições do treinamento das habilidades práticas e direcionando para o tipo de metodologia mais indicada no momento. / Surgical learning initially involves theory understanding followed by surgical practice training. Laboratories activities allow the students introduction to special instruments and comprehension of operative technical difficulties before the use and execution on clinical working. Many methodologies have been proposed in teaching and learning of surgery practice but assessment of learning skills and abilities gained by the student is imperative. The present study was proposed to compare three different methodologies of teaching a basic surgical technique through a practical assessment employing a learning model that allows incision, divulsion and suture procedures. Thirty undergraduate students without any knowledge or previous surgical experience were divided in three groups (n=10) each one received a singular methodological learning strategy: Group 1 - interactive methodology, Group 2 - text reading only and Group 3 - text reading and demonstration video. Programmatic issue was the same for all groups. After matter and technical procedures were instructed by one of the strategies apprentices were allowed to execute in the learning model the procedure studied. A structured evaluation test taking to account correct or incorrect maneuvers was applied by a trained observer. Grades from 0-10 were given in each examination. Evaluation trial was repeated 30 and 60 days after the first class. Data from grades media between groups and periods were considering for statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey method (significant level = 0,05). The results showed that interactive methodology (Group 1) presented the best significant learning results in view of the immediately assimilation of procedure comprehension compared to group 3 (p=0,0004) that has used text reading and video and to group 2 (p=0,0001) that had read only the text. However, interactive methodology was not totally effective on maintenance of the learning skills. Based on the controlled conditions of this study, it was also possible to conclude that despite the fact that interactive learning methodology had demonstrated better initial learning results, the three strategies were similar on absorption of basic surgery procedures knowledge after 60 days. Repetition on learning a new manual ability is essential for assimilation. Evaluation tests to assess learning evolution are fundamental to check teaching strategies and to permit theory feedbacks and proficiency learning.

A inclusão de estudantes surdos nas escolas da rede pública estadual, prevista em legislação, está crescendo e dando origem a um novo cenário educacional. A presença de tradutor/intérprete de Língua Brasileira de Sinais nas salas de aula, para auxiliar na comunicação do estudante surdo com seus professores e com os demais colegas da turma é um aspecto visível de transformação. No entanto, o que precisa ser compreendido é que o intérprete atua como intermediário no processo de ensino e aprendizagem e que, a sua presença por si só, não garante o processo de inclusão e de aprendizagem dos surdos. Isso porque a educação inclusiva é complexa e relativa, dependendo muito da atuação ética dos profissionais envolvidos com a realidade escolar e do grau de alfabetização dos surdos em LIBRAS e na escrita da Língua Portuguesa. Ter um estudante surdo no Ensino Médio Politécnico e, de imediato, poder contar com um intérprete favorece a inclusão e facilita o contato com as disciplinas. Mas quando se trata da disciplina de química, considerada abstrata e de difícil entendimento pela maioria dos estudantes de ensino médio, como o estudante surdo, o intérprete e o professor necessitam agir para conseguir dar conta da inclusão e da aprendizagem da Ciência Química, ambas complexas e distantes Essa realidade escolar experienciada pela professora-pesquisadora deste estudo instigou uma mudança de atuação docente em prol de investigações sobre a constituição do sujeito surdo, da Língua Brasileira de Sinais, do profissional intérprete de LIBRAS e, a mais importante delas, como desenvolver um ensino de química para estudantes surdos de uma maneira que despertasse o interesse dos mesmos em aprendê-la. Missão essa desafiadora e, ao mesmo tempo, propulsora de uma pesquisa de pós-graduação em nível de mestrado, a qual buscou entender e refletir um pouco mais sobre a vivência diária na educação básica. Diante disso, adotou-se a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica com o intuito de conhecer aspectos da cultura e da identidade surda, da Língua Brasileira de Sinais e das legislações que norteiam a educação inclusiva para entender como ocorre a inserção do sujeito surdo nas escolas da rede pública estadual. Também, utilizando uma adaptação da proposta de situação de estudo, elaborou-se um projeto de pesquisa com atividades práticas que visam relacionar conceitos químicos com o cotidiano dos estudantes surdos. Para desenvolver essa metodologia escolheu-se a temática da adulteração do leite, situação problema presente na comunidade escolar investigada e rica em conceitos químicos. / The inclusion of deaf students in state public schools, foreseen in law, is growing and giving rise to a new educational scene. The presence of a translator/interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language in the classroom to assist in communication of the deaf students with their teachers and with other classmates is a visible aspect of transformation. However, what needs to be understood is that the interpreter acts as an intermediary in the process of teaching and learning and that his presence alone doesn‟t guarantee the inclusion process and learning of deaf students. This is because the inclusive education is complex and relative, depending largely on ethical performance of professionals involved with the school reality and level of literacy of the deaf in LIBRAS and writing of the Portuguese language. Having a deaf student at the Polytechnic High School and, immediately, able to rely on an interpreter promotes the inclusion and facilitates contact with the subjects. But when it is the subject of Chemistry, considered abstract and hard to understand by most of high school students, how the deaf student, the interpreter and the teacher need to act to get to realize the inclusion and Chemical Science learning, both complex and distant This school reality, experienced by the teacherresearcher of this study, instigate a change in teaching practice for the benefit of investigations of the constitution of the deaf person, the Brazilian Sign Language, the LIBRAS professional interpreter and, the most important of them, how to develop a teaching chemistry for deaf students in a way that arouses the interest of the same in learning it. This mission is challenging and the same time, driving a post-graduate research at the master's level, which aimed to understand and reflect a little more about the daily life in basic education. Therefore, we adopted the bibliographical research methodology in order to know aspects of culture and deaf identity, the Brazilian Sign Language and of the laws that guide inclusive education to understand how the insertion of the deaf subject occurs in the state public schools. Also, using an adaptation of the proposed study situation, a research project was created with practical activities that aim at relating chemical concepts to the daily lives of deaf students. To develop this methodology was chosen the theme of milk adulteration, this problem situation in the school community investigated and rich in chemical concepts. To develop this methodology was chosen the theme of milk adulteration, present problem situation in the school community investigated and rich in chemical concepts.

O aprendizado de cirurgia envolve inicialmente um conhecimento teórico seguido de um treinamento prático do aluno. Atividades em laboratório permitem ao aluno conhecer o instrumental cirúrgico e as dificuldades de técnica operatória antes de executar os procedimentos na clínica. Várias metodologias têm sido propostas no processo ensino-aprendizagem de cirurgia, mas tão importante quanto o método de ensino é a avaliação do aprendizado e a competência do aluno. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar três métodos diferentes de ensino de técnica cirúrgica, através de avaliações práticas utilizando um modelo que permite as manobras de incisão, divulsão e sutura. Trinta alunos sem conhecimento ou experiência prévia em cirurgia foram divididos em três grupos onde uma estratégia de ensinoaprendizagem diferente foi empregada: Grupo 1 - metodologia ativa, Grupo 2 - leitura prévia de texto e Grupo 3 - leitura prévia de texto com demonstração em vídeo. O conteúdo programático foi o mesmo para todos os grupos. Ao término dessa atividade, todos realizaram o procedimento estudado no modelo; os itens avaliados seguiram um checklist computando S para questões corretas e N para erradas e transformadas em notas de zero a dez. A avaliação no modelo foi repetida em 30 e 60 dias. Para verificar a diferença entre as médias das notas nos grupos foram aplicados procedimentos de análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparação múltipla pelo método de Tukey (nível de significância = 0,05). Os dados mostraram que a metodologia ativa (Grupo 1) apresentou melhores resultados com relação à assimilação imediata do conhecimento, seguida da que utilizou texto e vídeo (p=0,0004) e, por último, a leitura do texto (p=0,0001). Entretanto, essa metodologia também não foi totalmente efetiva na retenção do aprendizado da técnica. Baseado nas condições desse estudo, podemos concluir que apesar da metodologia ativa alcançar melhor desempenho inicial em relação às outras em todas as etapas, as três estratégias foram similares na manutenção do que foi aprendido em procedimentos cirúrgicos básicos após 60 dias. Repetições durante o aprendizado de habilidades manuais são essenciais para assimilação adequada. Avaliações constantes são fundamentais para conferir a evolução do aprendizado, permitindo reforço teórico e repetições do treinamento das habilidades práticas e direcionando para o tipo de metodologia mais indicada no momento. / Surgical learning initially involves theory understanding followed by surgical practice training. Laboratories activities allow the students introduction to special instruments and comprehension of operative technical difficulties before the use and execution on clinical working. Many methodologies have been proposed in teaching and learning of surgery practice but assessment of learning skills and abilities gained by the student is imperative. The present study was proposed to compare three different methodologies of teaching a basic surgical technique through a practical assessment employing a learning model that allows incision, divulsion and suture procedures. Thirty undergraduate students without any knowledge or previous surgical experience were divided in three groups (n=10) each one received a singular methodological learning strategy: Group 1 - interactive methodology, Group 2 - text reading only and Group 3 - text reading and demonstration video. Programmatic issue was the same for all groups. After matter and technical procedures were instructed by one of the strategies apprentices were allowed to execute in the learning model the procedure studied. A structured evaluation test taking to account correct or incorrect maneuvers was applied by a trained observer. Grades from 0-10 were given in each examination. Evaluation trial was repeated 30 and 60 days after the first class. Data from grades media between groups and periods were considering for statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey method (significant level = 0,05). The results showed that interactive methodology (Group 1) presented the best significant learning results in view of the immediately assimilation of procedure comprehension compared to group 3 (p=0,0004) that has used text reading and video and to group 2 (p=0,0001) that had read only the text. However, interactive methodology was not totally effective on maintenance of the learning skills. Based on the controlled conditions of this study, it was also possible to conclude that despite the fact that interactive learning methodology had demonstrated better initial learning results, the three strategies were similar on absorption of basic surgery procedures knowledge after 60 days. Repetition on learning a new manual ability is essential for assimilation. Evaluation tests to assess learning evolution are fundamental to check teaching strategies and to permit theory feedbacks and proficiency learning.