Cette étude se propose de mesurer la performance, l’efficience et la concurrence des banques islamiques et conventionnelles dans la région de MENA et ses déterminants. Nous utilisons à cet effet le ROAA et ROAE pour appréhender la rentabilité globale et la méthode de l’enveloppement des données (DEA) et la méthode de l’analyse de la frontière stochastique (SFA) pour calculer les scores d’efficacité technique. Les résultats révèlent des évolutions semblables des deux types de mesure de performance. L’analyse par catégorie de banques révèle que les banques conventionnelles sont plus performantes que les banques islamiques. Malgré les changements technologiques qu’a connu le système bancaire de la région MENA, l’analyse de l’efficience montre que l’inefficience technique provient de l’inefficience technique pure. Enfin, l’efficacité des banques de la région MENA est sensible aux variables telles que la crise, les dépôts, la capitalisation et notamment les variables liées aux lignes de métiers. / This thesis addressed the subject of "Operational Efficiency of Islamic Banks : A Comparative Empirical Study", in order to assess the efficiency of Islamic banks in controlling costs as compared to those of conventional banks. This Search has been divided into five chapters as follows :Chapter I : General concepts and principles;Chapter II : Competition between banks Islamic and conventional banks in opticalefficiency;Chapter III : Banking efficiency: concepts and approaches to measure;Chapter IV : Framework for analysis and research methodology;Chapter V : An Econometric Study of the operational efficiency of Islamic banks andconventional banks;The study found a set of results, including: that the traditional banks are more efficient than Islamic banks, both in the exploitation of the resources available or in a combination of these resources optimally and then to control costs, and that the conventional banks and Islamic banks are more efficient in utilization of available resources to reach output from the use of the optimal mix of these resources.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-04-26T12:11:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Piva Guazzelli_.pdf: 753749 bytes, checksum: cf470726930e986bf318f5ddc91a4a9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T12:11:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Piva Guazzelli_.pdf: 753749 bytes, checksum: cf470726930e986bf318f5ddc91a4a9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os hospitais são fundamentais para a promoção da vida da população, ofertam uma ampla gama de serviços de saúde e envolvem procedimentos complexos na sua gestão. O presente estudo mensurou os níveis de eficiência técnica dos hospitais gerais no Rio Grande do Sul, em 2016, a fim de identificar a relação entre eficiência técnica dos hospitais e os indicadores socioeconômicos nos Coredes do estado. O estudo considerou uma amostra de 256 hospitais gerais. A análise envoltória de dados (DEA) foi o método escolhido para mensurar a eficiência técnica dos hospitais, considerando o modelo orientado à maximização do produto e assumindo retornos variáveis de escala para a função de produção. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, constatou-se que 62 hospitais atingiram 100% de eficiência técnica. A eficiência técnica média dos hospitais foi de 93,19%. O porte do hospital não apresentou relação direta com o nível de eficiência, uma vez que hospitais de pequeno, médio e grande portes tiveram unidades eficientes. Os retornos crescentes de escala predominaram na maioria dos estabelecimentos da amostra. Nos resultados de eficiência técnica pela divisão dos Coredes, constatou-se que 21 entre os 28 deles possuem hospitais considerados eficientes. Além disso, identificou-se que os Coredes que apresentaram instituições eficientes possuem os maiores índices de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, geração de renda e distribuição de renda do Rio Grande do Sul. / Hospitals are essential to the promotion of life, offer a wide range of services and involve complex procedures in their management. This study measured the technical efficiency levels of general hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul, in 2016, in order to identify the relationship between hospital’s technical efficiency and socioeconomic indicators in the Coredes of the state. The study considered a sample of 256 general hospitals. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was the method chosen to measure the technical efficiency of hospitals, considering the model oriented to product maximization and assuming variable returns of scale to the production function. Among the main results found, 62 hospitals reached 100% of technical efficiency. The average technical efficiency level was 93.19%. The size of the hospital was not directly related to the efficiency level, since small, medium and large hospitals presented efficient units. Increasing returns to scale predominated in most sample establishments. In the results of technical efficiency by the division of the Coredes, it was verified that 21 out of 28 have hospitals considered efficient. Furthermore, it was identified that the Coredes that presented efficient institutions have the highest indicators of socioeconomic development, income creation and income distribution in Rio Grande do Sul.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-19T18:24:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIO ANTONIO SARTORI PIRAN_.pdf: 4177497 bytes, checksum: 92bd3c20cfdca3446ffa85184e18d87f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T18:24:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIO ANTONIO SARTORI PIRAN_.pdf: 4177497 bytes, checksum: 92bd3c20cfdca3446ffa85184e18d87f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Nenhuma / A melhoria da eficiência e da produtividade tem atraído um interesse crescente das empresas, e a modularização é considerada uma alternativa estratégica para atingir essas finalidades. No entanto, apesar de a pesquisa sobre modularização apontar esses e outros benefícios, evidências empíricas que suportam essas expectativas são escassas na literatura. Portanto, é necessário avaliar os efeitos que a modularização produz para contribuir para a melhoria da eficiência de uma área ou de um sistema produtivo, por exemplo. Este estudo analisa os efeitos da implementação da modularização de produtos sobre a eficiência da Engenharia de Produtos e do Processo Produtivo em uma empresa fabricante de ônibus. Esses efeitos foram avaliados longitudinalmente utilizando, combinadamente, a Análise Envoltória de Dados, a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e a Avaliação do Impacto Causal em Séries Temporais (CausalImpact) em um estudo de caso. Como resultados, evidencia-se que os efeitos da modularização sobre a eficiência são positivos e significativos. Observa-se, também, diferenças significativas entre projetos e produtos modularizados e não modularizados. Por fim, a pesquisa estabelece e suporta empiricamente a causalidade entre a modularização e a eficiência da Engenharia de Produtos e do Processo Produtivo da empresa analisada. / The improvement of efficiency and productivity has attracted a growing interest by companies, and the modularization is considered a strategic alternative to achieve this purpose. However, despite the research on modularization points to this and other benefits, the empirical evidence supporting such expectations is scarce in the literature. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects the modularization produces in order to contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of an area or a productive system, for instance. The present study analyzes the effects of the implementation of product modularization over the efficiency of a company that manufactures buses. These effects were evaluated longitudinally using, in a combined way, the Data Envelopment Analysis, the Variance Analysis (ANOVA), and the Evaluation of the Causal Impact in Time Series (CausalImpact) on a study case. As a result, we can see that the effects of modularization on the efficiency are positive and significant. We also can note significant differences between modularized and non-modularized projects and products. Finally, this research establishes and empirically support the causality between modularization and the efficiency of Product Engineering in the productive process of the company studied.

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A cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil se caracteriza pela carência na utilização de ferramentas de gestão e financeiras para o controle da atividade. Atualmente algumas linhas de pesquisa estão trazendo para o meio rural a utilização de indicadores de origem econômica e financeira para complementarem os já utilizados de origem técnica como indicadores de produtividade, escala de produção etc. Este trabalho objetivou correlacionar indicadores técnicos, econômicos e financeiros de propriedades produtoras de leite localizadas em Minas Gerais para buscar quais seriam os de eleição para acompanhamento e quais estariam mais relacionados à rentabilidade e retorno financeiro. Foram coletados dados mensais de 15 propriedades mineiras do período correspondido entre julho de 2012 e junho de 2013, além de visita e aplicação de questionário às mesmas. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para o cálculo de índices técnicos, econômicos e financeiros e também para caracterização das propriedades. Sobre os indicadores foram aplicados os testes de Kruskal Wallis e Wilcoxon para comparar as médias entre as propriedades em relação aos três níveis de retorno sobre o Investimento da propriedade. Em seguida aplicou-se o teste de correlação de Spearman para cálculo dos indicadores de correlação de todas variáveis em relação aos indicadores de cunho econômico financeiro. Os indicadores econômicos e financeiros revelaram altos índices de correlação e diferenças entre médias entre si. Dos demais se destacaram, a relação de gasto com mão de obra /receita bruta e a perda com morte de animais. De acordo com os testes de correlação, a variável MARGEM DE EBITDA foi a que mais se correlacionou com os demais indicadores relacionados ao retorno financeiro da atividade e por isso foi a considerada a principal no controle financeiro das atividades produtivas. / Milk production chain in Brazil is characterized by deficiency in the use of financial management and to control the activity tools. Nowadays some researches are bringing to the rural environment the using of indicators of economic and financial source to complement those already used from technical origin as indicators of productivity, production scale etc. This study aimed to correlate technical, economic and financial indicators of milk-producing farms located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, to find what indicators would be elected to follow and which would be more related to profitability and financial returns. Monthly data of 15 properties from Minas Gerais was collected between July 2012 and June 2013, as well as visiting and apllying questionnaire to all of them. The data were used to calculate the technical, economical and financial ratios and also to characterize the properties. The indicators were compared using Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests to compare means between the properties on three levels of return on investment. Then the Spearman correlation test was applied to calculate the indicators correlation of all variables in relation to financial end economical indicators. The economic and financial indicators showed high levels of correlation and mean differences between each other. The others that stood out was the ratio of spending on labor/gross income and losts with animal death. According to the correlation tests, the variable MARGIN OF EBITDA was more correlated with other indicators related to the financial return of the activity and therefore was considered the main financial control to use on productive activities.

<p>It is a well-known fact that there are significant differences in production output and business results of farms operating under rather similar natural and socio-economic conditions. Such differences can be attributed to biological factors, specialization level and production intensity, size of farms, implemented production practice, but also to the differences in capabilities of farmers, that is, their managerial capacities.<br />The starting point in selection of subjects for the research was significance of managerial capacities and the fact that not enough attention is dedicated to them, as well as the necessity of urgent improvement of competitiveness in production of poultry meat in our country. Therefore, the subject of the research in this doctoral dissertation is managerial capacities of broiler producers in Vojvodina. When analysing managerial capacities of broiler producers, not only were personal aspects taken into account (gender, age, education level, previous experience, etc.), but the subject of consideration includes characteristics of decision making process (planning, implementation and control) as well. The main objective of the study is to point out to the significance of managerial capacities, possibilities and methods implemented in their assessment, and to establish the reason why some of the broiler producers in Vojvodina, operating under rather similar conditions, are more efficient as compared to other farmers. In order to analyse managerial capacities of broiler producers and to judge whether and to what extent do they influence the production output (technical and economic efficiency), 30 broiler farms of different production capacities, all at the territory of AP Vojvodina, were comprised in the analysis.<br />One of the starting hypotheses in this study considers significant differences in technical and economic efficiency between the selected broiler farms. Technical and economy efficiency indexes, obtained by implemented DEA method, indicate that such hypothesis was justified. The obtained TE indexes point out that broiler producers in Vojvodina are relatively technically efficient (six out of thirty producers achieved maximum level of TE). However, the number of farms that achieved maximum level of EE is much lower (only one out of thirty farms achieves maximum level of EE), which indicates the market difficulties that producers are coping with, but also proves that it is possible to operate better under the existing conditions which are assumed to be the same for all. The number of economically inefficient farms could be reduced through decrease of production costs (primarily reduction of feed costs, increase of operation productivity, reduction of energy costs, etc.), which certainly requires, as one of preconditions, the adequate managerial capacities of producers.<br />The assumption that certain aspects of managerial capacities, such as personal aspects and decision making process, influence TE and EE has been confirmed with the results of Tobit regression. Statistically significant influence of achieved TE and EE is confirmed in 9 out of 82 variables included in the models. This certainly does not mean<br />VIII<br />that other aspects of managerial capacities are not significant, but that under current conditions, relatively small number of variables determines the number of farms that will manage to achieve or at least to nearly achieve &ldquo;the best possible practice&rdquo;.<br />Statistically significant influence was also proven in certain personal aspects of producers, as well as in some aspects of decision making process. Therefore, it is necessary to explain to producers and advisors the significance of the aforesaid aspects and to work on their improvement. The only aspect proven as significant both for TE and EE is the experience of farmers, which only explains the poor working environment that our producers operate in. The conclusion which can be derived from the aforesaid is that the most significant and irreplaceable managerial capacity of broiler producers is their experience. Such experience mainly refers to business relations and acquaintances obtained from long-lasting engagement in broiler production, but also to their ability to find their way and achieve success in conditions of the black economy.<br />The fact that there is no statistical significance in terms of influence of certain aspects of managerial capacities on TE and EE, actually points out to underdevelopment of the required managerial capacities of broiler producers. Therefore, the improvement of managerial abilities must be set as the permanent task, so competitiveness of poultry meat sector could be increased. To this effect, it is necessary to provide constant education through trainings and seminars, as well as regular cooperation with advisory service (particularly in terms of significance of keeping records, planning and control of the achieved results), but also through exchange of experience and cooperation with other producers.</p>

Thesis (M.Sc (Agricultural Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2015 / Agriculture plays an important role in uplifting the economy of South Africa. Small-scale farmers in rural areas are linked with poverty and operate inefficiently due to over or under utilization of some of the factors of production. This study aimed at analysing the technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality. The objectives of the study were: (i) To assess the level of technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality, (ii) To identify socio-economic factors affecting the efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality and (iii) to investigate the areas of improvement with regard to the operational management of the small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality. The study employed the Cobb-Douglas production function and the logistic regression model to analyse data. The Cobb-Douglas production function results revealed that small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality are technically efficient in the production of maize with the highest mean technical efficiency value of 0.71%. The study further revealed that farmers were allocatively inefficient with a mean allocative efficiency value of 0.39%. The logistic regression analysis revealed important variables such as the level of education (1.05), experience in farming (2.74), access to irrigation water (0.59), purchase of hybrid seed (0.74), access to credit (2.13) and extension visits (0.85) were positively significant towards the efficiency of farmers. Variables such as gender of the farmer (-1.79) and off-farm income (-2.72) were found to be negatively significant towards the efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen Municipality. The findings obtained in this study could be quite useful to policy makers. This study recommend that there is a need for more visits from the extension officers as well as training on inputs allocation, since variables like Seed (0.41), fertilizer (0.17), capital (0.71) and expenses (-0.204) were found to be inefficiently allocated in the production of maize. The provision of easy, quick and adequate credit deserves to be a top priority on the agenda of policy makers since most small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality does not receive off-farm income. Small-scale farmers in Tzaneen municipality also need to have access to enough arable land in order to increase production. Small-scale farmers in South Africa and other developing countries contribute to employment creation and food security in the households, therefore, it is important that government fully support such farmers.

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Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται την μελέτη της μεθόδου Bootstrap στα πλαίσια συμπλήρωσης των ελλείψεων της DEA, κατά τον υπολογισμό της τεχνικής αποτελεσματικότητας διαφόρων μονάδων λήψης αποφάσεων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα θα μελετηθεί η Bootstrap ως μέσο για τον υπολογισμό της μεροληψίας, και διαστημάτων εμπιστοσύνης των efficiency scores που προκύπτουν από την χρήση της DEA. Όπως θα φανεί, η DEA, ως μία εφαρμογή του γραμμικού προγραμματισμού, αποτελεί μία μη παραμετρική μέθοδο υπολογισμού της τεχνικής αποτελεσματικότητας και χαρακτηρίζεται από το μειονέκτημα της έλλειψης στατιστικών μεγεθών καθώς και την αδυναμία να ξεχωρίσει τον θόρυβο από την αναποτελεσματικότητα. Η Bootstrap από την άλλη, αποτελεί μία επαναληπτική εφαρμογή της DEA, η οποία καλείται να δώσει λύση στα παραπάνω προβλήματα. Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής είναι να ελέγξει τον βαθμό στον οποίο η Bootstrap καταφέρνει να εκπληρώσει αυτή την αποστολή. Για το σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιούνται πραγματικά δεδομένα που αφορούν ιχθυοκαλλιέργειες που δραστηριοποιούνται στην ελληνική επικράτεια, ενώ οι υπολογισμοί γίνονται μέσω των προγραμμάτων DEAP και PIM – DEA v2.0. / The present diplomatic essay treats the study of Bootstrap method within the bounds of completion of DEA deficiencies during the estimation of technical efficiency of several decision-making units. More precisely it will be scrutinized bootstrap as a mean of estimating biasness and the confidence intervals of the efficiency scores, which arise from the use of DEA. As it will be come clear, DEA as an implementation of linear programming, constitutes a non-parametric method of estimating technical efficiency and is characterized by the drawback of non-distinguishing the noise by the inefficiency. On the other hand, bootstrap constitutes a repetitive implementation of DEA, which is assigned to give a solution to the above questions. The purpose of this essay is to verify the degree in which bootstrap completes this mission. For this reason there are used real data, which concern fish farms that are placed in Greek territory while, the calculations are executed through the programs DEAP and PIM – DEA V2.0

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