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Estratégias tecnológicas e performance das empresas industriais brasileiras: uma análise multivariada comparativa das PINTECs / Technological strategies and performance in Brazilian firms: a comparative multivariate analysis of the PINTECsSelan, Beatriz 06 April 2009 (has links)
Esse trabalho se propõe a analisar as estratégias tecnológicas das firmas industriais brasileiras que inovaram em produto e processo entre 2003 e 2005, e compará-las com o triênio retroativo à inovação, 2001-2003. Para tanto, utilizam-se dados da junção de três importantes bases de dados brasileiras: PINTEC, RAIS e SECEX para o período 2001 a 2005, divididos em dois triênios. Usando uma metodologia de análise multivariada a fim de evitar estabelecer relações causais, os resultados indicam que a alteração nas estratégias tecnológicas tende a trazer melhores performances das firmas e que há uma coordenação entre as estratégias tecnológicas das inovadoras em produto e processo. Além disso, a base de conhecimento e o desempenho do passado são fundamentais para a determinação das estratégias no período seguinte. / This work intends to analyze, by using multivariate analysis, the technological strategies from the Brazilian firms that innovated in product and process between 2003 and 2005, and compare it with the innovative behavior that used to take place by them in 2001-2003. We split the analysis in the relationship input-firms-outputs, and use data from PINTEC, RAIS and SECEX. We found out that the change in technological strategies might have been related to a better performance for the firm and that, when we consider only the firms that innovate simultaneous in product and process, the technological strategies are alike specially in terms of innovative activity expenditure, but that is not the case for the process innovation. Nonetheless, the accumulated knowledge and the past outputs of innovation are fundamental for the establishment of the technological strategy.
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Fatores alavancadores e desafiadores no uso de mapas de rotas tecnológicas no contexto de instituições de pesquisas públicas. Um estudo de caso / Leveraging and challenging factors in the use of technology road maps in the context of public research institutions. A case study.Laraia, Lilian Regis 20 March 2015 (has links)
Planejar e gerenciar o desenvolvimento tecnológico são questões estratégicas para as organizações que desejam realizar processos de P&D. A elaboração de Planos Tecnológicos (PT) pode representar um desafio significativo de esforço e planejamento para essas organizações. Os problemas mais comuns são falhas nas previsões dos projetos sejam eles de novos produtos, serviços ou processos. Esse estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para identificar, classificar e quantificar os fatores denominados alavancadores e desafiadores que possam estar presentes na elaboração do PT. Desenvolveu-se um protocolo para entrevista e coleta de dados em duas fases, aplicado aos envolvidos na elaboração do PT. Na Fase 1 considerou-se a metodologia de construção do PT vigente na unidade de análise. Para Fase 2, considerou-se a metodologia T-Plan na construção do Mapa Tecnológico. Os fatores investigados foram organizados em dimensões (planejamento, desenvolvimento e aplicação) que foram segmentados em variáveis de pesquisa (viabilidade, compromissos, comunicação, direcionadores, priorização, monitoramento, aprendizado, revalidação, aplicação e replicação) e, dependendo dos resultados, eles foram classificados em alavancadores ou desafiadores. O processo de elaboração do PT foi também avaliado com base em dois atributos: qualidade e satisfação. Nas duas fases, ambos foram avaliados segundo a percepção dos entrevistados. Para a Qualidade, a representação foi em 4 quadrantes, para indicar a presença e a formalidade evidenciando a existência da variável da pesquisa. Para a Satisfação foram avaliados estatisticamente considerando o valor médio e desvio padrão entre a condição atual e a desejada. Essa distancia caracterizou as oportunidades das mudanças. A unidade de análise foi o Centro de Célula a Combustível de Hidrogênio - CCCH, um departamento do Instituto de Pesquisa Energéticas e Nucleares do Brasil. A análise da Fase 1 considerou um PT elaborado anteriormente e da Fase 2 foi aplicado a metodologia T-Plan. Nessa segunda fase foi construído o Mapa Tecnológico para os próximos dez anos considerando direcionadores estratégicos, produtos, tecnologias e recursos necessários para realização do protótipo comercial até 2024 e assim viabilizar a inclusão da Célula a Combustível na Matriz Energética Nacional. Com as análises dos resultados das duas fases verificou-se: Fase 1: foram identificados como fatores Desafiadores: Direcionadores e Aplicação; como Fatores Potencial Desafiador: Viabilidade, Priorização, Monitoramento, Aprendizado e Revalidação; como fatores Potencial Alavancador: Replicação e como fatores Alavancadores: Compromisso e Comunicação. Fase 2: todos fatores foram classificados como Alavancadores: Viabilidade, Compromisso, Comunicação, Direcionadores, Priorização, Monitoramento, Aprendizado, Revalidação, Aplicação e Replicação. Concluiu-se que na metodologia T-Plan há uma sensível alteração da avaliação dos fatores Alavancadores e Desafiadores. O Mapa de Rotas Tecnológicas do CCCH, construído na Fase 2 indicou as seguintes rotas tecnológicas: 1) preparação de materiais e principais componentes do módulo; 2) partir da demanda do mercado para chegar aos novos produtos; 3) partir do desenvolvimento das tecnologias para chegar aos novos produtos; 4) desenvolvimento dos materiais para chegar aos produtos e atender aos drivers. Tais resultados sugerem concluir que a aplicação da metodologia do T-Plan não é só viável, mas até recomendável, no âmbito da elaboração de Planos Tecnológicos das Instituições de Pesquisa Pública. / The planning and management of technology development are strategic issues for organizations that wish to perform R&D procedures. Technology Plans (TP) can represent a significant challenge to the planning efforts of organizations. The most common problems are flaws in project forecasting, whether they are new products, services or processes.. To perform this study, a unit analysis was selected for the survey and a data collection protocol was developed. For the first phase of this work (phase 1) the protocol was applied considering the construction methodology of the current Technology Plan, which consists of periodic meetings with an agenda for technology requirements and other general department issues. Two types of meetings were devised. The first one is held every two months, with the participation of those involved in the implementation of the plan and the second one is held in annual meetings of the master plan with the participation of the Department Manager. For the second phase (phase 2), the T-Plan methodology was considered and applied to the construction of the Technology Map. The factors investigated, were organized in dimensions (planning, development and implementation) that have been segmented into search variables (viability, commitment, communication, drivers, prioritization, monitoring guidelines, learning, revalidation, application and replication) and, depending on the results, the critical analysis classified them as leveraging or challenging. Complementing that analysis, the process of drafting the search variables assessed the TP based on two attributes: quality and satisfaction. These two have been assessed according to the perception of respondents in the two phases of the study. The Quality attribute was graphically represented in 4 quadrants, aiming to indicate presence and formality, thus demonstrating the existence of the search variable. The results of the Satisfaction attribute were statistically assessed considering the mean value and standard deviation between the current condition and the desired condition. This distance featured the opportunities for change. The unit analysis was the Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell - CCCH, a department of energy and nuclear research Institute in Brazil, and the analysis consisted of a TP which had been previously prepared in meetings and had managers and researchers of the aforementioned department as sources of information. In Phase 1 (current process) and in phase 2, a T-Plan methodology was applied to the elaboration of the TP. From the analysis of the results came up: for phase 1, the following factors were identified as Challenging: Drivers and Application; as Potential Challenging factors: Viability, Prioritization, Monitoring, Learning and Revalidation; as Potential Leveraging factors: Replication; and as Leveraging factors: Commitment and Communication. For phase 2 all the factors were classified as Leveraging, namely: Viability, Commitment, Communication, Prioritization, Monitoring Guidelines, Learning, Revalidation, Application and Replication. This study allowed us to conclude that by applying the T-Plan methodology there is a significant change in the Leveraging and Challenging factors assessment when the two methodologies are applied to the elaboration of the TP studied. Yet, as a result of phase 2, the Map of Technology Routes of the CCCH was built considering a horizon of 10 years comprising the following technology routes: Route for preparation of materials and major components of the module; Route starting from the demand of the market reaching products; Route starting from technology development to reach state-of-the-art products; Route that considers the development of materials for products and that meet internal and external drivers. These results allow us to conclude from the investigated case that the application of the T-Plan methodology is both viable and even recommended in the context of technology plans for research units of Public Research Institutions.
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Fatores alavancadores e desafiadores no uso de mapas de rotas tecnológicas no contexto de instituições de pesquisas públicas. Um estudo de caso / Leveraging and challenging factors in the use of technology road maps in the context of public research institutions. A case study.Lilian Regis Laraia 20 March 2015 (has links)
Planejar e gerenciar o desenvolvimento tecnológico são questões estratégicas para as organizações que desejam realizar processos de P&D. A elaboração de Planos Tecnológicos (PT) pode representar um desafio significativo de esforço e planejamento para essas organizações. Os problemas mais comuns são falhas nas previsões dos projetos sejam eles de novos produtos, serviços ou processos. Esse estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para identificar, classificar e quantificar os fatores denominados alavancadores e desafiadores que possam estar presentes na elaboração do PT. Desenvolveu-se um protocolo para entrevista e coleta de dados em duas fases, aplicado aos envolvidos na elaboração do PT. Na Fase 1 considerou-se a metodologia de construção do PT vigente na unidade de análise. Para Fase 2, considerou-se a metodologia T-Plan na construção do Mapa Tecnológico. Os fatores investigados foram organizados em dimensões (planejamento, desenvolvimento e aplicação) que foram segmentados em variáveis de pesquisa (viabilidade, compromissos, comunicação, direcionadores, priorização, monitoramento, aprendizado, revalidação, aplicação e replicação) e, dependendo dos resultados, eles foram classificados em alavancadores ou desafiadores. O processo de elaboração do PT foi também avaliado com base em dois atributos: qualidade e satisfação. Nas duas fases, ambos foram avaliados segundo a percepção dos entrevistados. Para a Qualidade, a representação foi em 4 quadrantes, para indicar a presença e a formalidade evidenciando a existência da variável da pesquisa. Para a Satisfação foram avaliados estatisticamente considerando o valor médio e desvio padrão entre a condição atual e a desejada. Essa distancia caracterizou as oportunidades das mudanças. A unidade de análise foi o Centro de Célula a Combustível de Hidrogênio - CCCH, um departamento do Instituto de Pesquisa Energéticas e Nucleares do Brasil. A análise da Fase 1 considerou um PT elaborado anteriormente e da Fase 2 foi aplicado a metodologia T-Plan. Nessa segunda fase foi construído o Mapa Tecnológico para os próximos dez anos considerando direcionadores estratégicos, produtos, tecnologias e recursos necessários para realização do protótipo comercial até 2024 e assim viabilizar a inclusão da Célula a Combustível na Matriz Energética Nacional. Com as análises dos resultados das duas fases verificou-se: Fase 1: foram identificados como fatores Desafiadores: Direcionadores e Aplicação; como Fatores Potencial Desafiador: Viabilidade, Priorização, Monitoramento, Aprendizado e Revalidação; como fatores Potencial Alavancador: Replicação e como fatores Alavancadores: Compromisso e Comunicação. Fase 2: todos fatores foram classificados como Alavancadores: Viabilidade, Compromisso, Comunicação, Direcionadores, Priorização, Monitoramento, Aprendizado, Revalidação, Aplicação e Replicação. Concluiu-se que na metodologia T-Plan há uma sensível alteração da avaliação dos fatores Alavancadores e Desafiadores. O Mapa de Rotas Tecnológicas do CCCH, construído na Fase 2 indicou as seguintes rotas tecnológicas: 1) preparação de materiais e principais componentes do módulo; 2) partir da demanda do mercado para chegar aos novos produtos; 3) partir do desenvolvimento das tecnologias para chegar aos novos produtos; 4) desenvolvimento dos materiais para chegar aos produtos e atender aos drivers. Tais resultados sugerem concluir que a aplicação da metodologia do T-Plan não é só viável, mas até recomendável, no âmbito da elaboração de Planos Tecnológicos das Instituições de Pesquisa Pública. / The planning and management of technology development are strategic issues for organizations that wish to perform R&D procedures. Technology Plans (TP) can represent a significant challenge to the planning efforts of organizations. The most common problems are flaws in project forecasting, whether they are new products, services or processes.. To perform this study, a unit analysis was selected for the survey and a data collection protocol was developed. For the first phase of this work (phase 1) the protocol was applied considering the construction methodology of the current Technology Plan, which consists of periodic meetings with an agenda for technology requirements and other general department issues. Two types of meetings were devised. The first one is held every two months, with the participation of those involved in the implementation of the plan and the second one is held in annual meetings of the master plan with the participation of the Department Manager. For the second phase (phase 2), the T-Plan methodology was considered and applied to the construction of the Technology Map. The factors investigated, were organized in dimensions (planning, development and implementation) that have been segmented into search variables (viability, commitment, communication, drivers, prioritization, monitoring guidelines, learning, revalidation, application and replication) and, depending on the results, the critical analysis classified them as leveraging or challenging. Complementing that analysis, the process of drafting the search variables assessed the TP based on two attributes: quality and satisfaction. These two have been assessed according to the perception of respondents in the two phases of the study. The Quality attribute was graphically represented in 4 quadrants, aiming to indicate presence and formality, thus demonstrating the existence of the search variable. The results of the Satisfaction attribute were statistically assessed considering the mean value and standard deviation between the current condition and the desired condition. This distance featured the opportunities for change. The unit analysis was the Center for Hydrogen Fuel Cell - CCCH, a department of energy and nuclear research Institute in Brazil, and the analysis consisted of a TP which had been previously prepared in meetings and had managers and researchers of the aforementioned department as sources of information. In Phase 1 (current process) and in phase 2, a T-Plan methodology was applied to the elaboration of the TP. From the analysis of the results came up: for phase 1, the following factors were identified as Challenging: Drivers and Application; as Potential Challenging factors: Viability, Prioritization, Monitoring, Learning and Revalidation; as Potential Leveraging factors: Replication; and as Leveraging factors: Commitment and Communication. For phase 2 all the factors were classified as Leveraging, namely: Viability, Commitment, Communication, Prioritization, Monitoring Guidelines, Learning, Revalidation, Application and Replication. This study allowed us to conclude that by applying the T-Plan methodology there is a significant change in the Leveraging and Challenging factors assessment when the two methodologies are applied to the elaboration of the TP studied. Yet, as a result of phase 2, the Map of Technology Routes of the CCCH was built considering a horizon of 10 years comprising the following technology routes: Route for preparation of materials and major components of the module; Route starting from the demand of the market reaching products; Route starting from technology development to reach state-of-the-art products; Route that considers the development of materials for products and that meet internal and external drivers. These results allow us to conclude from the investigated case that the application of the T-Plan methodology is both viable and even recommended in the context of technology plans for research units of Public Research Institutions.
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Estratégias tecnológicas e performance das empresas industriais brasileiras: uma análise multivariada comparativa das PINTECs / Technological strategies and performance in Brazilian firms: a comparative multivariate analysis of the PINTECsBeatriz Selan 06 April 2009 (has links)
Esse trabalho se propõe a analisar as estratégias tecnológicas das firmas industriais brasileiras que inovaram em produto e processo entre 2003 e 2005, e compará-las com o triênio retroativo à inovação, 2001-2003. Para tanto, utilizam-se dados da junção de três importantes bases de dados brasileiras: PINTEC, RAIS e SECEX para o período 2001 a 2005, divididos em dois triênios. Usando uma metodologia de análise multivariada a fim de evitar estabelecer relações causais, os resultados indicam que a alteração nas estratégias tecnológicas tende a trazer melhores performances das firmas e que há uma coordenação entre as estratégias tecnológicas das inovadoras em produto e processo. Além disso, a base de conhecimento e o desempenho do passado são fundamentais para a determinação das estratégias no período seguinte. / This work intends to analyze, by using multivariate analysis, the technological strategies from the Brazilian firms that innovated in product and process between 2003 and 2005, and compare it with the innovative behavior that used to take place by them in 2001-2003. We split the analysis in the relationship input-firms-outputs, and use data from PINTEC, RAIS and SECEX. We found out that the change in technological strategies might have been related to a better performance for the firm and that, when we consider only the firms that innovate simultaneous in product and process, the technological strategies are alike specially in terms of innovative activity expenditure, but that is not the case for the process innovation. Nonetheless, the accumulated knowledge and the past outputs of innovation are fundamental for the establishment of the technological strategy.
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Um estudo sobre a elaboração de roadmaps tecnológicos em empresas brasileiras de software / A study on the elaboration of technological roadmaps in Brazilian software companiesOzaki, Adalton Masalu 05 May 2014 (has links)
O setor de software é muito dinâmico e competitivo, o que obriga as empresas a constantemente se transformar, seja pela incorporação de novas tecnologias, pela implementação de inovações em produtos e serviços, ou pela exploração de novos modelos de negócio. Neste cenário, empresas de software, para se manterem competitivas, precisam desenvolver rotinas de inteligência tecnológica (IT) que permitam coletar, analisar e tomar decisões sobre oportunidades e ameaças tecnológicas. Empresas de diversos setores têm adotado uma técnica de IT denominada roadmap tecnológico, que sucintamente representa uma visão de futuro que identifica a rota tecnológica, ou seja, as tecnologias a serem adotadas no futuro, associadas aos produtos a serem desenvolvidos e aos mercados a serem explorados. Neste contexto, esta tese procurou responder à questão \"Como empresas brasileiras de software realizam atividades de elaboração de roadmap tecnológico?\". Com base na literatura sobre roadmaps foi possível elaborar um modelo conceitual com as principais características identificadas em termos de objetivos, fontes de informação, barreiras, processo/conteúdo e benefícios dos roadmaps. Foi adotada a metodologia de estudos de casos múltiplos, com amostragem intencional, sendo selecionadas duas empresas de pequeno, duas de médio e duas de grande porte. O modelo conceitual elaborado para esta tese se mostrou muito útil, pois permitiu descrever os casos analisando sempre as mesmas dimensões, facilitando a comparação. Foi possível verificar, por exemplo, as características da atividade de elaboração de roadmaps importantes para todas as empresas estudadas, bem como aquelas importantes apenas para empresas de grande porte. Os casos evidenciam que há duas importantes influências do porte da empresa sobre a atividade de elaboração de roadmaps. Primeiro, a complexidade das interações internas e externas durante todo o processo é maior nas grandes empresas. Segundo, a organização do processo também é mais elaborada nas grandes empresas. Adicionalmente, este estudo permitiu identificar particularidades do setor de software com relação à elaboração de roadmaps: a) Foco no curto prazo - as empresas pesquisadas possuem foco no curto prazo, em geral trabalhando nas decisões tecnológicas e de funcionalidades para a próxima versão de seus produtos; e, b) Gestão de códigos do software - a estratégia da empresa sobre códigos ativos (ou seja, vigentes em clientes) a serem mantidos está relacionada ao roadmap e pode limitar o potencial de crescimento da firma. Visando cobrir um hiato existente entre a prática das empresas estudadas (foco em curto prazo) e a literatura (foco em longo prazo), é apresentada nesta tese uma proposta de metodologia para elaboração de roadmap tecnológico de longo prazo para empresas de software. Este estudo traz contribuições práticas e teóricas. Empresas de software, e eventualmente de setores correlatos, podem se beneficiar deste estudo por permitir comparar sua atividade de elaboração de roadmaps com a das empresas estudadas, bem como identificar pontos para aprimoramento à medida que planeja crescer. Do ponto de vista acadêmico, este estudo oferece diversas contribuições. Primeiramente, o modelo conceitual adotado nesta tese pode ser utilizado em outros estudos sobre roadmaps, inclusive em outros setores. Os estudos de caso evidenciam como a atividade de elaboração de roadmaps se diferencia em empresas de diferentes portes. Por fim, foram identificadas particularidades das empresas de software na atividade de elaboração de roadmaps. / The software industry is highly dynamic and competitive. Companies competing in this industry must continuously transform themselves, through the incorporation of new technologies, innovation in products and services, or the exploration of new business models. Given this scenario, in order to remain competitive, software companies should develop technological intelligence (TI) routines to enable them to collect, analyse and make decisions regarding technological opportunities and threats. Companies from different industries are adopting a TI technique named technological roadmapping, which succinctly presents a future vision that identifies a technological path, that is, the technologies to be adopted in the future, together with the products to be developed and markets to be explored. Against this backdrop, this thesis addresses the question of \"How do Brazilian software companies carry out technological roadmapping activities?\" Based on the literature on roadmaps it has been possible to develop a conceptual model with the main characteristics in terms of objectives, sources of information, barriers, components and benefits of roadmaps. A multiple case studies methodology was adopted, with an intentional sample. Two small, two medium and two large companies were selected. The conceptual model developed for this thesis proved effective, as it enabled the description of the cases while always analysing the same dimensions, which facilitated the comparison. It was possible to verify, for example, the characteristics of the roadmapping activity important for all the companies studied, as well as those important only for large companies. The cases show that there are two important influences on roadmapping activities stemming from the size of the firm. First, the complexity of internal and external interactions throughout the process is greater for large companies. Second, the organization of the process is also more developed in large companies. Furthermore, this study identified some characteristics unique to the software industry with regards to the development of roadmaps: a) Focus on the short term - the companies surveyed have focused on the short-term, typically working with technology decisions and features for the next version of products; and, b) Management of software codes - the company\'s strategy for active codes (i.e. currently used with clients) to be maintained is related to the roadmap and may limit the potential growth of the firm. With a view to bridging a gap that exists between the practice of the companies studied (focus on short-term) and literature on the subject (focus on long-term), a proposed methodology for developing a long-term technological roadmap for software companies is presented in this thesis. This study presents theoretical and practical contributions. Software companies, and possibly related industries, can benefit from this study by comparing their roadmapping activities to those from the companies studied, and identifying points for improvement as they plan to grow. From an academic perspective, this study offers several contributions. First, the conceptual model adopted in this thesis can be used in other roadmap studies, including in other sectors. The case studies show how the roadmapping activities differ in firms of different sizes. Finally, characteristics specifically related to software companies in the roadmapping activity have been identified.
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Um estudo sobre a elaboração de roadmaps tecnológicos em empresas brasileiras de software / A study on the elaboration of technological roadmaps in Brazilian software companiesAdalton Masalu Ozaki 05 May 2014 (has links)
O setor de software é muito dinâmico e competitivo, o que obriga as empresas a constantemente se transformar, seja pela incorporação de novas tecnologias, pela implementação de inovações em produtos e serviços, ou pela exploração de novos modelos de negócio. Neste cenário, empresas de software, para se manterem competitivas, precisam desenvolver rotinas de inteligência tecnológica (IT) que permitam coletar, analisar e tomar decisões sobre oportunidades e ameaças tecnológicas. Empresas de diversos setores têm adotado uma técnica de IT denominada roadmap tecnológico, que sucintamente representa uma visão de futuro que identifica a rota tecnológica, ou seja, as tecnologias a serem adotadas no futuro, associadas aos produtos a serem desenvolvidos e aos mercados a serem explorados. Neste contexto, esta tese procurou responder à questão \"Como empresas brasileiras de software realizam atividades de elaboração de roadmap tecnológico?\". Com base na literatura sobre roadmaps foi possível elaborar um modelo conceitual com as principais características identificadas em termos de objetivos, fontes de informação, barreiras, processo/conteúdo e benefícios dos roadmaps. Foi adotada a metodologia de estudos de casos múltiplos, com amostragem intencional, sendo selecionadas duas empresas de pequeno, duas de médio e duas de grande porte. O modelo conceitual elaborado para esta tese se mostrou muito útil, pois permitiu descrever os casos analisando sempre as mesmas dimensões, facilitando a comparação. Foi possível verificar, por exemplo, as características da atividade de elaboração de roadmaps importantes para todas as empresas estudadas, bem como aquelas importantes apenas para empresas de grande porte. Os casos evidenciam que há duas importantes influências do porte da empresa sobre a atividade de elaboração de roadmaps. Primeiro, a complexidade das interações internas e externas durante todo o processo é maior nas grandes empresas. Segundo, a organização do processo também é mais elaborada nas grandes empresas. Adicionalmente, este estudo permitiu identificar particularidades do setor de software com relação à elaboração de roadmaps: a) Foco no curto prazo - as empresas pesquisadas possuem foco no curto prazo, em geral trabalhando nas decisões tecnológicas e de funcionalidades para a próxima versão de seus produtos; e, b) Gestão de códigos do software - a estratégia da empresa sobre códigos ativos (ou seja, vigentes em clientes) a serem mantidos está relacionada ao roadmap e pode limitar o potencial de crescimento da firma. Visando cobrir um hiato existente entre a prática das empresas estudadas (foco em curto prazo) e a literatura (foco em longo prazo), é apresentada nesta tese uma proposta de metodologia para elaboração de roadmap tecnológico de longo prazo para empresas de software. Este estudo traz contribuições práticas e teóricas. Empresas de software, e eventualmente de setores correlatos, podem se beneficiar deste estudo por permitir comparar sua atividade de elaboração de roadmaps com a das empresas estudadas, bem como identificar pontos para aprimoramento à medida que planeja crescer. Do ponto de vista acadêmico, este estudo oferece diversas contribuições. Primeiramente, o modelo conceitual adotado nesta tese pode ser utilizado em outros estudos sobre roadmaps, inclusive em outros setores. Os estudos de caso evidenciam como a atividade de elaboração de roadmaps se diferencia em empresas de diferentes portes. Por fim, foram identificadas particularidades das empresas de software na atividade de elaboração de roadmaps. / The software industry is highly dynamic and competitive. Companies competing in this industry must continuously transform themselves, through the incorporation of new technologies, innovation in products and services, or the exploration of new business models. Given this scenario, in order to remain competitive, software companies should develop technological intelligence (TI) routines to enable them to collect, analyse and make decisions regarding technological opportunities and threats. Companies from different industries are adopting a TI technique named technological roadmapping, which succinctly presents a future vision that identifies a technological path, that is, the technologies to be adopted in the future, together with the products to be developed and markets to be explored. Against this backdrop, this thesis addresses the question of \"How do Brazilian software companies carry out technological roadmapping activities?\" Based on the literature on roadmaps it has been possible to develop a conceptual model with the main characteristics in terms of objectives, sources of information, barriers, components and benefits of roadmaps. A multiple case studies methodology was adopted, with an intentional sample. Two small, two medium and two large companies were selected. The conceptual model developed for this thesis proved effective, as it enabled the description of the cases while always analysing the same dimensions, which facilitated the comparison. It was possible to verify, for example, the characteristics of the roadmapping activity important for all the companies studied, as well as those important only for large companies. The cases show that there are two important influences on roadmapping activities stemming from the size of the firm. First, the complexity of internal and external interactions throughout the process is greater for large companies. Second, the organization of the process is also more developed in large companies. Furthermore, this study identified some characteristics unique to the software industry with regards to the development of roadmaps: a) Focus on the short term - the companies surveyed have focused on the short-term, typically working with technology decisions and features for the next version of products; and, b) Management of software codes - the company\'s strategy for active codes (i.e. currently used with clients) to be maintained is related to the roadmap and may limit the potential growth of the firm. With a view to bridging a gap that exists between the practice of the companies studied (focus on short-term) and literature on the subject (focus on long-term), a proposed methodology for developing a long-term technological roadmap for software companies is presented in this thesis. This study presents theoretical and practical contributions. Software companies, and possibly related industries, can benefit from this study by comparing their roadmapping activities to those from the companies studied, and identifying points for improvement as they plan to grow. From an academic perspective, this study offers several contributions. First, the conceptual model adopted in this thesis can be used in other roadmap studies, including in other sectors. The case studies show how the roadmapping activities differ in firms of different sizes. Finally, characteristics specifically related to software companies in the roadmapping activity have been identified.
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Modéliser l’émergence de l’expertise et sa gouvernance dans les entreprises innovantes : des communautés aux sociétés proto-épistémiques d’experts / Modeling the emergence of expertise and its governance in innovative organizations : from communities to proto-epistemic societies of expertsCabanes, Benjamin 20 June 2017 (has links)
Dans les industries de hautes technologies, le rythme contemporain de l’innovation se caractérise aujourd’hui par un renouvellement accéléré des produits et par une déstabilisation des dominant designs. Dans ce contexte d’innovation intensive, les organisations industrielles se doivent de se doter de nouvelles capacités d’innovation de rupture pour organiser l’émergence de nouvelles expertises technologiques afin de permettre la conception innovante de nouveaux produits et technologies.Paradoxalement, les enjeux d’expertise et de conception innovante peuvent parfois sembler en opposition ou du moins en tension. L’expertise semble préserver les dominant designs, mais c’est aussi elle qui permet la génération d’expansion conceptuelle. Derrière cette aporie, se posent des questions cruciales sur le management contemporain de l’émergence de l’expertise dans les organisations industrielles en situation d’innovation intensive.A partir d’une démarche exploratoire basée sur une étude de cas longitudinale chez STMicroelectronics, cette thèse s’intéresse aux modèles de gouvernance de l’émergence de l’expertise dans les organisations industrielles. A partir d’une analyse empirique chez STMicroelectronics, ces travaux mettent en évidence que l’émergence de nouvelles expertises s’effectue par une réorganisation et une restructuration profonde des structures d’expertise. Autrement dit, les nouveaux domaines d’expertise émergent à partir de la recomposition des relations d’interdépendance entre les domaines d’expertises existants.Par ailleurs, ces travaux de recherche proposent un modèle formel de l’émergence de l’expertise dans les organisations industrielles. Ce modèle permet d’identifier de nouveaux enjeux managériaux et de mettre en évidence des modèles organisationnels permettant de supporter ces formes d’émergence d’expertise. De nouvelles solutions managériales sont ensuite expérimentées et analysées chez STMicroelectronics. Enfin, la thèse propose une analyse des rôles et missions des experts scientifiques dans les stratégies d’exploration et d’innovation au sein des organisations industrielles. / In science-based industries, the pace of innovation is characterized by accelerated renewal of products and the destabilization of dominant designs. In this context of intensive innovation, industrial organizations have to develop new breakthrough innovation capabilities to organize the emergence of new technological expertise allowing the innovative design of new products and technologies.Paradoxically, expertise and innovation issues can sometimes seem to be in opposition or at least in tension. Expertise seems to preserve the dominant designs, but it also allows the generation of conceptual expansion. Behind this aporia, there are crucial questions about the contemporary management of the emergence of expertise in science-based organizations in a situation of intensive innovation.From on an exploratory approach based on a longitudinal case study at STMicroelectronics, this thesis focuses on governance models for the emergence of expertise in science-based organizations. Based on an empirical analysis carried out by STMicroelectronics, this work shows that the emergence of new expertise is effected by a reorganization and a profound restructuring of the expertise structures. In other words, new areas of expertise emerge from the reconfiguration of interdependent relationships between existing areas of expertise.Moreover, this research suggests a formal model for the emergence of expertise in science-based organizations. This model allows to identify new managerial challenges and to highlight organizational models to support these expertise emergence forms. Then, new management solutions are tested and analyzed at STMicroelectronics. Finally, the thesis analyses scientific experts’ roles and missions in the innovation strategies within science- based organizations.
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Η ενσωμάτωση της πληροφοριακής τεχνολογίας στη στρατηγική διοίκηση επιχειρήσεων και οργανισμών / Alignment between information & communication technology and business strategyΣτυλιάδου, Στέλλα 10 August 2011 (has links)
Στην παρούσα βιβλιογραφική μελέτη καταγράφονται οι αλλαγές στο περιβάλλον οικονομικό, κοινωνικό και τεχνολογικό, ακολουθούμενες από τις πρόσφατες αλλαγές στις βασικές παραμέτρους της παρουσίας και του ρόλου των πληροφοριακών συστημάτων σε οργανισμούς και επιχειρήσεις. Η παρακολούθηση των αλλαγών στα δυο βασικά συστατικά του θέματος της μελέτης, (Πληροφοριακή τεχνολογία- εφαρμογές & Επιχειρησιακή στρατηγική), έγινε σε δύο επίπεδα. Χρησιμοποιώντας σαν βάση συγγράμματα, άρθρα και απόψεις αποδεκτές στον επιστημονικό και στον επιχειρηματικό χώρο, και εμπλουτίζοντας αυτή με μια επιλογή νέων στοιχείων που έρχονται στα χέρια μας μέσω των εφαρμογών της τεχνολογίας πληροφοριών και αφορούν τις δυνατότητες, την επίδραση και την επιρροή της τεχνολογίας αυτής, στη στρατηγική και τη λειτουργία ενός οργανισμού. Το ζήτημα της ευθυγράμμισης, ενσωμάτωσης ή ολοκλήρωσης των δύο στρατηγικών αναφέρεται στο βαθμό στον οποίο ο οργανισμός λαμβάνει υπόψη και χρησιμοποιεί τις δυνατότητες της πληροφοριακής τεχνολογίας και των εφαρμογών της, από τη φάση του σχεδιασμού της στρατηγικής του μέχρι την καθημερινή του λειτουργία. Τα βιβλιογραφικά ευρήματα αφορούν δημοσιεύσεις των τελευταίων κυρίως χρόνων και δεν είναι αριθμητικά σπουδαία. Κατά συνέπεια, έπρεπε να συμπληρωθούν με συμπεράσματα, σκέψεις και αναλύσεις βασισμένα σε συνεντεύξεις ειδικών, δημοσιεύματα εφημερίδων, στατιστικά στοιχεία κ.α. Η γενική φιλοσοφία στο κείμενο είναι οικονομικό-διοικητική χωρίς αυτό να βαίνει σε βάρος των συμπερασμάτων για την τεχνολογία της πληροφορικής. Προτάσεις για περαιτέρω έρευνα αλλά και πρακτικές συμβουλές για ζητήματα συγγενή με την ενσωμάτωση ΙΤ/Business, τη διαχείριση αλλαγών, τη διάρκεια της ευθυγράμμισης και τα αποτελέσματα της προσφέρονται και προκύπτουν από το κείμενο. / The study “Alignment of technology and business strategy in companies and organizations”, describes the changes in the financial, social and technological environment, followed by the changing role of information systems in the area of business, effectiveness and productivity. The detection of the changing facts in the two critical parts of the subject, (information technology and applications & business strategy) takes place in two different levels; mainly using books and articles with the addition of a wide selection of data and information available through internet surveys, statistics and business executives interviews which refer to the effect and the utility of information and communication technology and its applications in the acts of planning and forming the business strategy and in business in general. This study is characterized as managerial but that does not degrade any of the consumptions about information technology and information systems. Suggestions for research as well as practical advice are offered throughout the text.
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