L’obiettivo della ricerca denominata “Tecnologie di Gruppo” è fondato su tre idee basilari: 1. a scuola è importante perseguire due tipologie di apprendimento: l’apprendimento individuale e quello di gruppo. Al momento, gli insegnanti organizzano le loro azioni didattiche maggiormente verso il primo tipo mentre il secondo è considerato un supporto per il primo; 2. a scuola, le situazioni più comuni di lavoro con le tecnologie non sono inline bensì principalmente offline, nella classe oppure nel laboratorio multimediale. Durante queste situazioni didattiche, è piuttosto usuale far lavorare in gruppo gli studenti. Quando un gruppo di studenti lavora con alcune strumentazioni tecnologiche, le interazioni fra i partecipanti tendono a modificarsi; 3. le nuove interazioni aumentano le possibilità per sviluppare apprendimenti collaborativi se gli insegnanti organizzano e progettano l’ambiente di apprendimento finalizzato a supportare la costruzione collaborativa della conoscenza e lo sviluppo delle competenze. L’espressione “Tecnologie di Gruppo” significa che le tecnologie (il computer, la tv, la videocamera e altri) può aumentare le possibilità di impostare lavori di gruppo dove gli studenti scambiano opinioni o idee, discutono un argomento oppure cercano di risolvere una situazione-problema, decidono come organizzare il lavoro del gruppo stesso. Nel gruppo con le tecnologie ci sono maggiori possibilità di feed-back cognitivi e relazionali fra gli studenti. La questione principale è gestire le differenti interazioni e permettere al gruppo di crescere e affrontare le situazioni-problema in cui il gruppo viene coinvolto. Quindi è fondamentale il ruolo dell’insegnante come conduttore della classe. All’inizio di un’esperienza didattica, il lavoro di gruppo è maggiormente “cooperativo”. Il compito, i ruoli e i passi sono stabiliti dall’insegnante. Successivamente, quando il gruppo è consapevole delle proprie abilità e potenzialità, l’insegnante può ampliare le possibilità gestionali e affidarle agli studenti. Essi possono scegliere i percorsi ritenuti più adatti per affrontare i problemi, distribuire i ruoli, condividere informazioni e altro. Il lavoro di gruppo diventa “collaborativo”. È necessario costruire un ambiente di apprendimento che integrato fra online e offline per allenare gli studenti al lavoro di gruppo. Tale ambiente si costituisce in tre situazioni principali: 1. lavoro di gruppo senza tecnologie; 2. lavoro di gruppo con tecnologie in classe (offline); 3. lavoro di gruppo online. La ricerca ha individuato interessanti progetti in atto in Italia ed in altri paesi. Le caratteristiche comuni sono le seguenti: c’è una piattaforma di apprendimento online (come Knowledge Forum o Moodle) dove gli studenti interagiscono, comunicano e lavorano insieme; gli insegnanti propongono attività su un argomento o una tematica disciplinare o trasversale; i lavori (individuali o di gruppo) procedono parallelamente in classe con o senza le tecnologie e continuano online, in modo che la rete sia percepita come un medium collaborativo; la progettazione delle attività è condivisa fra studenti e insegnanti. / The aim of research called “Group’s Technologies” is based on trhee basic ideas: 1. At school it’s important to pursue two kinds of learning: individual learning and team learning. At the moment, the teachers direct their acts above all to the first kind and the second one is relegate as a support for the first. 2. At school the situations more common for the work with ICT are not online but mainly offline in the classroom or in the room of computers. During these situations, it’s usual that the students work in groups. When a team of students works with some technologies, the interactions among the participants will change. 3. New interactions improve possibilities for collaborative learning if the teachers organize and plan the learning environment to foster and support the collaborative building of knowledge and the growth of competencies. The expression “Group’s Technology” means that technologies (computers or others) can increase the possibilities to build work’s groups where the students can exchange opinions or ideas, discuss a matter or on resolve a situation-problem, decide as to handle the job. In group with technologies there are more possibilities of feed-back by schoolfriends or by the computers. The main question is to manage the different interactions and to allow to the team to grow and to tackle the problems that the group’s situations involve. Therefore, it’s important the role of teacher as leader of the classroom. At the beginning, the work’s group will be more “cooperative”. The task, the roles in the groups and the steps of job are assigned by the teacher. Then, when the groups are aware of their abilities, the teacher can open the possibilities. The students can select the ways to solve the problems, share the rules, information and other. The work is getting “collaborative”. It’s necessary build a learning environment integrated between online and offline to train for group’s work. This environment is built by three situations: 1. group’s work without technologies 2. group’s work with technology in the classroom (offline) 3. group’s work online At the moment, I found some interesting projects in Italy and in other countries. The common peculiarities are: there is a learning platform online (like Knowledge Forum or Moodle) where the students can interact, communicate and work together; the teachers suggest some activities about a subject; the jobs (individual or team) proceed in the classroom with or without technologies and continue online, so the network is felt like a collaborative medium; the design of instruction is shared by students and teachers.

The need for change within the Further Education sector in line with technological developments in our current society was apparent within my teaching practice. This led to a number of thoughts about virtual learning environments and its application within the teaching role. The role of the computer as a real socio-cultural learning environment was explored to examine if this environment could be nearer to the concrete experiential and situated learning environment that students came from at an early age. It was hoped that this would be a different learning environment that would start slowly and grow in an organic way. It involved the growth of a very different culture of learning, a learning environment that may include a different literature and with different ways of thinking about what is to be learned and how to learn it. It was also hoped that the virtual learning environment would provide a very powerful strategy to allow the operation of the principle of variation and selection which it needed within the college Learnwise Educational system. Education should shift from individual, technology-free cognition to a resourceful collaborative learning, and distributed intelligence. Learners should be empowered through thoughtful and innovative use of technologies, and benefit from social distributions of cognitions. Salomon et al.'s (1998) commented that education should pay more attention to the "effects of" technology rather than the "effects with" technology, so that autonomous performance may be achieved. The attempt of the first part of the research has been to investigate a student-centred strategy in a computer supported collaborative learning environment to see whether this kind of higher-order knowledge can be distributed among peers and environment. The starting point of the second part of my research focussed on the links between constructivist theory and knowledge management in relation to college teaching practice. Since this research formed part of a whole college restructuring of teaching and learning, a baseline for current practice was necessary. Literature concerning the use of technology was explored in order to benchmark where the college was at the start of the research. As a result of this initial investigation, a survey of current college practice resulted in a paper being accepted by the HE Academy at their 8th Annual Conference in 2007. Page 6 Results from this research indicated that, although the college displayed similar results to other FE establishments, it was imperative that a move to a new building with a digital environment philosophy required more than merely a physical move. As a result, research into emerging technologies was deemed to be important if the college was to take advantage of a new digital teaching concept. Investigation into collaborative tools and Web 2.0 techniques was seen as appropriate at this stage. The study of computer-supported collaboration included the study of this software and social phenomena associated with it. Through this element of research it was hoped to investigate these collaborative techniques in the light of constructivist theories in order to develop an appropriate and effective digital teaching model. Expanding the research to explore portal technologies, with a particular focus on the integration of teaching practice, would hopefully highlight a possible path connecting current practices to an educational portal and illuminate the benefits and challenges of such an endeavour. Acquiring and deploying Web-based collaborative functionality within an organisation has become a strategic move to improve relationships between employees, partners and customers. The ultimate aim of the research and hence the thesis being addressed, will be to show that it is possible to create a “Learning or College Gateway” as a solutions framework that helps improve education by integrating the tools staff and students already use and puts them to work connecting people with the information and processes they need to teach, learn and manage more effectively. This will create a powerful educational portal that enables the people throughout the college to share information and work together on activities from a single point of access. The gateway will therefore use innovative collaboration and communications technologies to help staff get more out of existing applications using familiar tools and extending the value of investment made in existing learning environment technologies. The aim of the research was partly answered by using project based scenarios which gave some staff a new insight into the use of ICT. However, those involved in projects were generally the more pro-active teachers. A slightly different approach is needed and College Management has been advised to explore the use of an interactive college intranet and a dedicated eLearning team as a possible way forward.

Thesis theoretical part based on research describes the different types of e-learning with its development and particularly with pedagogical context in elementary school, and also with its psychosocial aspects. Presents the possibility of using the multimedia in Physics teaching. Furthermore, the practical part describes a concrete deployment of LMS Moodle for Physics teaching - branch Fluids for the blended learning teaching style and compares it with the traditional way of teaching.

The ability to carry communication services around, combined with the ubiquitous presence of computing technology, affects everything we do from how we pay for things to how we expect to interact with public institutions such as schools. There are now plenty of systems that convey education by utilizing mobile devices. As an extension of technology moving towards ubiquity, there are efforts aiming to bring this to an educational use as well. Efforts in this direction are channelized in the field of mobile learning. The speed of technological development, and the possibilities it brings introduces a large number of challenges when implemented in educational settings. These challenges can be related to for example pedagogical aspects, tools, implementations and organizations. Recent developments including the notions of learning ecosystems, learning landscapes and organizations suggest that the domain of mobile learning can be negatively affected from the lack of a systematic reuse approach. This thesis pursues these challenges by investigating how systematic reuse can be promoted in mobile learning systems. A collection of five peer-reviewed publications that elaborates on the different stages of the research process pursuing the main research question forms the core of this thesis. This research process includes a survey stage, elaborating on different aspects related to reuse and mobile learning, an analysis stage that resulted in a descriptive model and several additional domain models; and finally a stage where the descriptive model is refined into a reference model for mobile learning ecosystems. The outcomes of these activities and the analysis of these results provide some fundamental building blocks regarding how to approach the challenge of reuse in mobile learning systems. The proposed reference model can be considered as the first step towards the creation of a common vocabulary that can be used to compare Software Ecosystems within the domain of mobile learning.

This paper provides a report on the experimental collaborative and distributed development of a prototypic Widget-based PLE. The development process is described and detailed taking into account the requirements of a language learning scenario. First results are presented, and developer experiences are discussed critically with a focus on the development process as well as problems with current Widget technologies and interoperability.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the preferences of online students for technology-based learning environments (TBLEs) as influenced by the level of social presence in the online courses the participating students have taken. This investigation was centered around utilizing TBLEs and methods for establishing social presence in online classes (MESPOC) survey instruments to obtain the preferences of current online students at public university in the state of Texas. This study assumed a qualitative research structure comprising analysis of the data obtained on the TBLE and MESPOC instruments followed by semi-structured interviews with some of the survey participants. The results of the studies indicated that an individual’s preferred online learning environments impacted satisfaction in an online course. Moreover, the study, also explored the students’ preferences when it comes to the organization and facilitation of online courses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of GeoGebra training on teachers and learners in rural geometry classrooms. The conceptual framework that was used in this study was based on the four-level training evaluation framework of Kirkpatrick (1996), focusing on the first three levels only while the fourth level was not considered. The study was conducted in disadvantaged and under-resourced schools situated in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. This undertaking was considered as a way of promoting what was perceived as a simple but effective method of teaching and learning with technology. The technology-enhanced teaching strategy was employed with the anticipation of enhancing the development of geometrical concepts that are seen as too abstract by the majority of learners in resource-constrained areas. Hence, the focus of this study was on the teaching and learning of the properties of triangles and the properties of quadrilaterals in Grade 10 using GeoGebra and traditional methods. Within the non-equivalent, quasi-experimental design, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Four purposively sampled Grade 10 teachers from four schools and their classes comprising of 165 learners participated. The data collection involved pre- and post-tests, questionnaires, lesson observations, and interviews. Learners’ achievement was measured by outcomes obtained from marked and recorded achievements tests. The qualitative data collected from the teachers through questionnaires, lesson observations and interviews were coded and categorised into themes. This analysis revealed that most participants had positive training experiences and preferred using GeoGebra in the teaching and learning of geometry despite a lack of resources in their schools. The findings also showed that there was lack of training workshops that focused on appropriate teachers` knowledge and skills that are connected to technological innovations, particularly in GeoGebra. The quantitative data analysis results showed a significant difference in the mean scores for both groups respectively in favour of learners taught with GeoGebra compared to a chalk and talk method. The teachers’ implementation of and enthusiasm about GeoGebra had a positive influence on learner achievement. Based on the results, it was concluded that as a pedagogical tool, GeoGebra can work effectively in rural schools where geometry is hardly taught. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / PhD / Unrestricted

This multi-faceted research study examined the current approach of educational technology courses and how integrating modern learning technologies into curriculum effectively is addressed in pre-service education programs at U.S. universities. The primary goal was to explain the current trends in the reviewed pre-service programs in relation to how future educators are prepared by the universities to incorporate educational technology and use technology enhanced curriculum. This study was an exploratory, non-positivistic qualitative study that employed multi-strategy and survey research approaches in order to establish a baseline of the way that technology integration skills are being addressed in undergraduate pre-service educator programs today. Survey participants were educators within a public or private K-12 system in the U.S. The participants' level of education, university attended, educational technology experience, and technology perceptions were gathered from the survey's Likert-type and open-end questions. Current and historically statistics and data were collected for each university identified from the survey responses. Findings of this study revealed outcomes related to participants' education, perception of educational technology, and university educational technology course offerings and/or requirements for undergraduate pre-service educator programs. Results of this research study provide a solid foundation for future research in these areas within the field of education.

yes

Recently, there has been an increasing shift in education, where various digital technologies are applied to a greater extent. One of the emerging educational technologies is artificial intelligence (AI) technology, which is often argued to have the potential to reshape the traditional educational landscape through for example intelligent guidance and assessment systems, as well as personal learning environments. An article in Artificial Intelligence Review states that the education sector at universities is increasingly characterized by AI used by teachers and students, consisting of intelligent tutoring systems, teaching robots, and adaptive learning systems. Trust - which is considered the cornerstone of humanity's relationship with AI - is essential to this transformation. There is a considerable knowledge gap regarding how teachers experience trust in AI-based education technology, within higher education. Therefore, this exploratory case study aims to examine teachers' trust in AI, and more specifically within the context of Singaporean higher education. This study is based on an online survey where eight teachers participated. Although that is a low count of participants, the study explores the perceived trust in, and benefits of AI in an academic environment. Furthermore, where there is a lack of trust in AI diagnosis, it is due to the fact that today's AI technology often consists of black-box models that lack transparency of the system's internal functions work. Finally, concerning how teachers work alongside AI to improve pedagogy, the study concludes that implementing AI-based technology in higher education will never replace the traditional education system in terms of social interaction. / Nyligen har det skett ett skifte inom utbildning där olika digitala teknologier tillämpas i allt större utsträckning. En av dessa teknologier är artificiell intelligens (AI), som ofta hävdas kunna omforma det traditionella utbildningslandskapet genom personliga inlärningsmiljöer och intelligenta väglednings- och bedömningssystem. En artikel i Artificial Intelligence Review beskriver att dagens utbildningssektor vid universitet kännetecknas alltmer av AI som används av både lärare och studenter, där system bestående av intelligenta handledningssystem, undervisningsrobotar och adaptiva lärsystem används. För dessa anses förtroende vara hörnstenen i människans relation till AI - som är avgörande för att denna transformation av utbildningen ska fungera. Det finns en avsevärd kunskapslucka kring det förtroende lärare inom högre utbildning har för AI-baserad utbildningsteknik. Därför syftar denna explorativa fallstudie till att undersöka lärares förtroende för AI, och mer specifikt inom ramen för högre utbildning i Singapore. Denna studie är bygger på en webbenkät där åtta lärare deltog. Även om det är ett lågt antal deltagare, utforskar studien det upplevda förtroendet för AI, samt fördelarna med att använda det i en akademisk miljö. Vidare, där det saknas förtroende för AI-diagnostik, beror det på att dagens AI-teknik ofta består av black-box-modeller som saknar transparens i systemets interna funktioners arbete. Slutligen, när det gäller hur lärare arbetar tillsammans med AI för att förbättra pedagogiken, drar studien slutsatsen att implementering av AI-baserad teknik i högre utbildning aldrig kommer att ersätta det traditionella utbildningssystemet när det gäller social interaktion.