<p>The modern coastline provides few clues as to the ancient harbour configuration since Kalamianos has been partially submerged by > 6 m of relative sea-level rise since the Early Helladic. In 2009, a detailed marine geophysical survey and underwater diver search was conducted in the inshore waters to identify potential anchorage sites and to examine evidence for coastal subsidence. Single-beam bathymetry and magnetic gradiometer data were acquired and integrated within a detailed digital bathymetric model (DBM).</p> <p>The DBM revealed two submerged beachrock platforms (BR-1, BR-2) paralleling the modern shoreline and a submerged isthmus connecting the mainland with small island 200 m offshore. The BR-1 platform (3.5-3.7 m depth) contained abundant Late Helladic (LH; 1300-1190 BC) pottery sherds (30-50%) and wood charcoal fragments.¹⁴C dating of the extracted charcoal yielded an AMS ¹⁴C uncalibrated age of 3250±40 BP, consistent with the LH ceramics. The BR-2 platform (5.8-5.9 m depth) contained less pottery (<20%) and included well-preserved fragments of Early Helladic (EH) jars.</p> <p>The beachrock elevations and ¹⁴C and pottery ages were used to reconstruct a sea level curve and a series of paleogeographic maps of the EH to LH shorelines. The presence of abundant pottery and wood charcoal in the BR-1 beachrock indicates that shipping activity during the LH was focused at the south end of the site in a western harbour basin. This is supported by magnetic gradiometer results, which identified several magnetic anomalies in the western harbour basin. These were investigated by diver search and found to be concentrations of ship ballast stones (mainly andesite) and clay pottery.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>The kinematics and associated deformation of upper crust in fossil and active convergent tectonic settings require different methods of study. In this thesis, I analyzed an example of a fossil convergent setting, the formation of the eastern portion of Paleoproterozoic Sudbury Basin, Ontario, and an example of an active convergent plate interface represented by the ongoing subduction along the Hellenic Arc at Rhodes, Greece. In Sudbury, using paleomagnetic remanence directions and Matachewan dyke orientations, I constrain the magnitudes of rotation associated with the formation of the NE-lobe, a tight secondary fold of the Sudbury Basin, as well as localize the fold axis and magnitude of rotation along the West Bay Anticline, a hitherto unknown fold of the Basin.</p> <p>For the Island of Rhodes, I corroborate the existence of two phases of Plio-Pleistocene or younger deformation including providing their principal strain axis orientations from a fault-slip analysis. In addition, I estimate the magnitude of slip from faults to generate respective incremental strain ellipses of the two deformation phases for the Island. The first phase is characterized by vertical shortening (ŝ₃) and N-S extension (ŝ₁) with associated normal faulting while the second phase is characterized by N-S shortening (ŝ₃) and E-W extension (ŝ₁) associated with strike-slip faulting.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Thesis. 1975. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences. / Bibliography: leaves 198-220. / by Richard H. Burroughs, III. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 51-58. / by Jeremy D. Duschenes. / M.S.

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographies. / by Robert Sherman Detrick, Jr. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1979. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographies. / by Christopher Robert Tapscott. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1981. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 273-291. / by Mai Yang. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographies. / by Ken C. Macdonald. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 51-56. / by Waris E.K. Warsi. / M.S.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences and the Dept. of Meteorology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1972. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-159). / Free-air and simple Bouguer anomaly maps of the Venezuelan continental margin (from 60°W to 72°W and from 7°N to 13°N) are presented. The major features of the free-air map are: the large lows associated with the deep sedimentary basins, -200 mgal in the Eastern Venezuela basin and -164 mgal in the Maracaibo basin; the high of greater than 300 mgal over the Venezuelan Andes; and a belt of highs associated with the offshore islands extending from Blanquilla to Curacao and then over the Guajira peninsula, where they terminate. The Bouguer anomaly map shows a large low (-196 mgal) over the Eastern Venezuela basin and relative minimums over the coastal mountains. A minimum associated with the Venezuelan Andes is shifted to the northwest of the topographic axis and lies over the flank of the Andes and part of the Maracaibo basin. Using the gravity data, structural sections were constructed for a series of profiles across the Venezuelan Andes and Caribbean mountains. They show that there is no light.crustal root under the Andes, the relative mass excess is as much as 600 kg/cm2 , and that there is an excess of low density material under the Maracaibo basin. This appears to be caused by a combination of a southeastward dipping shear zone in the lithosphere under the basin-mountain boundary and a component of compressive stress perpendicular to this zone, both of which have resulted in the uplift of the crust under the Andes, and downwarp under the basin. The apparent flexural rigidity of the lithosphere under the Maracaibo basin is 0.6 x 10 newton-m, a normal value for lithosphere deformations of Miocene age. The Caribbean mountains have a light crustal root which has been formed by the sliding of blocks of crustal material from the north over the rocks to the south, and perhaps by the under thrusting of oceanic crust under the continental crust. This under thrusting may have been a result of the formation of a downgoing slab of lithosphere along the Venezuelan continental margin during the late Cretaceous. The downgoing slab may have existed until mid-Eocene time. The gravity minimum over the Eastern Venezuela basin is due to the down warping of lighter crustal material into the higher density mantle. This may be a result of compression from the north along a north-south direction causing down buckling buckling of the lithosphere. The present deformation along the northern boundary appears to be due to differences in relative motion between the North and South American plates. Because the Caribbean mountains are partially isostatically compensated, while the Venezuelan Andes are above isostatic equilibrium, this suggests that the relative motion of the Caribbean plate with respect to the South American plate is eastward. The compressive stress across the boundary in the region of the Venezuelan Andes is probably greater than the compressive stress across the Caribbean mountains. / by Robert Allin Folinsbee. / Ph.D.